Encyclopedia - Microbiology: Encyclopedia - Microbiology
Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including viruses, viroids, prions, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clinical Microbiology: Encyclopedia - Clinical Microbiology
This chapter deals with the basic mechanisms of microbiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases. There are endogenous infections cau...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Microbiology: Oceanography Dictionary - Microbiology
  Definition and meaning of microbiology:   microbiology - the study of organisms that can be seen only with the aid of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amoxicillin: Encyclopedia Ii - Amoxicillin - Microbiology
Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum antibiotic active against a wide range of Gram-positive, and a limited range of Gram-negative organism...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Salmonella: Encyclopedia Ii - Salmonella - Microbiology
Salmonella are Gram negative bacteria. In a clinical laboratory, they are usually grown isolated on blood agar, CLED agar, XLD agar or DC...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Salmonella: Encyclopedia Ii - Salmonella - Microbiology
Salmonella are Gram negative bacteria. In a clinical laboratory, they are usually grown isolated on blood agar, CLED agar, XLD agar or DC...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Staphylococcus Aureus: Encyclopedia Ii - Staphylococcus Aureus - Microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus appears as a Gram-positive coccus, in grape-like clusters when viewed through a microscope and as large, round, gol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyme Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyme Disease - Microbiology
The disease is caused by the parasite Borrelia, which has well over three hundred known genomic strains but is usually cultured as Borrel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agar: Encyclopedia - Agar
Agar is a galactose polymer (or agarose) obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae or seaweed (Sphaerococcus euchema) and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Microorganism: Encyclopedia - Microorganism
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). Microorganisms are often ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Germ: Encyclopedia - Germ
Germ is an informal term for a disease-causing organism, particularly bacteria (as in germ warfare). One of the first people to postulate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Culture: Encyclopedia - Blood Culture
Blood culture is microbiological culture of blood. It is employed to detect infections that are spreading through the bloodstream (bacter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Test: Encyclopedia - Blood Test
Blood tests are laboratory tests done on blood to gain an appreciation of disease states and the function of organs. Since blood flows th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amoxicillin: Encyclopedia - Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin (2S,5R,6R)-6-[(R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sterilization: Encyclopedia - Sterilization
Sterilization can mean: Sterilization (surgical procedure) - an operation which renders an animal or human unable to procreate Steriliza...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carl Woese: Encyclopedia - Carl Woese
Carl Richard Woese is an American microbiologist famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1976 by phylogeneti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flora: Encyclopedia - Flora
Flora may refer to: Flora (goddess), a goddess in Roman mythology Flora (plants), a collective term for plant life; as distinct from fau...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geobiology: Encyclopedia - Geobiology
Broadly defined, geobiology is an interdisciplinary field of scientific research that explores interactions between the biosphere and lit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Unobservables: Encyclopedia - Unobservables
Unobservables are entities whose existence, nature, properties, qualities or relations are not observable. In the philosophy of science t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vortex Mixer: Encyclopedia - Vortex Mixer
A Vortex Mixer is a simple device used most commonly in cell culture and microbiology laboratories to suspend cells, although it can be u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Germ Theory Of Disease: Encyclopedia - Germ Theory Of Disease
The germ theory of disease, also called the pathogenic theory of medicine, is a theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A1 Broth: Encyclopedia - A1 Broth
An A1 broth is a liquid culture medium used in microbiology for the detection of fecal coliforms in foods, treated wastewater and seawate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clinical Microbiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Clinical Microbiology - Definitions
An infection is the invasion, settlement and proliferation of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) in a host organism. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sterilization Microbiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Sterilization Microbiology - Heat Sterilization
Sterilization microbiology - Autoclaves. A widely-used method for heat sterilization is the autoclave. Autoclaves commonly use steam he...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sterilization Microbiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Sterilization Microbiology - Chemical Sterilization
Chemicals are also used for sterilization. Although heating provides the most effective way to rid an object of all transmissible agents,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sterilization Microbiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Sterilization Microbiology - Heat Sterilization
