Phonetics are in IPA. Mid Ulster English - Vowels. Vowels have phonemic vowel length with one set of lexically long and one of lexically short phonemes. This may be variously inluenced by the Scots system. /a/ in after /w/ e.g. want, what, quality. /ɑ/ and See also:

Mid Ulster English, Mid Ulster English - Phonology, Mid Ulster English - Vowels, Mid Ulster English - Consonants, Mid Ulster English - Vocabulary

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Ulster (Irish: Cúige Uladh, IPA: /ˈkuːgʲ ˈulu/) is one of the four provinces of Ireland. Ulster - Geography and demographics. Ulster has a population of just under 2 million people and an area of 24,481 square kilometres (8,952 square miles). Its biggest city is Belfast (Béal Feirste). Six of Ulster's nine counties, Antrim (Aontroim), Armagh (Ard Mhacha), Down (An Dún), Fermanagh (Fear Manach), Lond ...

Including:

• Ulster - Geography and demographics
• Ulster - History and politics
• Ulster - Early history
• Ulster - Plantations and civil wars
• Ulster - Republicanism rebellion and communal strife
• Ulster - Industrialisation home rule and partition
• Ulster - Current politics
• Ulster - Sport

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The Irish language has no words which directly translate as "yes" or "no", instead the verb in a question is repeated in an answer. People in Ireland have a tendency to repeat the verb, positively or negatively, instead of using "yes" or "no." "Are you finished debugging that software?" "I am." "Is your mobile charged?" "It isn't." Alternatively, it is common for Irish English-speakers to use the word "aye" as a weak form of "yes" (somewhat akin to "sure" or "yeah"). "It's getting late, is it?" "Aye, it is." or " It is, aye. ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English and Norman French usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

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The phonemic inventory of Ulster Irish (based on the accent of Gweedore) is as shown in the following chart (based on Ní Chasaide 1999; see International Phonetic Alphabet for an explanation of the symbols). Symbols appearing in the upper half of each row are velarized (traditionally called "broad" consonants) while those in the bottom half are palatalized ("slender"). The consonants /h, n, l/ are neither broad or slender. The vowels of Ulster Irish are as shown on the following chart. These positions are only approximate, as vowels are strongly influenced by the palatalization a ...

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Ulster Irish, Ulster Irish - Lexicon, Ulster Irish - Phonology, Ulster Irish - Morphology, Ulster Irish - Initial mutations, Ulster Irish - Verbs, Ulster Irish - Particles, Ulster Irish - Syntax

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Ulster - Early history. Ulster is one of the four Irish provinces. Its name derives from the Irish language Cúige Uladh (pronounced "KOO-gi OO-lah"), meaning "Province (literally 'fifth') of the Ulaid," named for the ancient inhabitants of the region.[1] The Irish Uladh with the addition of the Old Norse ster, meaning "province," yields "Uladh Ster" or, in English, "Ulster." The province's early history extends further back than written records and is known only by legends such as the ...

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Ulster, Ulster - Geography and demographics, Ulster - History and politics, Ulster - Early history, Ulster - Plantations and civil wars, Ulster - Republicanism rebellion and communal strife, Ulster - Industrialisation home rule and partition, Ulster - Current politics, Ulster - Sport

Read more here: » Ulster: Encyclopedia II - Ulster - History and politics

The Irish language has no words which directly translate as "yes" or "no", instead the verb in a question is repeated in an answer. People in Ireland have a tendency to repeat the verb, positively or negatively, instead of using "yes" or "no." "Are you finished debugging that software?" "I am." "Is your mobile charged?" "It isn't." Alternatively, it is common for Irish English-speakers to use the word "aye" as a weak form of "yes" (somewhat akin to "sure" or "yeah"). "It's getting late, is it?" "Aye, it is." or " It is, aye. ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

Read more here: » Hiberno-English: Encyclopedia II - Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish

Ulster Irish - Initial mutations. Ulster Irish has the same two initial mutations, lenition and eclipsis, as the other two dialects and the standard language, and mostly uses them the same way. There is, however, one exception: in Ulster, a dative singular noun after the definite article is lenited (e.g. ar an chrann "on the tree"), whereas in Connacht and Munster, it is eclipsed (ar an gcrann). Both possibilities are allowed for in the standard language. ...

