Military rule

The military came to power in 1932, and retained it (with intermittent periods of civilian rule) until the failed coup of 1992. The army's dominance can be attributed in part to its role as an avenue for advancement for ambitious young Siamese when the Chinese dominated the business world and the educated middle-class was still small. The new regime of 1932 was led by a group of colonels headed by Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena and Phraya Songsuradet. In December they produced a constitution, Siam's first, with a National Assembly half ...

See also:

History of Thailand 1932-1973, History of Thailand 1932-1973 - Military rule, History of Thailand 1932-1973 - Postwar Thailand

Read more here: » History of Thailand 1932-1973: Encyclopedia II - History of Thailand 1932-1973 - Military rule

By late 1976 moderate middle class opinion had turned away from radicalism as the students, with their base at Thammasat University, grew more militant. The army and the right-wing parties fought back against the radicals though paramilitary groups such as the Village Scouts and the notorious Red Gaurs. Matters came to a head in October when Thanom returned to Thailand to enter a monastery. Violent student protests were met by equally violent counter-protests. On 6 October 1976 the army unleashed the paramilitaries, and used the resultant orgy of violence, in which hundreds of students were to ...

See also:

History of Thailand since 1973, History of Thailand since 1973 - Revolution, History of Thailand since 1973 - Military rule, History of Thailand since 1973 - Premocracy

Read more here: » History of Thailand since 1973: Encyclopedia II - History of Thailand since 1973 - Military rule

The Siamese coup d'état of 1932 transformed the Government of Thailand from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy. King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) initially accepted this change but later surrendered the throne to his ten-year old nephew, Ananda Mahidol. Upon his abdication, King Prajadhipok said that the duty of a ruler was to reign for the good of the whole people, not for a select few. King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) died in 1946 under somewhat mysterious circumstances, the official explanation being that he shot himself by accident while ...

See also:

History of Thailand, History of Thailand - Early history, History of Thailand - Sukhothai and Lannathai, History of Thailand - Ayutthaya, History of Thailand - Bangkok period, History of Thailand - Military rule, History of Thailand - Democracy

Read more here: » History of Thailand: Encyclopedia II - History of Thailand - Military rule

On July 5, 1973, while serving as defense minister, Maj. Gen. Juvénal Habyarimana, a native of the northwestern province of Gisenyi overthrew Grégoire Kayibanda, a native of central province of Gitarama. He dissolved the National Assembly and the PARMEHUTU Party and abolished all political activity. Still, the issue of ethnicity remained powerful. Each ethnic group held onto the memories of massacres in the past, and for the predominantly Hutu establishment, Tutsis remained scapegoats of convenience. For instance, Kayibanda was born in a s ...

See also:

History of Rwanda, History of Rwanda - Early history, History of Rwanda - Civilization, History of Rwanda - Colonial influence, History of Rwanda - German colonialism, History of Rwanda - World War I, History of Rwanda - Belgian colonialism, History of Rwanda - Catholic influence, History of Rwanda - Destabilisation, History of Rwanda - Ethnic strife and independence, History of Rwanda - Military rule, History of Rwanda - Civil war, History of Rwanda - Arusha accords, History of Rwanda - The Rwandan genocide

Read more here: » History of Rwanda: Encyclopedia II - History of Rwanda - Military rule

See main article: Supreme Council for National Reconstruction A military coup led by Major General Park Chung Hee on May 16, 1961 put an effective end to the Second Republic. Park was one of a group of military leaders who had been pushing for the de-politicization of the military. Dissatisfied with the cleanup measures undertaken by the Second Republic, they chose to take matters into their own hands. The military leaders promised to return the government to a democratic system as soon as possible. On December 2, 1962, ...

See also:

History of South Korea, History of South Korea - U.S. Military administration, History of South Korea - First Republic, History of South Korea - Second Republic, History of South Korea - Military rule, History of South Korea - Third Republic, History of South Korea - Fourth Republic, History of South Korea - Fifth Republic, History of South Korea - Sixth Republic, History of South Korea - Notes

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For Gandhi, non-violence meant an overflowing love for all humanity, a way of life that emanated from the very marrow of his being. But for many of his followers, non-violence was simply a political strategy, a tactic for winning India's independence from Britain. The more earnestly Gandhi pursued his religious beliefs, the deeper his love for humanity grew.

This love made it all the more impossible for him to ignore the political realities that shaped people's lives. At the same time, contact with these political realities strengthened his conviction that nothing is more essential than the love for humanity that religious faith can inspire. He walked the middle way.

(See also: Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Peace on Earth: Explode Spiritual Bomb of Compassion

The history of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddharta Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today. Throughout this period, the religion evolved as it encountered various countries and cultures, adding to its original Indian foundation Hellenistic as well as Central Asian, East Asian, and Southeast Asian cultural elements. In the process, its geographical extent became considerable so as to affect at one time or another most of the Asian continent. The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements and schisms, foremost among them the Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana traditions, punctuated by contrasting periods of expansion and retreat.