Sterilization microbiology - Non-domestic Sterilization - Autoclaves. Probably the most widely used method for heat sterilization is th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sterilization Microbiology: Encyclopedia Ii - Sterilization Microbiology - Chemical Sterilization
Chemicals are also used for sterilization. Although heating provides the most effective way to rid an object of all transmissible agents,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agar: Encyclopedia Ii - Agar - Uses In Microbiology
Nutrient agar is used throughout the world as a medium for the growth of bacteria and fungi, but not viruses. Though less than 1% of all ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Microorganism: Encyclopedia Ii - Microorganism - Habitats And Ecology
Microorganisms are found everywhere in nature. Even in hostile environments, like the poles, deserts, geysers, rocks, and the deep sea, s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Microorganism: Encyclopedia Ii - Microorganism - Habitats And Ecology
Microorganisms are found everywhere in nature. Even in hostile environments, like the poles, deserts, geysers, rocks, and the deep sea, s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infectious Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Infectious Disease - Diagnosis And Therapy
The field of infectious diseases also occupies itself with the diagnosis and therapy of infection. Infectious disease - Diagnosis. Diag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Culture - Method
About 30 ml of blood is taken through venipuncture and injected into two "blood bottles" with specific media for aerobic and anaerobic or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infection Control: Encyclopedia Ii - Infection Control - Prevention Of Infection In The Health Care Setting
Infection control - Hand Hygiene. Since the days of Ignaz Semmelweis, hand washing has been known to decrease the transmission of infec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infection Control: Encyclopedia Ii - Infection Control - Training In Infection Control And Health Care Epidemiology
Practitioners can come from several different educational streams. Many begin as nurses, some as medical technologists (particularly in c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Omphalitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Omphalitis - Clinical Manifestations
Like many bacterial infections, omphalitis is more common in those patients who have a weakened or deficient immune system or who are hos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bacterial Meningitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bacterial Meningitis - Symptoms And Signs
The classic symptoms of bacterial meningitis are similar to those of other forms of meningitis, including fever, headache, light sensitiv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Staphylococcus Aureus: Encyclopedia Ii - Staphylococcus Aureus - Antibiotic Sensitivity
S. aureus has become resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Up to 20% of all Staphylococcus isolates are resistant to penicillin, w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Test - Blood Chemistry Tests
The CHEM-7 test is a battery of blood chemistry tests. The seven parts of a CHEM-7 include tests for: Four electrolytes: sodium [1] pot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Culture - Uses
Any infection causing fever may prompt hospital physicians to request blood cultures. Identifying the agent may aid in choosing the corre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Staphylococcus Aureus: Encyclopedia Ii - Staphylococcus Aureus - Role In Disease
The Staphylococcus lives as a commensal on the skin and in the nose of humans and animals, as well as in the environment. It can infect o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amoxicillin: Encyclopedia Ii - Amoxicillin - Mode Of Action
Amoxicillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amoxicillin: Encyclopedia Ii - Amoxicillin - Amoxicillin And Clavulanic Acid
Amoxicillin is sometimes combined with clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, to increase the spectrum of action against Gram-negativ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia - Prevention
Prevention of VAP involves limiting exposure to resistant bacteria, discontinuing mechanical ventilation as soon as possible, and a varie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia - Pathophysiology
VAP primarily occurs because the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube allows free passage of bacteria into the lower segments of the lung in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia - Treatment
Treatment of VAP should be matched with a known causative bacteria. However, when VAP is first suspected, the bacteria causing infection ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia - Diagnosis
VAP should be suspected in any person with symptoms of VAP, increasing numbers of white blood cells on blood testing, and new shadows (in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyme Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyme Disease - History
The disease was first documented as a skin rash in Europe in 1883. Over the years, researchers there identified additional features of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood Test - Large Organic Molecules
Blood test - proteins. Protein electrophoresis (general technique -- not a specific test) Western blot (general technique -- not a spe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyme Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyme Disease - Transmission
