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mildew | A Wisdom Archive on mildew | | mildew A selection of articles related to mildew | |
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mildew, Mildew
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO mildew | | | |  mildew: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Wheat in the United StatesClasses used in the United States are
Durum - Very hard, translucent, light colored grain used to make semolina flour for pasta.
Hard Red Spring - Hard, brownish, high protein wheat used for bread and hard baked goods.
Hard Red Winter - Hard, brownish, very high protein wheat used for bread, hard baked goods and as an adjunct in other flours to increase protein.
Soft Red Winter - Soft, brownish, medium protein wheat used for bread.
Hard White - Hard, light co ...
See also:Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Wheat in the United States |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Agronomy
Wheat - Crop development.
Crop management decisions require the knowledge of stage of development of the crop. In particular, spring fertilizers applications, herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators are typically applied at specific stages of plant development.
For example, current recommendations often indicate the second application of nitrogen be done when the ear (not visible at this stage) is about 1 cm in size (Z31 on Zadoks scale). Knowledge of stages is also interesting to identify periods of hig ...
See also:Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Agronomy |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Genetics & Breeding Wheat genetics is more complicated than domesticated animal genetics. Wheat is capable of polyploidy, or having more than two sets of chromosomes (diploid). A further complicating factor is that four out of five of the most common wheat species are the results of hybridization.
Einkorn wheat is diploid (2x chromosomes). The tetraploid wheats (e.g. emmer and durum wheat) derive from wild emmer, Triticum dicoccoides. Wild emmer is the result of a hybridisation between two diploid wild grasses, T. urartu and a wild goatgras ...
See also:Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Genetics & Breeding |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - History Domestic wheat originated in southwest Asia in what is now known as the Fertile Crescent. The earliest archaeological evidence for wheat cultivation comes from Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. Around 10,000 years ago, wild einkorn and emmer wheat were domesticated as part of the origins of agriculture in the fertile crescent. Cultivation of wild forms led to selection of mutations for tough-rachised ears (which do not break up at maturity) and larger grains (see domestication). While these forms could not have succeeded in the wild, under cultivation they produced more food for humans.
The cultivation of wheat began to spread into Europe b ...
See also:Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - History |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Leviticus - Academic context Most modern scholars of biblical criticism support the documentary hypothesis. In this, almost the entirity of Leviticus is identified as being from a single earlier document, the priestly source. While this source is said to originate amongst the Aaronid priesthood, Leviticus is nethertheless said to consist of several layers of accretion from earlier collections of laws. The base of this accretion is identified, in the hypothesis, as the Holiness Code, regarded as an early independant document, having a faint relationship with the ...
See also:Leviticus, Leviticus - Summary, Leviticus - Religious interpretation, Leviticus - Jewish views, Leviticus - Christian views, Leviticus - Academic context Read more here: » Leviticus: Encyclopedia II - Leviticus - Academic context |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Leviticus - Religious interpretation
Leviticus - Jewish views.
Orthodox Jews believe that this entire book is the word of God, dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. In Talmudic literature, there is evidence that this is the first book of the Tanakh which was taught, in the Rabbinic system of education in Talmudic times. A possible reason may be that, of all the books of the Torah, Leviticus is the closest to being purely devoted to mitzvot and its study is thus able to go hand-in-hand with their performance.
There are two main Midrashim on Leviticus - the halakhic one (Sifra) and a more aggadic one (Vayikra Rabbah). ...
See also:Leviticus, Leviticus - Summary, Leviticus - Religious interpretation, Leviticus - Jewish views, Leviticus - Christian views, Leviticus - Academic context Read more here: » Leviticus: Encyclopedia II - Leviticus - Religious interpretation |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - Cultivation and uses The tomato is now grown world-wide for its edible fruits, with thousands of cultivars having been selected with varying fruit types, and for optimum growth in differing growing conditions. Cultivated tomatoes vary in size from 'cherry tomatoes', about the same 1-2 cm size as the wild tomato, up to 'beefsteak' tomatoes 10 cm or more in diameter. The most widely grown commercial tomatoes tend to be in the 5-6 cm diameter range. Most cultivars produce red fruit, but a number of cultivars with yellow or orange fruit are also available. Tomatoes grown for canning are often elongated, 7-9 cm long and 4-5 c ...
See also:Tomato, Tomato - History and distribution, Tomato - Early history, Tomato - Spanish distribution, Tomato - Tomatoes in Italy, Tomato - Tomatoes in Britain, Tomato - North America, Tomato - Cultivation and uses, Tomato - Diseases and pests, Tomato - Pollination, Tomato - Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation, Tomato - Picking and ripening, Tomato - Modern uses of tomatoes, Tomato - Storage, Tomato - Tomato legends, Tomato - Controversies, Tomato - Botanical classification, Tomato - Fruit or vegetable?, Tomato - Pronunciation, Tomato - Tomato records Read more here: » Tomato: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - Cultivation and uses |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - Tomato legends There are many legends about the tomato. For example, it has been claimed that tomatoes were not widely eaten in the U.S until the late 1800s. It has sometimes been claimed that tomatoes were considered aphrodisiacs and so were shunned by the Puritans. Many legends also maintain that the tomato was introduced into the U.S. by one particular person. Thomas Jefferson is sometimes mentioned, but the most famous legend of this sort was introduced by Joseph S. Sickler in the mid-1900s, and became the subject of a CBS broadcast of You Are There in ...
