mildew

Yoghurt or yogurt, less commonly yoghourt or yogourt, is a dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. Any sort of milk may be used to make yoghurt, but modern production is dominated by cow's milk. It is the fermentation of milk sugar (lactose) into lactic acid that gives yoghurt its gel-like texture and characteristic tang. It is often sold in a fruit, vanilla, or chocolate flavour, but can also be unflavoured. Yoghurt - History. Yoghurt is traditionally believed to be a ...

Including:

• Yoghurt - History
• Yoghurt - Presentation
• Yoghurt - Dahi yoghurt
• Yoghurt - Bulgarian yoghurt
• Yoghurt - Greek yoghurt
• Yoghurt - Lassi yoghurt
• Yoghurt - Kefir
• Yoghurt - Home-made yoghurt

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Vitis riparia Michx, also commonly known as River Bank Grape or Frost Grape, is a native American climbing or trailing vine, widely distributed from Quebec to Texas, and Montana to New England. It is long-lived and capable of reaching into the upper canopy of the tallest trees. Mature vines have loose, fissured bark, and may attain several inches in diameter. Leaves are alternate, often with opposite tendrils or inflorescences, coarsely toothed, 5–25 cm long and 5–20 cm broad, so ...

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Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made. In the United States, 'cocoa' often refers to cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding cocoa seeds and removing the cocoa butter from the dark, bitter cocoa solids. By itself it has an extremely bitter flavor. Hot cocoa is often confused with hot chocolate, but hot cocoa is made from the cocoa solids, while true hot chocolate is made from whole chocolate. Cocoa - History. Chocolate and cocoa are ...

Including:

• Cocoa - History
• Cocoa - World Production
• Cocoa - Harvesting
• Cocoa - Producing chocolate
• Cocoa - Use of cocoa
• Cocoa - Issues with cocoa as a commodity
• Cocoa - External link

Read more here: » Cocoa: Encyclopedia - Cocoa

Zinc pyrithione (abbreviated ZnP and also known as pyrithione zinc) is an antifungal agent best known for its use in treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the streptococcus and staphylococcus class. Other medical uses involve treatment of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot ...

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T. aestivum T. aethiopicum T. araraticum T. boeoticum T. carthlicum T. compactum T. dicoccon T. durum T. ispahanicum T. karamyschevii T. militinae T. monococcum T. polonicum T. spelta T. timopheevii T. trunciale T. turanicum T. turgidum T. urartu T. vavilovii T. zhukovskyi References:
Including:

• Wheat - History
• Wheat - Genetics & Breeding
• Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat
• Wheat - Naming
• Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat
• Wheat - Economics
• Wheat - Production and consumption statistics
• Wheat - Agronomy
• Wheat - Crop development
• Wheat - Wheat stages
• Wheat - Diseases
• Wheat - Pests
• Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia - Wheat

Copper is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper - History. In Greek times, the metal was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). Copper was a very important resource for the Romans and Greeks. In Roman times, it became known as aes Cyprium (aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys such as bronze and other metals, and Cyprium because so much of it was mined in Cyprus). From this, the phrase was simplified to ...

Including:

• Copper - History
• Copper - Biological role
• Copper - Toxicity
• Copper - Miscellaneous hazards
• Copper - Physical characteristics
• Copper - Compounds
• Copper - Occurrence
• Copper - Tests for copper²⁺ ion
• Copper - Applications

Read more here: » Copper: Encyclopedia - Copper

Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). Christians refer to the Hebrew Bible as the Old Testament. The English name is derived from the Latin Liber Leviticus which is from the Greek (το) Λευιτικόν (i.e., βιβλίον). In Jewish writings it is customary to cite the book by its first word, Vayikra ויקרא, "and he called". The main points of the book are concerned with legal rules, and priestly ritual. Despite the English title of the work, i ...

Including:

• Leviticus - Summary
• Leviticus - Religious interpretation
• Leviticus - Jewish views
• Leviticus - Christian views
• Leviticus - Academic context

Read more here: » Leviticus: Encyclopedia - Leviticus

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, native to Central and South America, from Mexico to Peru. It is a short-lived perennial plant, grown as an annual plant, typically growing to 1-3 m tall, with a weakly woody stem that usually scrambles over other plants. The leaves are 10-25 cm long, pinnate, with 5-9 leaflets, each leaflet up to 8 cm long, with a serrated margin; both the stem and leaves are densely glandular-hairy. The flowers are 1-2 cm across, yellow, with five pointed lobe ...

