Main article: Romanticism The "uncouth times that one calls the Middle Ages" (Voltaire) was followed by a revolutionary change in perspective, a change which still exists in large part to this day, and of which we are still the direct heirs. During the later 18th and 19th century the movement known as Romanticism began. One of its practitioners, poet Heinrich Heine, defined Romanticism as "nothing but the reawakening of the poetry of the Middle Ages, as it manifested itself in songs, pictures and works of art, in art and life." ...

See also:

Middle Ages in history, Middle Ages in history - Renaissance, Middle Ages in history - Reformation and Enlightenment, Middle Ages in history - Protestant reformation, Middle Ages in history - Enlightenment, Middle Ages in history - Romantics, Middle Ages in history - Romantic Nationalism, Middle Ages in history - 20th Century

Read more here: » Middle Ages in history: Encyclopedia II - Middle Ages in history - Romantics

See also:

Middle Ages in history, Middle Ages in history - Renaissance, Middle Ages in history - Reformation and Enlightenment, Middle Ages in history - Protestant reformation, Middle Ages in history - Enlightenment, Middle Ages in history - Romantics, Middle Ages in history - Romantic Nationalism, Middle Ages in history - 20th Century

Read more here: » Middle Ages in history: Encyclopedia II - Middle Ages in history - Renaissance

History of science in the Middle Ages - Early Middle Ages. See also: Medieval medicine, Medieval philosophy With the loss of the Western Roman Empire, much of Europe lost contact with the knowledge of the past. While the Byzantine Empire still held learning centers such as Alexandria and Constantinople, Western Europe's knowledge was concentrated in monasteries. Philosophical and scientific teaching of the period was based upon few copies and commentaries of ancient Greek texts that remained in West ...

See also:

History of science in the Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Eastern World, History of science in the Middle Ages - Islamic science, History of science in the Middle Ages - Developments in China, History of science in the Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Western World, History of science in the Middle Ages - Early Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - High Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - Late Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - Links

Read more here: » History of science in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - History of science in the Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Western World

Between 1500 and 1800 the image of the Middle Ages was mostly seen in a negative light, attacked separately or simultaneously, by the three powerful forces of humanism, the Reformation and the Enlightenment. Middle Ages in history - Protestant reformation. Main article: Protestant Reformation During the Protestant Reformations of the 16th and 17th Century, Protestants generally agreed with the humanists view but for additional reasons. They saw classical antiquity as a golden time, not only b ...

See also:

Middle Ages in history, Middle Ages in history - Renaissance, Middle Ages in history - Reformation and Enlightenment, Middle Ages in history - Protestant reformation, Middle Ages in history - Enlightenment, Middle Ages in history - Romantics, Middle Ages in history - Romantic Nationalism, Middle Ages in history - 20th Century

Read more here: » Middle Ages in history: Encyclopedia II - Middle Ages in history - Reformation and Enlightenment

History of science in the Middle Ages - Islamic science. See main article: Islamic science In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some short-lived support by the newly created Arab Caliphate (Empire). With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Islamic scholarship lasted until the 14th century. This scholarship was aided by several factors. The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator. Access to Greek and Roman texts f ...

See also:

History of science in the Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Eastern World, History of science in the Middle Ages - Islamic science, History of science in the Middle Ages - Developments in China, History of science in the Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Western World, History of science in the Middle Ages - Early Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - High Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - Late Middle Ages, History of science in the Middle Ages - Links

Read more here: » History of science in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - History of science in the Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Eastern World

Allegory in the Middle Ages - Late Antiquity. Before the 5th century the traditions of allegorical interpretations were created in a time when rhetorical training was common, when the classics of mythology were still standard teaching texts, when the Greek and Roman pantheon of Gods were still visible forms (if not always fully recognized by the more learned populace), and when the new religions such as Christianity adopted or rejected pagan element ...

See also:

Allegory in the Middle Ages, Allegory in the Middle Ages - Four types of allegory, Allegory in the Middle Ages - History of allegory, Allegory in the Middle Ages - Late Antiquity, Allegory in the Middle Ages - Early Middle Ages, Allegory in the Middle Ages - High and Late Middle Ages

Read more here: » Allegory in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Allegory in the Middle Ages - History of allegory

Around 500 AD, the Roman troops were withdrawing. Some British authors (Nennius, Gildas) mention Britons fleeing to Armorica to escape the invading Anglo-Saxons and Scoti. These Britons gave the region its current name and contributed to the Breton language, Brezhoneg, a sister language to Welsh and Cornish. (Brittany used to be known in English as Little Britain to distinguish it from Great Britain - the street in London called Little Britain w ...