Read more here: » Buddhism: History of Buddhism

Chinese astrologers refer to the Moon's Nodes as the Dragon's Head and Tail and give it tremendous attention as to the placement in the natal chart. Sadly, practical modern astrologers tend to ignore its very existence and in the process, lose a wealth of valuable information. To my knowledge, the Dragon, in itself, holds as much, if not more, facts and power than the entire complexity of a whole astrological chart! This article give you the knowledge to understand the Dragon in your personal horoscope.

Read more here: » Astrology: Dragons throughout the ages - Dragons importance in Astrology.

Hinduism is the religion of the Hindus, a name given to the Universal Religion which hailed supreme in India. It is the oldest of all living religions. This is not founded by any prophet. Buddhism, Christianity and Mohammedanism owe their origin to the prophets. Their dates are fixed. But no such date can be fixed for Hinduism. Hinduism is not born of the teachings of particular prophets. It is not based on a set of dogmas preached by a particular set of teachers. It is free from religious fanaticism.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Read more here: » Hinduism: Hindu Religion Ð All About Hinduism

ROMULUS AND REMUS

The author's name is merely old Roman "Remus". The intrusive "h" was a German grandfather's idea to give the correct pronunciation for other Teutons. Latin names are (or were) common in Germany and Scandinavia (cf. Rommel). A permutation of the name is also seen in Arminius, a German prince who defeated the Romans in the First Century. See Amullus Silvius (also Armand, Herman, etc.). According to Jung, the twins represent the religious conviction (like Moses in the bulrushes) that one is a prince by birth and forced to live as an ordinary person until destiny reveals his true status to the world: Romulus and Remus, Remus being the poor victim of oppression, Romulus the emerging prince:

O Gemini of Latium, gentle and cruel,

Princes, wolf-suckled,  born to rule:

O Gemini of Latium, gentle and cruel,

Princes,  wolf-suckled, born to rule:

The one to be ground in the dust,

The  other to rise as he must...

Twins in mythology and in Geminian symbolism refer to the One in its manifestational phase of self and other, as the union of opposites (Yang and Yin, Light and Darkness, Being/Non-Being, etc.). Together with his brother, Remus, Romulus founded Rome as a haven for abductors of the Sabine women. The twins, who were the sons of Mars and Vestal Priestess, Rhea Silva, were abandoned at birth and suckled by a wolf. Originally both presided over the building of Rome, but they quarreled (a parallel of Cain and Abel) over every decision. One day, while Romulus was constructing the city wall, Remus jumped over it, saying: IN HOC MODO SUPERSALIT HOSTIS MURUM ("Look how easily the enemy can leap over this wall!"). At this, Romulus shouted, "And look how easily I can kill you!" and ran him through with his sword. In this way Romulus achieved harmony without union and thereafter set the tone for Roman conquest and empire by will and force.

After his death, Romulus was transported to heaven and wassometimes identified with Mars and sometimes worshiped under the godly Sabine name, Quirinus. Quiris, lit. "spear", also referred to citizens of Cures, the Sabine town, and it eventually came as well to mean a citizen of Rome. The Quirinalia was a military holiday in honor thereof.

Furthermore, according to Jung, "Armilus begot by Satan on a block of marble, is the Anti-Messiah. Messiah ben Joseph must die in order to atone with his blood for the children of Yahweh. Messiah ben Joseph will in turn be felled by Armilus and will succumb during the conflict between Gog and Magog. Armilus will be killed in turn by Messiah ben David." Armilus = Romulus, the Antichrist. From Methodius: "Romulus, who is also Armaeleus." According to some authorities, Romulus was the product of an incubus and a salamander.

Remus, the slain geminus, is represented by the lute, whereas Romulus is the mace. This is the usual Greco-Roman view of the Gemini.

In John Puhvel's Comparative Mythology, things take on a different color. We discover that when the Romans referred to the beginning of time, it was 'AB REMO ET ROMULO', whereas now it's "Romulus and Remus". Remus, it seems, is the true founder of Rome -- its sacrificial origin -- whereas Romulus is but secondary, the name meaning merely "or Roman". The twins, Rhomos and Rhomulos in Greek, are the equivalent of the twin Norse god, Ymir and the Vedic Yama and Yami.

"Romulus" in Egyptian Hieroglyphics

(See also: ROMULUS AND REMUS , Magick, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul,)

In pre-Mandalised India of the seventies, Prof A L Basham, the author of The Wonder that was India, and I were colleagues at 'El Colegio de Mexico". He once observed that despite innumerable divisive factors of caste, creed and language, the fact that democracy was a functional reality in India, made India a living wonder. Today, I ask myself, are we truly a democratic country?