Including:

• Tomato - History and distribution
• Tomato - Early history
• Tomato - Spanish distribution
• Tomato - Tomatoes in Italy
• Tomato - Tomatoes in Britain
• Tomato - North America
• Tomato - Cultivation and uses
• Tomato - Diseases and pests
• Tomato - Pollination
• Tomato - Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation
• Tomato - Picking and ripening
• Tomato - Modern uses of tomatoes
• Tomato - Storage
• Tomato - Tomato legends
• Tomato - Controversies
• Tomato - Botanical classification
• Tomato - Fruit or vegetable?
• Tomato - Pronunciation
• Tomato - Tomato records

Read more here: » Tomato: Encyclopedia - Tomato

A dead drop is a location used to secretly pass items between two people, without requiring them to meet. Spies have been known to use dead drops, using various techniques to hide the items and to signal that the drop has been made. The dead drop spike is a concealment device which has been used since the late 1960s to hide money, maps, documents, microfilm, and other items. The spike is waterproof and mildew-proof and can be shoved into the ground or placed in a ...

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Binocular telescopes or binoculars are two identical or mirror-symmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point accurately in the same direction, one to be viewed through each of the user's eyes. By contrast, relatively small single-tube telescopes are often called "monoculars". The advantages of a binocular over a monocular telescope are: it gives a 3-dimensional image with depth: the two distinct views presented from slightly different viewpoints to each of the viewer's eyes merge to produc ...

Including:

• Binoculars - Prismatic binoculars
• Binoculars - Design details
• Binoculars - Optical parameters
• Binoculars - Optical construction
• Binoculars - Image stabilisation
• Binoculars - Maintenance
• Binoculars - Choosing binoculars

Read more here: » Binoculars: Encyclopedia - Binoculars

Comfrey is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertiliser uses. Comfrey - Description. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches. Comfrey has long been recognised by both ...

Including:

• Comfrey - Description
• Comfrey - Propagation
• Comfrey - Cultivation
• Comfrey - Medicinal uses
• Comfrey - Fertiliser uses

Read more here: » Comfrey: Encyclopedia - Comfrey

The comfrey bed should be well prepared by weeding thoroughly, and dressing with manure if available. Offsets should be planted 2-3 feet apart with the growing points just below the surface, whilst root segments should be buried about 2 feet deep. Keep the bed well watered until the young plants are established. Comfrey should not be harvested in its first season as it needs to become established. Any flowering stems should be removed as these will weaken the plants in its first year. Comfrey should also be re ...

See also:

Comfrey, Comfrey - Description, Comfrey - Propagation, Comfrey - Cultivation, Comfrey - Medicinal uses, Comfrey - Fertiliser uses

Read more here: » Comfrey: Encyclopedia II - Comfrey - Cultivation

Domestic wheat originated in southwest Asia in what is now known as the Fertile Crescent. The earliest archaeological evidence for wheat cultivation comes from Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. Around 10,000 years ago, wild einkorn and emmer wheat were domesticated as part of the origins of agriculture in the fertile crescent. Cultivation of wild forms led to selection of mutations for tough-rachised ears (which do not break up at maturity) and larger grains (see domestication). While these forms could not have succeeded in the wild, under cultivation th ...

See also:

Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - History

Tomato - Early history. According to Andrew F. Smith's The Tomato in America, the tomato probably originated in the highlands on the west coast of South America. Smith notes that there is no evidence that the tomato was cultivated or even eaten before the Spanish arrived. Other researchers, however, have pointed out that this is not conclusive, as many other fruits in continuous cultivation in Peru are not present in the very limited historical record. Much horticultural knowledge was lost after the arrival of Europeans, as the Roman Catholic Church had a po ...

See also:

Tomato, Tomato - History and distribution, Tomato - Early history, Tomato - Spanish distribution, Tomato - Tomatoes in Italy, Tomato - Tomatoes in Britain, Tomato - North America, Tomato - Cultivation and uses, Tomato - Diseases and pests, Tomato - Pollination, Tomato - Hydroponic and greenhouse cultivation, Tomato - Picking and ripening, Tomato - Modern uses of tomatoes, Tomato - Storage, Tomato - Tomato legends, Tomato - Controversies, Tomato - Botanical classification, Tomato - Fruit or vegetable?, Tomato - Pronunciation, Tomato - Tomato records

Read more here: » Tomato: Encyclopedia II - Tomato - History and distribution

In Greek times, the metal was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). Copper was a very important resource for the Romans and Greeks. In Roman times, it became known as aes Cyprium (aes being the generic Latin term for copper alloys such as bronze and other metals, and Cyprium because so much of it was mined in Cyprus). From this, the phrase was simplified to cuprum and then eventually Angliciz ...