See also:

History of Brittany, History of Brittany - Palaeolithic, History of Brittany - Mesolithic, History of Brittany - Neolithic, History of Brittany - Bronze age, History of Brittany - Iron Age, History of Brittany - Roman rule, History of Brittany - Early Middle Ages, History of Brittany - Middle Ages, History of Brittany - Early modern Brittany, History of Brittany - Modern Times, History of Brittany - Notes, History of Brittany - Sources

Read more here: » History of Brittany: Encyclopedia II - History of Brittany - Early Middle Ages

The phrase the Dark Ages (or Dark Age) is most commonly known in relation to the European Early Middle Ages (from about A.D. 476 to about 1000). This concept of a "Dark Age" was first created by Italian humanists and was originally intended as a sweeping criticism of the character of Late Latin literature. Later historians expanded the term to include not only the lack of Latin literature, but a lack of contemporary written history and material cultural achievements in general. Popular culture has further expanded on the ...

Including:

Dark Ages - The Dark Ages Concept after the Renaissance Dark Ages - Modern academic use Dark Ages - Modern popular use Dark Ages - Quotes Dark Ages - Bibliography Dark Ages - Notes

Read more here: » Dark Ages: Encyclopedia - Dark Ages

Bretons took part in the Revolt of 1173-1174, siding with the rebels against Henry II of England. Henry's son Geoffroy II, then heir apparent to the Duchy of Brittany, resisted his father's attempts to annex Brittany to the possessions of the English Crown. Geoffroy's son Arthur did likewise during his reign (1186-1203) until his death, perhaps by assassination under John Lackland's orders. In 1185, Geoffroy II signed "Count Geoffrey's Assise" which forbade the subdivision of f ...

See also:

History of Brittany, History of Brittany - Palaeolithic, History of Brittany - Mesolithic, History of Brittany - Neolithic, History of Brittany - Bronze age, History of Brittany - Iron Age, History of Brittany - Roman rule, History of Brittany - Early Middle Ages, History of Brittany - Middle Ages, History of Brittany - Early modern Brittany, History of Brittany - Modern Times, History of Brittany - Notes, History of Brittany - Sources

Read more here: » History of Brittany: Encyclopedia II - History of Brittany - Middle Ages

Allegory in the Middle Ages was a vital element in the synthesis of Biblical and Classical traditions into what would become recognizable as Medieval culture. People of the Middle Ages consciously drew from the cultural legacies of the ancient world in shaping their institutions and ideas, and so allegory in Medieval literature and Medieval art was a prime mover for the synthesis and transformational continuity between the ancient world and the "new" Christian world. People of the Middle Ages did not see the same break between themsel ...

Including:

Allegory in the Middle Ages - Four types of allegory Allegory in the Middle Ages - History of allegory
Allegory in the Middle Ages - Late Antiquity Allegory in the Middle Ages - Early Middle Ages Allegory in the Middle Ages - High and Late Middle Ages

Read more here: » Allegory in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia - Allegory in the Middle Ages

In the 7th century, Tunisia was conquered by Arab Muslims and made part of the Umayyad Caliphate. See: Aghlabids, Fatimids, Almohads, Hafsids In the Middle Ages, Tunisia became part of the Ottoman Empire. ...

See also:

History of Tunisia, History of Tunisia - Classical Period, History of Tunisia - Middle Ages, History of Tunisia - Modern history, History of Tunisia - Tunisia since independence

Read more here: » History of Tunisia: Encyclopedia II - History of Tunisia - Middle Ages

The 20th century is not the first to create images of life during medieval times. The Middle Ages ended six centuries ago and each century has imagined, portrayed and depicted the Middle Ages through painting, architecture, poetry, music and novel. In the 20th century, film has defined Medieval history perhaps more so than any other medium. While the conclusions of academic research and findings of archeology have advanced knowledge of the Middle Ages, nothing has had more widespread influence on more people than the images created by film. ...

See also:

Middle Ages in film, Middle Ages in film - Background, Middle Ages in film - Historiography and Historiophoty, Middle Ages in film - Select films

Read more here: » Middle Ages in film: Encyclopedia II - Middle Ages in film - Background

Main article: Middle Ages in history Historians prior to the 20th century wrote about the Middle Ages with a mixture of positive and negative, but mostly negative sentiment. During the Protestant Reformation of the 16th and 17th century, Protestants wrote of it as a period of Catholic corruption. Just as Petrarch's writing was not an attack on Christianity per se—in addition to his humanism he was deeply occupied with the search for God—neither of course was this an attack on Christianity, but the oppo ...

See also:

Dark Ages, Dark Ages - The Dark Ages Concept after the Renaissance, Dark Ages - Modern academic use, Dark Ages - Modern popular use, Dark Ages - Quotes, Dark Ages - Bibliography, Dark Ages - Notes

Read more here: » Dark Ages: Encyclopedia II - Dark Ages - The Dark Ages Concept after the Renaissance

In the Middle Ages, cats were often thought to be witches' familiars (e.g. greymalkin of the first witch in Macbeth's famous opening scene), and during festivities were sometimes burnt alive or thrown off tall buildings. The human killing of cats in the middle ages has also been cited as one of the reasons for the spread of the plague, which was spread by the increased rodent population caused by the death of so many cats. ...