See also:

Ulster Irish, Ulster Irish - Lexicon, Ulster Irish - Phonology, Ulster Irish - Morphology, Ulster Irish - Initial mutations, Ulster Irish - Verbs, Ulster Irish - Particles, Ulster Irish - Syntax

Read more here: » Ulster Irish: Encyclopedia II - Ulster Irish - Morphology

British English (BrE) is a term used to differentiate the form of the English language used in the United Kingdom from other forms of the English language used elsewhere. It includes all the varieties of English used within Britain, including England, but also Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. It is perhaps important to understand that there is no formal definition of British English other than English as used in Great Britain. As with many other aspects of British culture, the language is governed by convent ...

Including:

• British English - -ise versus -ize

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The Ulster dialect contains many words not used in other dialects, or used otherwise only in County Mayo. In other cases, a semantic shift has resulted in quite different meanings attaching to the same word in Ulster Irish and in other dialects. Some of these words include: amharc, 'look" (elsewhere féach) bomaite, "minute" (elsewhere nóiméad) cluinim "I hear" (southern cloisim) eallach "cattle" (southern beithígh) gamhain "cal ...

See also:

Ulster Irish, Ulster Irish - Lexicon, Ulster Irish - Phonology, Ulster Irish - Morphology, Ulster Irish - Initial mutations, Ulster Irish - Verbs, Ulster Irish - Particles, Ulster Irish - Syntax

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The Ulster dialect uses the present tense of the subjunctive mood in certain cases where other dialects prefer to use the future indicative: Suigh síos anseo ag mo thaobh, a Shéimí, go dtuga mé comhairle duit agus go n-insí mé mo scéal duit. Sit down here by my side, Séimí, til I give you some advice and tell you my story. The verbal noun can be used in subordinate clauses with a subject different from that of the main clause: Ba mhaith liom thú a ghoil ann. < ...

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Ulster Irish, Ulster Irish - Lexicon, Ulster Irish - Phonology, Ulster Irish - Morphology, Ulster Irish - Initial mutations, Ulster Irish - Verbs, Ulster Irish - Particles, Ulster Irish - Syntax

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Amn't is used as an abbreviation of "am not", by analogy with "isn't" and "aren't". This can be used as a tag question ("I'm making a mistake, amn't I?"), or as an alternative to "I'm not" ("I amn't joking"), and the double negative is also used ("I'm not late, amn't I not?"). Arra is used also. Arra tends to be used after something bad has happened, when someone is looking on the bright side ("Arra, we'll go ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English and Norman French usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

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In old-fashioned usage, "it is" can be freely abbreviated "'tis", even as a standalone sentence. This also allows the double contraction "'tisn't", for "it is not". The word "ye" or "yous", otherwise archaic, is still used in place of "you" for the second-person plural. The verb "mitch" is common in Ireland, indicating being truant from school. This word appears in Shakespeare, but is seldom heard these days in British English, although pockets of usage persist in some areas (notably South Wales, Dev ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

Read more here: » Hiberno-English: Encyclopedia II - Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English usage

Amn't is used as an abbreviation of "am not", by analogy with "isn't" and "aren't". This can be used as a tag question ("I'm making a mistake, amn't I?"), or as an alternative to "I'm not" ("I amn't joking"), and the double negative is also used ("I'm not late, amn't I not?"). Arra is used also. Arra tends to be used after something bad has happened, when someone is looking on the bright side ("Arra, we'll go ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

Read more here: » Hiberno-English: Encyclopedia II - Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase

Ulster has a population of just under 2 million people and an area of 24,481 square kilometres (8,952 square miles). Its biggest city is Belfast (Béal Feirste). Six of Ulster's nine counties, Antrim (Aontroim), Armagh (Ard Mhacha), Down (An Dún), Fermanagh (Fear Manach), Londonderry (Doire) and Tyrone (Tír Eoghain), form Northern Ireland, and remained in the United Kingdom after the rest of Ireland seceded. Some unionists refer to Northern Ireland as "Ulster", but that usage is contr ...

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Ulster, Ulster - Geography and demographics, Ulster - History and politics, Ulster - Early history, Ulster - Plantations and civil wars, Ulster - Republicanism rebellion and communal strife, Ulster - Industrialisation home rule and partition, Ulster - Current politics, Ulster - Sport

Read more here: » Ulster: Encyclopedia II - Ulster - Geography and demographics

In Rugby union, the Ulster branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union plays as a professional club in the Celtic League, along with clubs from Wales, Scotland and the professional clubs from the other Irish Provinces (Leinster, Munster and Connacht). Association football (soccer) is divided by the border since 1921: there is a Northern Ireland (international) team, but not an Ulster team; there are separate football championships (Irish League in Northern Ireland, League of Ireland in the rest of Ulster). Anomalously, Derry City F.C. has played in t ...