See also:

Copper, Copper - History, Copper - Biological role, Copper - Toxicity, Copper - Miscellaneous hazards, Copper - Physical characteristics, Copper - Compounds, Copper - Occurrence, Copper - Tests for copper²⁺ ion, Copper - Applications

Read more here: » Copper: Encyclopedia II - Copper - History

Chocolate and cocoa are made from the beans of the cacao tree, which apparently originated in the foothills of the Andes in the Amazon and Orinoco basins of South America. The tree was introduced into Central America by the ancient Maya, and was cultivated in Mexico by the Toltecs and later by the Aztecs. Cocoa was an important commodity in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Spanish chroniclers of the conquest of Mexico by Hernán Cortés relate that when Moctezuma II, emperor of the Aztecs, dined he took no other beverage than chocolate, ser ...

See also:

Cocoa, Cocoa - History, Cocoa - World Production, Cocoa - Harvesting, Cocoa - Producing chocolate, Cocoa - Use of cocoa, Cocoa - Issues with cocoa as a commodity, Cocoa - External link

Read more here: » Cocoa: Encyclopedia II - Cocoa - History

The book is generally considered to consist of two large sections, both of which contain several mitzvot, and thus the work constitutes a major source of Jewish law. The first part Leviticus 1-16, and Leviticus 27, constitutes the main portion of the Priestly Code, which describes the details of rituals, and of worship, as well as details of ritual cleanliness and uncleanliness. Within this section are: Laws regarding the regulations for different types of sacrifice (Leviticus 1-7): Burnt-offerings, mea ...

See also:

Leviticus, Leviticus - Summary, Leviticus - Religious interpretation, Leviticus - Jewish views, Leviticus - Christian views, Leviticus - Academic context

Read more here: » Leviticus: Encyclopedia II - Leviticus - Summary

The banks of Lake Annecy have been occupied by since at least 4000 BC. A Gallic tribe, the Allobroges, occupied the area in pre-Roman times: the Allobroges were finally conquered by the Roman legions in 62 BC, and the area was colonised by Rome, who founded the town of Boutae (later Annecy) in 50 BC. The town was at a strategic crossroads of three Roman roads across the Alps, to Italy, to Geneva, and to Vienna, and grew rapidly to a population of several thousand. Roman villas are found in the surrounding countryside Annecy was attacked by invaders in the post-Roman period, but ...

See also:

Annecy-le-Vieux, Annecy-le-Vieux - Geography, Annecy-le-Vieux - History, Annecy-le-Vieux - Tourism

Read more here: » Annecy-le-Vieux: Encyclopedia II - Annecy-le-Vieux - History

Ideally a pair of binoculars will produce two uniformly sharp images, each of perfect quality, with no errors of geometry or colour-correction and no internal reflections. The two images will be identical (apart from the slightly different viewpoint), with no differences in size, orientation, aberrations, etc. Real binoculars depart to a greater or lesser extent from the ideal. All binoculars should be accurately aligned and collimated, comfortable to use, and robust. Roof-prism models will be lighter and more compact for a given size ...

See also:

Binoculars, Binoculars - Prismatic binoculars, Binoculars - Design details, Binoculars - Optical parameters, Binoculars - Optical construction, Binoculars - Image stabilisation, Binoculars - Maintenance, Binoculars - Choosing binoculars

Read more here: » Binoculars: Encyclopedia II - Binoculars - Choosing binoculars

Aspergilli are highly aerobic organisms and are found in almost all oxygen-rich environments, where they commonly grow as moulds on the surface of a substrate, as a result of the high oxygen tension. Commonly, fungi are grown on carbon-rich substrates, mainly monosaccharides such as glucose. Aspergillus, however, can also secrete amylase enzymes, which allow it to use polysaccharides as a carbon source, for example starch. As a result of this, Aspergillus species are common contaminants of starchy foods, for example bre ...

See also:

Aspergillus, Aspergillus - Growth And Distribution, Aspergillus - Commercial Importance, Aspergillus - Pathogens, Aspergillus - Aspergillosis

Read more here: » Aspergillus: Encyclopedia II - Aspergillus - Growth And Distribution