Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family: Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family
The Apple II, one of the very first personal computers, is widely seen as the founding pioneer and literal grandfather of the personal co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amiga Old File System: Encyclopedia Ii - Amiga Old File System - Characteristics
Amiga uses MFM encoding/decoding by default when handling floppy disks. There are 80 cylinders on an Amiga floppy disk. Each cylinder has...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Mechanics
A hard disk uses rigid rotating platters (disks). Each platter has a planar magnetic surface on which digital data may be stored. Informa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amstrad Cpc: Encyclopedia Ii - Amstrad Cpc - Hardware Description
All CPC models were based on a Zilog Z80 processor clocked at 4 MHz. Because a common pool of RAM is shared with the video circuits, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Commodore 1541: Encyclopedia Ii - Commodore 1541 - The Serial Computer Interface
The 1541 used a bit-serial version of the IEEE-488 interface, the speedier parallel version of which was used on Commodore's earlier driv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Disk Formatting: Encyclopedia Ii - Disk Formatting - Formatting A Floppy Disk
Disk formatting - Low-level formatting. Warning: The below information on low-level formatting of floppy disks may be technically incor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Logical Block Addressing: Encyclopedia Ii - Logical Block Addressing - The Lba Scheme
LBA is a particularly simple addressing scheme; blocks are simply located by an index, with the first block being LBA=0, the second LBA=1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pyongyang: Encyclopedia Ii - Pyongyang - History
According to legend, the city was founded in 2333 BC as Wanggŏmsŏng (왕검성; 王儉城). It became a major city under the Go-Joseon ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quarter Inch Cartridge: Encyclopedia Ii - Quarter Inch Cartridge - Qic
The first QIC tapes were the 5.875 in by 3.875 in Data Cartridge (DC) format with two internal belt-driven reels and a metal base. They w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Mechanics
A hard disk uses rigid rotating platters (disks). Each platter has a planar magnetic surface on which digital data may be stored. Informa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Original Amiga Chipset: Encyclopedia Ii - Original Amiga Chipset - Agnus
The central aspect of the chipset's power is that all operations are synchronised with the output of the video beam. This includes access...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family: Encyclopedia Ii - Apple Ii Family - The Family Grows
Apple II family - Apple II Plus. The Apple II was eventually superseded by the Apple II Plus, which included the Applesoft BASIC progra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Manufacturers
Most of the world's hard disks are now manufactured by just a handful of large firms: Seagate, Maxtor (now owned by Seagate), Western Dig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Commodore 1541: Encyclopedia Ii - Commodore 1541 - The Drive Head Misalignment Issue
The drive-head mechanism was notoriously easy to misalign, and had a tendency to make a 'machine-gun' rattle when out of alignment or whe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Commodore 1541: Encyclopedia Ii - Commodore 1541 - Copy Protection By Read Error
Early copy prevention schemes deliberately introduced read errors on the disk, the software refusing to load unless the correct error mes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Timeline Of Capacity And Other Technical Improvements
Hard disk - 1950s. 1956 - first commercial hard disk, the IBM 350 RAMAC disk drive, 5 megabyte. Hard disk - 1960s. Hard disk - 197...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quarter Inch Cartridge: Encyclopedia Ii - Quarter Inch Cartridge - Pros And Cons
Using a belt drive means that the speed the belt was moved at was equal to the speed the tape would move at. This is in contrast to casse...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Original Amiga Chipset: Encyclopedia Ii - Original Amiga Chipset - Denise
Denise controls the video timings, but can also synchronise to an external video signal. Denise is programmed to fetch planar video data ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Commodore 1541: Encyclopedia Ii - Commodore 1541 - Versions And Third-party Clones
There were two versions of the 1541 mechanics. Early models used a drive mechanism made by Alps Electric, distinguishable by its push-dow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - History
The first hard disk drive was the IBM 350 Disk File, invented by Reynold Johnson and introduced in 1955 with the IBM 305 computer. This d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Manufacturers