See also:

History of cats, History of cats - Ancient Egypt, History of cats - Vikings, History of cats - Middle Ages, History of cats - Asia, History of cats - Islam, History of cats - Europe, History of cats - Modern times

Read more here: » History of cats: Encyclopedia II - History of cats - Middle Ages

Swimming was initially one of the seven agilities of knights during the Middle Ages, including swimming with armour. However, as swimming was done in a state of undress, it became less popular as society became more conservative, and it was opposed by the church at the end of the Middle Ages. For example, in the 16th century, a German court document in the Vechta prohibited the naked public swimming of ch ...

See also:

History of swimming, History of swimming - Ancient times, History of swimming - Middle Ages to 1800, History of swimming - The Pre-Olympic Era to 1896, History of swimming - The Modern Olympic Era after 1896

Read more here: » History of swimming: Encyclopedia II - History of swimming - Middle Ages to 1800

This is the period from 1066 to around 1500. Following the defeat of the Saxons by the Normans in 1066, various castles were set up in Somerset by the new lords such as that at Dunster. Somerset does not seem to have played much part in the civil war in king Stephen's time but Somerset lords were main players in the murder of Thomas à Becket. A good picture of the county in 1086 is given by Domesday Book, though there is some difficulty in identifying the various places since the "hundreds" are not specified. Farming seems to have pr ...

See also:

History of Somerset, History of Somerset - Key dates in Somerset history, History of Somerset - Prehistory, History of Somerset - Roman, History of Somerset - Dark Age, History of Somerset - Saxon, History of Somerset - Middle Ages, History of Somerset - Early Modern, History of Somerset - Late Modern

Read more here: » History of Somerset: Encyclopedia II - History of Somerset - Middle Ages

Conquered by Muslim Arabs in the 8th century AD. Persian Samanid dynasty established an empire in the 9th century. Samanids brought encouraged Persian culture in the area. Afterwards Samanid empire was overthrown by Turkic Karakhanids. Uzbekistan and rest Central Asia was invaded by Jenghis Khan and his Mongol tribes in 1220. In the 1300s, Timur (1336 - 1405), known in the west as Tamerlane, overpowered the Mongols and built an empire. In his military campaigns Tamerlane reached as far as the Middle East. He defeated Ottoman Emperor Bayazid and rescued Europe from Turkish conquest. In recog ...

See also:

History of Uzbekistan, History of Uzbekistan - Early history, History of Uzbekistan - Middle Ages, History of Uzbekistan - Russian influence, History of Uzbekistan - Independence

Read more here: » History of Uzbekistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Uzbekistan - Middle Ages

The Normans were responsible for building much of Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle following their invasion in 1066. Many of the main settlements of Warwickshire were established in the middle ages as market towns, including Birmingham, Bedworth, Nuneaton, Rugby and Stratford-upon-Avon amongst others. The county was dominated throughout the medieval period by Coventry which became an important centre of wool and textiles trades. Coventry became one of the most important cities in England. In 1451 Coventry became a county corporate in its own r ...

See also:

History of Warwickshire, History of Warwickshire - Ancient history, History of Warwickshire - Anglo-Saxon period, History of Warwickshire - Middle ages, History of Warwickshire - Civil War, History of Warwickshire - Modern period

Read more here: » History of Warwickshire: Encyclopedia II - History of Warwickshire - Middle ages

The Domesday Book documents many Saxon settlements corresponding to modern towns and villages, mostly in the valleys. There have been few changes to the parishes since the Domesday Book. Over the next few centuries the settlers established the pattern of farmland which prevailed into the 19th century, as well as many monasteries, which were important landowners and centres of power. A number of military events took place in Dorset in the 12th century civil war, and this gave rise to the defensive castles at Corfe Castle, Powerstock, W ...

See also:

History of Dorset, History of Dorset - Pre-Roman, History of Dorset - Roman, History of Dorset - Middle ages, History of Dorset - Early Modern, History of Dorset - Modern

Read more here: » History of Dorset: Encyclopedia II - History of Dorset - Middle ages

The earliest settlements in the area of present Vilnius appear to be of mesolithic origin. Numerous archaeological findings in different parts of the city prove that the area has been inhabited by peoples of various cultures since the early Middle Ages. Initially a Baltic settlement, it was also inhabitated by Slavs (the oldest Slavonic name for the city is Крывы горад - The Kryvy City) and, since at least 11th century, by Jews. Some historians identify the city w ...

See also:

History of Vilnius, History of Vilnius - Middle ages, History of Vilnius - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, History of Vilnius - Russian occupation, History of Vilnius - Interwar period, History of Vilnius - Polish-Lithuanian conflict, History of Vilnius - Poland, History of Vilnius - Second World War, History of Vilnius - Soviet occupation, History of Vilnius - Independent Lithuania

Read more here: » History of Vilnius: Encyclopedia II - History of Vilnius - Middle ages