(See also: Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Peace on Earth: Politics is Lowest Form of Leela

Ramnavmi

Lord Rama, an Incarnation of Lord Vishnu, who is measureless, who is of the nature of pure Consciousness and bliss, who is the consort of Sita, Master of Sri Hanuman, and the Lord of the three worlds, who took His birth at His own will in order to establish righteousness, destroy the wicked and protect His devotees.

Ramnavami or the birthday of Lord Rama falls on the 9th day of the bright fortnight of the month of Chaitra (March-April).

From Hindu Fasts & Festivals by Sri Swami Sivananda.

Read more here: » Ramnavmi: Hindu Worship - Ramnavmi

1742 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders From Categories: births - deaths 1742 - Events. January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. February 16 - Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes Prime Minister of Great B ...

Including:

• 1742 - Events
• 1742 - Ongoing events
• 1742 - Births
• 1742 - Deaths

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The Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) is the foundation of military law in the United States. The UCMJ was passed by Congress on 5 May 1950, signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and became effective on 31 May 1951. Prior to this, each service branch had seperate military justice codes. The UCMJ is found in Title 10, Subtitle A, Part II, Chapter 47 of the United States Code. The current version is th ...

Including:

• Uniform Code of Military Justice - General Provisions
• Uniform Code of Military Justice - Reference

Read more here: » Uniform Code of Military Justice: Encyclopedia - Uniform Code of Military Justice

Unconditional surrender refers to a surrender without conditions, except for those provided by international law. The most notable use of the term was in the Second World War. Unconditional surrender - United States usage. Normally a belligerent will only agree to surrender unconditionally if completely incapable of continuing hostilities. Announcing that only unconditional surrender is acceptable puts psychological pressure on a weaker adversary. The first use of the phrase occurred during t ...

Including:

• Unconditional surrender - United States usage

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Image:Smalbldg.jpg The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in German as the Alliierter Kontrollrat, was a military occupation governing body of Germany after the end of World War II in Europe; the members were the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. France was later added with a vote but had no duties. The Allied Control Council was based in Berlin-Schöneberg. Allied Control Council - Creation. After the death of Adolf Hitler, Karl Dönitz bec ...

Including:

• Allied Control Council - Creation
• Allied Control Council - Operation
• Allied Control Council - The building
• Allied Control Council - Bibliography
• Allied Control Council - Notes

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The armed forces of a state are its government sponsored defense and fighting forces and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nations armed forces. Armed force is the use of armed forces to achieve political objectives. The study of the use of Armed Forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All ...

Including:

• Armed forces - Organization
• Armed forces - Benefits and costs
• Armed forces - Armed forces of the world

Read more here: » Armed forces: Encyclopedia - Armed forces

The United States has, infrequently, made use of military tribunals or commissions, rather than rely on courts martial, within the military justice system. General George Washington used military tribunals during the American Revolution. As did President Franklin Roosevelt, during World War II. President Abraham Lincoln used military tribunals during and after the American Civil War. Roosevelt ordered military tribunals for some German prisoners accused of sabotage. His decision sparked controversy. Some critics thought that th ...

See also:

Military tribunal, Military tribunal - Military Tribunals in the USA, Military tribunal - Court system, Military tribunal - Jurisdiction, Military tribunal - Controversy, Military tribunal - Trial by Military Tribunal of the Guantanamo detainees

Read more here: » Military tribunal: Encyclopedia II - Military tribunal - Military Tribunals in the USA

Before the beginning of World War II Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed an ostensible non-aggression treaty known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. In the secret appendix of the pact, Germany and the Soviet Union divided up Eastern Europe into spheres of influence: in Northern Europe, Finland, Estonia, Latvia (and, according to a later adjustment, Lithuania) were designated as falling in the Soviet zone. ...

See also:

Occupation of Baltic Republics, Occupation of Baltic Republics - History of the occupation, Occupation of Baltic Republics - Historical considerations, Occupation of Baltic Republics - Timeline of the occupation

Read more here: » Occupation of Baltic Republics: Encyclopedia II - Occupation of Baltic Republics - History of the occupation

Martial law - Canada. For many years the Canadian government could institute martial law through a piece of legislation known as the War Measures Act. This act was invoked three times, in both world wars and in the October Crisis of 1970, although it is debatable whether the 1970 incident can be considered martial law as the military only assisted police and guarded government officials and buildings. See also:

Martial law, Martial law - Examples in and of various countries, Martial law - Canada, Martial law - People's Republic of China mainland China, Martial law - Republic of China Taiwan, Martial law - Egypt, Martial law - Philippines, Martial law - Poland, Martial law - Switzerland, Martial law - United States of America, Martial law - Thailand, Martial law - Pakistan

Read more here: » Martial law: Encyclopedia II - Martial law - Examples in and of various countries