Most of the world's hard disks are now manufactured by just a handful of large firms: Seagate, Maxtor (now owned by Seagate), Western Dig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Addressing Modes
There are two modes of addressing the data blocks on more recent hard disks. The older mode is CHS addressing (Cylinder-Head-Sector), use...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Access And Interfaces
A hard disk is generally accessed over one of a number of bus types, including ATA (IDE, EIDE), Serial ATA, SCSI, SAS, FireWire (aka IEEE...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Timeline Of Capacity And Other Technical Improvements
Hard disk - 1950s. 1956 - first commercial hard disk, the IBM 350 RAMAC disk drive, 5 megabyte. Hard disk - 1960s. Hard disk - 197...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amstrad Cpc: Encyclopedia Ii - Amstrad Cpc - The Amstrad Cpc Vs. Its Competitors
Since the Amstrad CPC was specifically built to compete with the ZX Spectrum and C64, and was a relatively late entrant into the 1980s 8-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Manufacturers
Most of the world's hard disks are now manufactured by just a handful of large firms: Seagate, Maxtor (now owned by Seagate), Western Dig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - History
The first hard disk drive was the IBM 350 Disk File, invented by Reynold Johnson and introduced in 1955 with the IBM 305 computer. This d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Timeline Of Capacity And Other Technical Improvements
Hard disk - 1950s. 1956 - first commercial hard disk, the IBM 350 RAMAC disk drive, 5 megabyte. Hard disk - 1960s. Hard disk - 197...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Addressing Modes
There are two modes of addressing the data blocks on more recent hard disks. The older mode is CHS addressing (Cylinder-Head-Sector), use...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hard Disk: Encyclopedia Ii - Hard Disk - Access And Interfaces
A hard disk is generally accessed over one of a number of bus types, including ATA (IDE, EIDE), Serial ATA, SCSI, SAS, FireWire (aka IEEE...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family: Encyclopedia Ii - Apple Ii Family - Clones
Like the IBM PC, the Apple II was frequently cloned, both in the United States and abroad. According to some sources (see below), there w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family: Encyclopedia Ii - Apple Ii Family - General
Apple II family - Apple II media. The Disk II floppy drive used 5¼-inch floppy disks. The first disk operating systems for the Apple I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pyongyang: Encyclopedia Ii - Pyongyang - Landmarks
The capital has been completely rebuilt since the Korean War (1950–1953). It is designed with wide avenues, imposing monuments, and mon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pyongyang: Encyclopedia Ii - Pyongyang - Transportation
Pyongyang has a two-line underground metro system which has a length of 22.5 km. There is also a tram and trolleybus service. There are n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family: Encyclopedia Ii - Apple Ii Family - History
Apple II family - The original Apple II. The first Apple II computers went on sale on June 5, 1977 with a MOS Technology 6502 microproc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amstrad Cpc: Encyclopedia Ii - Amstrad Cpc - Hardware Tricks On The Cpc Series
Simple reprogramming of the Motorola 6845 CRTC could produce extended graphics modes up to 784×384 pixels through overscan. Careful timi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apple Ii Family: Encyclopedia Ii - Apple Ii Family - Clones
Like the IBM PC, the Apple II was frequently cloned, both in the United States and abroad. According to some sources (see below), more th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amstrad Cpc: Encyclopedia Ii - Amstrad Cpc - Software
Amstrad CPC - Built-in BASIC and operating system. Like most home computers at the time, the CPC had its OS and a BASIC interpreter bui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amstrad Cpc: Encyclopedia Ii - Amstrad Cpc - The Cpc Family
Amstrad CPC - The Amstrad CPC 464 472 664 6128. The original CPC was sold in the following configurations: CPC 464 – Tape deck, 64 K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amiga Old File System: Encyclopedia Ii - Amiga Old File System - History
Originally known as Amiga File System, the filesystem itself was very similar to that of Xerox Alto Filesystem. Development was from 1982...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amstrad Cpc: Encyclopedia Ii - Amstrad Cpc - The Amstrad Cpc Sold As A Complete System
Amstrad initially promoted the CPC as being an improvement on the competing ZX Spectrum and C64 because it was a complete system - includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Commodore 1541: Encyclopedia Ii - Commodore 1541 - Introduction And Early Problems
Priced at under US$400 at its introduction, the 1541 became widely popular. Although expensive by today's standards, a C64 plus a 1541 co...   » Read the article