See also:Tomato, Tomato - History and distribution, Tomato - Early history, Tomato - Spanish distribution, Tomato - Tomatoes in Italy, Tomato - Tomatoes in Britain, Tomato - North America, Tomato - Cultivation and uses, Tomato - Diseases and pests, Tomato - Pollination, Tomato - Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation, Tomato - Picking and ripening, Tomato - Modern uses of tomatoes, Tomato - Storage, Tomato - Tomato legends, Tomato - Controversies, Tomato - Botanical classification, Tomato - Fruit or vegetable?, Tomato - Pronunciation, Tomato - Tomato records Read more here: » Tomato: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - Tomato legends |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - Controversies
Tomato - Botanical classification.
In 1753 the tomato was placed in the genus Solanum by Linnaeus as Solanum lycopersicum L. (derivation, 'lyco', wolf, plus 'persicum', peach, i.e., "wolf-peach"). However, in 1768, Philip Miller placed it in its own genus, and he named it Lycopersicon esculentum. This name came into wide use, but was in breach of the plant naming rules. Technically the combination Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) H.Karst. would be correct, but this name (published in 188 ...
See also:Tomato, Tomato - History and distribution, Tomato - Early history, Tomato - Spanish distribution, Tomato - Tomatoes in Italy, Tomato - Tomatoes in Britain, Tomato - North America, Tomato - Cultivation and uses, Tomato - Diseases and pests, Tomato - Pollination, Tomato - Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation, Tomato - Picking and ripening, Tomato - Modern uses of tomatoes, Tomato - Storage, Tomato - Tomato legends, Tomato - Controversies, Tomato - Botanical classification, Tomato - Fruit or vegetable?, Tomato - Pronunciation, Tomato - Tomato records Read more here: » Tomato: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - Controversies |
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| | | | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Cocoa - Producing chocolate To make 1 kg (2.2 pounds) of chocolate, about 300–600 beans are processed. In a factory, the beans are washed and roasted. Next they are de-hulled by a "nibber" machine that also removes the germ. The nibs are ground between three sets of stones until they emerge as a thick creamy paste. Cocoa powder is made from this "liquor" by removing part of its fatty oils (the "cocoa butter" used in confectionery, soaps, and cosmetics), either with a hydraulic press or by using the Broma process. With starch and sugar added, the liquor is churned and beaten in a ...
See also:Cocoa, Cocoa - History, Cocoa - World Production, Cocoa - Harvesting, Cocoa - Producing chocolate, Cocoa - Use of cocoa, Cocoa - Issues with cocoa as a commodity, Cocoa - External link Read more here: » Cocoa: Encyclopedia II - Cocoa - Producing chocolate |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Cocoa - Harvesting A pod has a rough leathery rind about 3 cm (1¼ inch) thick. It is filled with slimy pinkish pulp, sweet but inedible, enclosing from 30 to 50 large almond-like seeds or "beans" that are fairly soft and pinkish or purplish in color. As fast as they ripen, the pods are removed with a curved knife on a long pole, opened with a machete, and left to dry until taken to fermentation.
Then the beans are removed and piled in heaps, bins, or on gratings where, during several days of "sweating", the thick pulp ferments until it thins and trickl ...
See also:Cocoa, Cocoa - History, Cocoa - World Production, Cocoa - Harvesting, Cocoa - Producing chocolate, Cocoa - Use of cocoa, Cocoa - Issues with cocoa as a commodity, Cocoa - External link Read more here: » Cocoa: Encyclopedia II - Cocoa - Harvesting |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Copper - Physical characteristics Copper is a reddish-coloured metal, with a high electrical and thermal conductivity (among pure metals at room temperature, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity). Copper has its characteristic color because it reflects red and orange light and absorbs other frequencies in the visible spectrum, due to its band structure. Contrast this with the optical properties of silver, gold and aluminum.
There are two stable isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu, along with a couple dozen radioisotopes. The vast majority of radi ...
See also:Copper, Copper - History, Copper - Biological role, Copper - Toxicity, Copper - Miscellaneous hazards, Copper - Physical characteristics, Copper - Compounds, Copper - Occurrence, Copper - Tests for copper2+ ion, Copper - Applications Read more here: » Copper: Encyclopedia II - Copper - Physical characteristics |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Garden Strawberry - Pollination Most cultivars are somewhat self fertile, but good bee activity has been shown to improve pollination, which results in larger and better shaped berries. Commercial growers usually place beehives within range of the fields to increase bee populations.