In Europe, Ixodes ricinus, known commonly as the sheep tick, castor bean tick, or European castor bean tick is the transmitter. In North ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyme Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyme Disease - Symptoms
Lyme disease has many symptoms, but skin symptoms, arthritis and various neurological symptoms are usually present. Conventional therapy ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyme Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyme Disease - Diagnosis
The most reliable method of diagnosing Lyme disease is a clinical exam by an experienced practitioner. Supportive data by laboratory test...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyme Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyme Disease - Prevention
The best prevention involves avoiding areas in which ticks are found and can reduce the probability of contracting Lyme disease. If such ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Medical History
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Chest X-ray
In active pulmonary TB, infiltrates or consolidations and/or cavities are often seen in the upper lungs with or without mediastinal or hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Laboratory
QuantiFERON-TB Gold is a blood test that measures the patient’s immune reactivity to the TB bacteria and is useful for initial and seri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Full Blood Count
Although a full blood count is never diagnostic, normocytic anemia and lymphopenia are common. Neutrophilia is rarely found. Urea and ele...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Classification Of Tuberculin Reaction
An induration (palpable raised hardened area of skin) of more than 5-15 mm (depending upon the person's risk factors) to 10 Mantoux units...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - University Of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - University Of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine - Departments Of The School Of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine - Basic Science. Biochemistry and Biophysics Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cancer Biolo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuberculosis Diagnosis - Bcg Vaccine And Tuberculin Skin Test
Tuberculin skin testing is not contraindicated for BCG-vaccinated persons. Latent TB infection (LTBI) diagnosis and treatment for LTBI is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flora Plants: Encyclopedia Ii - Flora Plants - Flora Work
Traditionally floras are books, but some are now published on CD-ROM or websites. The area that a flora covers may be either geographical...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infectious Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Infectious Disease - Basics
Infectious diseases are mostly caused by tiny microorganisms, often called microbes, that are invisible to the naked eye. Microbes that c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Kelly: Encyclopedia Ii - David Kelly - Biography
Kelly was born in the Rhondda in Wales. He graduated from Leeds University with a BSc, followed by an MSc at the University of Birmingham...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Psychophysics
List of publications in biology - Tracking an object through feature space. Blaser E, Pylyshyn ZW, Holcombe AO. Tracking an object thr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Xenobiology
List of publications in biology - Evolving the Alien: The Science of Extraterrestrial Life. Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart Description: I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Kelly: Encyclopedia Ii - David Kelly - Biography
Kelly was born in the Rhondda in Wales. He graduated from Leeds University with a BSc, followed by an MSc at the University of Birmingham...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Paleontology
List of publications in biology - Tempo and Mode in Evolution. George Gaylord Simpson Columbia University Press, 1944 Importance: ....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Anatomy
List of publications in biology - Gray's Anatomy. Henry Gray Henry Gray, Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, 1858. Online version ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Phylogenetics
List of publications in biology - Phylogenetic Systematics. Willi Hennig University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1966. Description: Thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infectious Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Infectious Disease - Mortality From Infectious Diseases
The World Health Organization collects information on global deaths by International Classification of Disease (ICD) code categories. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Psychiatry
List of publications in biology - The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct. Dr. Thomas Szasz 1960 Text ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soil Science: Encyclopedia Ii - Soil Science - Soil Science Practice
Academically, soil scientists tend to be drawn to one of five areas of specialization: microbiology, pedology, edaphology, physics or che...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Psychobiology
List of publications in biology - Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Wilson, E. O Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belkna...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Origin Of Life
List of publications in biology - Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth. Andrew H. Knoll 2003, P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Elizabeth Blackburn: Encyclopedia Ii - Elizabeth Blackburn - Awards
Elected: President of the American Society for Cell Biology for the year 1998 Fellow of: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1991)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Systems Biology