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Ulster, Ulster - Geography and demographics, Ulster - History and politics, Ulster - Early history, Ulster - Plantations and civil wars, Ulster - Republicanism rebellion and communal strife, Ulster - Industrialisation home rule and partition, Ulster - Current politics, Ulster - Sport

Read more here: » Ulster: Encyclopedia II - Ulster - Sport

In old-fashioned usage, "it is" can be freely abbreviated "'tis", even as a standalone sentence. This also allows the double contraction "'tisn't", for "it is not". The word "ye", "yis" or "yous", otherwise archaic, is still used in place of "you" for the second-person plural. "Ye'r" "Yisser" or "Yousser" are the possessive forms, e.g. "What's yisser weather like over in France this time o' the year?" The verb "mitch" is common in Ireland, indicating being truant from school. This word appears in Shakespeare, but is seldom heard these days in British English, al ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English and Norman French usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

Read more here: » Hiberno-English: Encyclopedia II - Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English and Norman French usage

A number of bodies have been established to oversee the promotion of the regional languages: in Scotland, Bòrd na Gàidhlig oversees Scottish Gaelic. Foras na Gaeilge has an all-Ireland remit as a cross-border language body, and Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch is intended to fulfil a similar function for Ulster Scots, although hitherto it has mainly concerned itself with culture. In Wales, the Welsh Language Board has a statutory role in agreeing Welsh language plans with official bodies. Kesva an Taves Kernewek, the Cornish Language Board, has local g ...

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Languages in the United Kingdom, Languages in the United Kingdom - Statistics, Languages in the United Kingdom - Status, Languages in the United Kingdom - Controversies, Languages in the United Kingdom - Languages in the United Kingdom, Languages in the United Kingdom - Native, Languages in the United Kingdom - Immigrant, Languages in the United Kingdom - Historic, Languages in the United Kingdom - Other official languages, Languages in the United Kingdom - Languages of Channel Islands and Isle of Man

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Scots, mainly Gaelic-speaking, had been settling in Ulster since the 1400s, but large numbers of Scots-speaking Lowlanders, some 200,000, arrived during the 17th century following the 1610 Plantation, with the peak reached during the 1690s. In the core areas of Scots settlement, Scots outnumbered English settlers by five or six to one. Lowland Scots in Ulster has been influenced by contact with Hiberno-English, Mid Ulster English and Irish. Mid Ulster English, the dialect of most people in Ulster, including those in the two main citie ...

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Ulster Scots language, Ulster Scots language - History, Ulster Scots language - Ullans, Ulster Scots language - Hiberno-Scots, Ulster Scots language - Who speaks it, Ulster Scots language - Legal status, Ulster Scots language - Heritage, Ulster Scots language - Pronunciation, Ulster Scots language - Literature

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In linguistics, the cot-caught merger (also known as the low back merger) is a phonemic merger, a sound change, that occurs in some varieties of English. The merger occurs in some accents of Scottish English (Wells 1982, 400) and to some extent in Mid Ulster English (Wells 1982, 443), but is best known as a phenomenon of many varieties of North American English. The sound change causes the vowel in words like cot, rock, and doll to be pronounced the same as the vowel in the words caught, ta ...

See also:

Phonological history of the low back vowels, Phonological history of the low back vowels - Father-bother merger, Phonological history of the low back vowels - Lot-cloth split, Phonological history of the low back vowels - Cot-caught merger

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Main article: British English English accents and dialects vary more widely within the UK itself than they do in other parts of the world owing to the longer history of the language within the nations of the UK. Regional accents of English speakers - England. Main article: English English The main accent groupings within England are between the north and south; the dividing line runs roughly from Shrewsbury to south of Birmingham and then to The Wash. The prestige accent in Engl ...

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Regional accents of English speakers, Regional accents of English speakers - British Isles, Regional accents of English speakers - England, Regional accents of English speakers - Scotland, Regional accents of English speakers - Wales, Regional accents of English speakers - Ireland, Regional accents of English speakers - North America, Regional accents of English speakers - Canada, Regional accents of English speakers - United States, Regional accents of English speakers - West Indies and Bermuda, Regional accents of English speakers - Southern Hemisphere, Regional accents of English speakers - Australia, Regional accents of English speakers - New Zealand, Regional accents of English speakers - South Atlantic, Regional accents of English speakers - Southern Africa, Regional accents of English speakers - Asia, Regional accents of English speakers - Hong Kong, Regional accents of English speakers - Indian Subcontinent, Regional accents of English speakers - Malaysia and Singapore, Regional accents of English speakers - Philippines

Read more here: » Regional accents of English speakers: Encyclopedia II - Regional accents of English speakers - British Isles