Garden Strawberry - Forcing.
The runners propagated for forcing are layered into 75 mm pots, filled with rich soil, and held firm by a piece of raffia, a peg or stone. If kept duly watered they will soon form independent ...
See also:Garden Strawberry, Garden Strawberry - Cultivation, Garden Strawberry - Pollination, Garden Strawberry - Forcing, Garden Strawberry - Diseases, Garden Strawberry - Uses, Garden Strawberry - Nutrition, Garden Strawberry - External link Read more here: » Garden Strawberry: Encyclopedia II - Garden Strawberry - Pollination |
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| | | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Copper - Tests for copper2+ ion Add aqueous sodium hydroxide. A blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide should form, by the displacement of the copper ions by sodium ions.
Ionic equation:
Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) -> Cu(OH)2 (s)
Add aqeuous ammonia. A precipitate should form, which then dissolves upon adding excess ammonia, to form an ammonia complex, tetraaminecopper(II).
Ionic equation:
Cu2+(aq) + 4NH3 (aq) -> Cu(NH ...
See also:Copper, Copper - History, Copper - Biological role, Copper - Toxicity, Copper - Miscellaneous hazards, Copper - Physical characteristics, Copper - Compounds, Copper - Occurrence, Copper - Tests for copper2+ ion, Copper - Applications Read more here: » Copper: Encyclopedia II - Copper - Tests for copper2+ ion |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Maintenance If the binoculars are not collimated properly, i.e., if the images from the two tubes are not properly aligned, then they will give poor results and can be uncomfortable and tiring to use. This may be due to poor manufacturing quality control (more likely with cheaper binoculars) or to a shock (being dropped) or drift over time. If the binoculars are basically sound, this can be remedied by small movements to the prisms, often by turning screws accessible without opening the binoculars. While it is inadvisable for the non-expert to tr ...
See also:Binoculars, Binoculars - Prismatic binoculars, Binoculars - Design details, Binoculars - Optical parameters, Binoculars - Optical construction, Binoculars - Image stabilisation, Binoculars - Maintenance, Binoculars - Choosing binoculars Read more here: » Binoculars: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Maintenance |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Optical construction When light strikes an interface between two materials of different refractive index (e.g., at an air-glass interface), some of the light is transmitted, some reflected. In any sort of image-forming optical instrument (telescope, camera, microscope, etc.), ideally no light should be reflected; instead of forming an image, light which reaches the viewer after being reflected is distributed in the field of view, and reduces the contrast between the true image and the background. Reflection can be reduced, but not eliminated, by applying optical ...
See also:Binoculars, Binoculars - Prismatic binoculars, Binoculars - Design details, Binoculars - Optical parameters, Binoculars - Optical construction, Binoculars - Image stabilisation, Binoculars - Maintenance, Binoculars - Choosing binoculars Read more here: » Binoculars: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Optical construction |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Comfrey - Description Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches. Comfrey has long been recognised by both organic gardeners and herbalists for its great usefulness and versatility; of particular interest is the "Bocking 14" cultivar of Russian Comfrey (Sy ...
See also:Comfrey, Comfrey - Description, Comfrey - Propagation, Comfrey - Cultivation, Comfrey - Medicinal uses, Comfrey - Fertiliser uses Read more here: » Comfrey: Encyclopedia II - Comfrey - Description |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Comfrey - Medicinal uses Rosemary Morrow writes that 'Russian comfrey and garlic could together, according to natural health usage, almost halve the present ills of western civilisation' (The Book Of Herbs, Pan 1976). An extravagant claim perhaps, but comfrey does indeed have a wealth of medicinal uses. One of its country names was 'knitbone', a reminder of its traditional use in healing. The herb contains allantoin, a cell proliferant that speeds up the natural replacement of body cells. This means that it will promote the swift healing of damaged or injured tissue ...
See also:Comfrey, Comfrey - Description, Comfrey - Propagation, Comfrey - Cultivation, Comfrey - Medicinal uses, Comfrey - Fertiliser uses Read more here: » Comfrey: Encyclopedia II - Comfrey - Medicinal uses |
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| | | | | mildew: Encyclopedia II - Copper - Biological role Copper is essential in all higher plants and animals. Copper is carried mostly in the bloodstream on a plasma protein called ceruloplasmin. When copper is first absorbed in the gut it is transported to the liver bound to albumin. Copper is found in a variety of enzymes, including the copper centers of cytochrome c oxidase and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (containing copper and zinc), and is the central metal in the oxygen carrying pigment hemocyanin. The blood of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, uses copper ...
See also:Copper, Copper - History, Copper - Biological role, Copper - Toxicity, Copper - Miscellaneous hazards, Copper - Physical characteristics, Copper - Compounds, Copper - Occurrence, Copper - Tests for copper2+ ion, Copper - Applications Read more here: » Copper: Encyclopedia II - Copper - Biological role |
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