List of publications in biology - The Future and Limits of Systems Biology. Werner, E. Science STKE, 2005, pe16. Online version. Desc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Taxonomy
List of publications in biology - Systema Naturae. Carolus Linnaeus First published 1735 Description: With this publication Linneaus ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Zoology
List of publications in biology - History of Animals. Aristotle 350 BC The history of animals Description: A work in which Aristotle ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Botany
Species Plantarum, 1753 Carolus Linnaeus online at gallica Description : a two-volume work, going through many editions (ever expa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Cell Biology
List of publications in biology - Molecular Biology of the Cell. Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Robe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Cognitive Neuroscience
List of publications in biology - The organization of behavior. Donald O. Hebb New York: Wiley, 1989 Description: Importance: List ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Developmental Biology
List of publications in biology - Genomic Regulatory Systems: Development and Evolution. E. H. Davidson Genomic Regulatory Systems: De...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Evolutionary Developmental Biology
List of publications in biology - The Evolution of Individuality. Leo W. Buss 1987, The Evolution of Individuality, Princeton Universi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Genetics
List of publications in biology - Experiments on Plant Hybridization. Gregor Mendel Proceedings of the Natural History Society, 1866. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Molecular Biology
List of publications in biology - DNA Sequencing with Chain-Terminating Inhibitors. Frederick Sanger, S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Virus: Encyclopedia Ii - Virus - Origins And Beginnings
The origins of viruses are not entirely clear and there may not be a single mechanism that can account for all viruses. Some of the small...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pasteur Institute: Encyclopedia Ii - Pasteur Institute - Research Centers
The Pasteur Institute Paris has twelve research departments: Structural biology and Chemistry Structure and Dynamic of Genomes Fundament...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Virus: Encyclopedia Ii - Virus - Origins And Beginnings
The origins of viruses are not entirely clear and there may not be a single mechanism that can account for all viruses. Some of the small...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Virus: Encyclopedia Ii - Virus - Lifeform Debate
A virus makes use of existing host enzymes and other molecules of a host cell to create more virus particles (virions). Some viruses enco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Virus: Encyclopedia Ii - Virus - Study And Applications
Virus - Exploring basic cellular processes. Viruses are important to the study of molecular and cellular biology because they provide s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Feces: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Feces - Laboratory Testing Of Feces
In the medical profession, feces are referred to as stools. This comes from the Anglo-Saxon word stol, which means "seat". The word stool...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Biology: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Biology - Evolutionary Biology
List of publications in biology - Histoire Naturelle. Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon 1749-1788 Description: Until the publica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nanobacterium: Encyclopedia Ii - Nanobacterium - 1998-2000 Claims
Nanobacterium sanguineum was proposed in 1998 as an explanation of certain kinds of pathologic calcification (apatite in kidney stones) b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Virus: Encyclopedia Ii - Virus - Etymology
The word is from the Latin virus referring to poison and other noxious things, first loaned into English in 1392. Virulent, from Latin vi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Virus: Encyclopedia Ii - Virus - Etymology
The word is from the Latin virus referring to poison and other noxious things, first used in English in 1392. Virulent, from Latin virule...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ringworm: Encyclopedia Ii - Ringworm - Symptoms And Diagnosis
The most well known sign of ringworm is the appearance of one or more red raised itchy patches with defined edges. These patches are ofte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Replicant: Encyclopedia Ii - Replicant - Origin
Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? which inspired Blade Runner used the term android (andy), but director Ridley...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ringworm: Encyclopedia Ii - Ringworm - Symptoms And Diagnosis
The best known sign of ringworm is the appearance of one or more red raised itchy patches with defined edges. These patches are often lig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - N44982: Encyclopedia Ii - N44982 - Background
The first public mention of the Gulfstream appeared six weeks after 11 September 2001, when a Pakistani newspaper reported that a Yemeni ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Biosphere - Earth's Biosphere
Some theorists have postulated that the Earth is poorly suited to life, although nearly every part of the planet, from the polar ice caps...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Garrett Hardin: Encyclopedia Ii - Garrett Hardin - Biography
Hardin received a B.S. in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1936 and a PhD in microbiology from Stanford University in 1941. Movi...   » Read the article