Metz

In ancient times Metz, then known as Divodurum (the town at the holy mountain), was the capital of the Celtic Mediomatrici, and the name of this tribe, contracted into Mettis, formed the origin of the present name. At the beginning of the Common Era, the site was already occupied by the Romans. Metz became one of the principal towns of Gallia, more populated than Lutetia, rich for its wine exports and having one of the vastest amphitheatres of the country. As the junction of several military roads, and as a well-fortified town, it soo ...

See also:

Metz, Metz - History, Metz - Sights, Metz - Miscellaneous, Metz - Births, Metz - Twin towns

Read more here: » Metz: Encyclopedia II - Metz - History

868 - Events. 11 May: Printing of The Diamond Sutra, the oldest dated printed book. Aghlabid dynasty of Tunisia takes Malta. In Metz, Charles the Bald and Louis the German decide on a division of the lands of former emperor Lothar (now in possession of Lothar II and Louis II). In England Alfred the Great marries Ealhswith and goes to the aid of Burgred of Mercia, who is attacked by Danes. Ratramnus writes Contra Graecorum opposita. Establishment of ...

Including:

• 868 - Events
• 868 - Births
• 868 - Deaths

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Black Poplar (Populus nigra) is a species of poplar in the cottonwood section of the genus (Populus sect. Aegiros; family Salicaceae), native to Europe and southwest Asia. It is a large deciduous tree reaching 30-40 m tall, native to Europe and western Asia. The leaves are diamond-shaped to triangular, 5-11 cm long, green on both surfaces. There are two varieties, some botanists distinguishing a third: Populus nigra var. nigra. Southern and central Europe, also southwest Asia if v ...

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1552 - Events. January 15 - Henry II of France and Maurice of Saxony sign the Treaty of Chambord February 24 - Privileges of the Hanseatic League abolished in England March - Act of Uniformity imposes Protestant prayerbook in England April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun May - Maurice of Saxony captures Augsburg and almost seizes Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at Innsbruck August 2 - ...

Including:

• 1552 - Events
• 1552 - Births
• 1552 - Deaths

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The Battle of the Frontiers was a series of battles fought along the eastern frontier of France and in southern Belgium shortly after the outbreak of the First World War. The battles represented a collision between the military strategies of the French Plan XVII and the German Schlieffen Plan. Plan XVII, which embodied the military doctrine of offensive à outrance (offensive to the limit), was a disaster and the French army suffered enormous casualties. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) fought a relatively minor battle at ...

Including:

• Battle of the Frontiers - Prelude
• Battle of the Frontiers - Alsace & Lorraine
• Battle of the Frontiers - Ardennes offensive
• Battle of the Frontiers - Charleroi & Mons
• Battle of the Frontiers - Aftermath

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Jacques-Benigne Bossuet (September 27, 1627 - April 12, 1704) was a French bishop, theologian, and court preacher. Bossuet was one of the first to advocate the theory of political absolutism; he made the argument that government was divine and that kings received their power from God. Bossuet was born in Dijon. He was Bishop of Condom from 1669 to 1671. He was an influential courtier during the time of Louis XIV. He won the trust of Louis's long-term mistress, Athénaïs, Marquise de Montespan, only to intrigue against h ...

Including:

• Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet - Writings by Bossuet
• Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet - Reference

Read more here: » Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet: Encyclopedia - Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

The Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War on September 1, 1870. It resulted in the capture of Emperor Napoleon III along with his army and practically concluded war in favour of Prussia and its allies, though fighting continued under a new French government. The 120,000 strong French Army of Châlons, commanded by Marshal Patrice MacMahon and accompanied by the French emperor Napoleon III, was attempting to relieve the Siege of Metz, only to be caught by the Prussian Meuse Army and defeated at the battle of ...

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Brunhilda (in German) or Brunehaut (in French) (534-613) was a Frankish queen who ruled the East Frankish kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy in the names of her sons and grandsons. Initially known as a liberal ruler of great political acumen she became notorious for her cruelty and avarice. In some histories she is known as Brunhilde, or Brunechildis. She was born about 534, the daughter of the Visigoth king Athanagild of Spain and Ingonde, his queen. She married king Sigebert I of Austrasia, the grandson of Clovis, and joined him at Metz. Upon her marriage in 567 she ...

Including:

• Brunhilda of Austrasia - Reigns
• Brunhilda of Austrasia - Downfall
• Brunhilda of Austrasia - Religion

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Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas (Metz August 5, 1811 - ParisFebruary 12, 1896) was a French opera composer. He is best-known for his operas Mignon (1866) and his Shakespearean Hamlet (1868). Thomas' father was a musician and Ambroise learned to play the piano and violin as a child. He studied under Jean-François Le Sueur at the Paris Conservatoire, and won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1832 for his cantata, Hermann et Ketty. His first opera, "La Doubl ...

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Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine (1740 – August 28, 1793), French general, began his military career in the Seven Years' War. He next served with distinction against the English in the War of American Independence. In 1789 he was elected to the states-general by the bailliage of Metz. In October 1791 he again joined the army, with the rank of lieutenant-general and became popular with the soldiers, amongst whom he was known as général moustache. General-in-chief of the army of the Vosges, he ...

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The 2005 civil unrest in France and neighboring countries was a series of riots and other forms of violent clashes between gangs of youths (predominantly of immigration background) and the French Police (as well as the police of neighboring countries). The riots, occurring simultaneously in various poor suburbs of large cities, mainly involved the burning of cars and public buildings as well as consequent clashes with police. The riots began on Thursday 27 October 2005 in the banlieues of Paris. They peaked on the night ...

Including:

• 2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline
• 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Context
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables
• 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Response
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Political
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Police
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

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Airmail (or air mail) is mail that is transported by aircraft. It typically arrives more quickly than surface mail, and usually costs more to send. Airmail may be the only option for sending mail to some destinations, such as overseas, if the mail cannot wait the time it would take to arrive by ship, sometimes weeks. A postal service may sometimes opt to transport some regular mail by air, perhaps because other transportation is unavailable, but it is usually impossible to know this by examining an envelope ...

Including:

• Airmail - History
• Airmail - Media
• Airmail - External link

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Carl Culmann (July 10, 1821 - December 9, 1881) was a German structural engineer. Born Bad Bergzabern, Rhenish Palatinate, in modern-day Germany, Culmann's father, a pastor, tutored him at home before enrolling him at the military engineering school at Metz to prepare for entry to the École Polytechnique. Culmann's ambitions were frustrated by an attack of typhoid and, after a long convalescence, he attended the Karlsruhe Polytechnic School. He joined the Bavarian civil service in 1841 as an app ...

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The Bishopric and Archbishopric of Trier was one of the important ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. Unlike the other Rhenish archbishoprics— Mainz and Cologne— Trier, as the important Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum, had been the seat of a bishop since Roman times. It was raised to to archepiscopal status during the reign of Charlemagne, whose will mentio ...

Including:

• Archbishopric of Trier - Reference
• Archbishopric of Trier - Bishops and Archbishops of Augusta Treverorum 50-791
• Archbishopric of Trier - Archbishops of Trier 791-1242
• Archbishopric of Trier - Archbishop-Electors of Trier 1242-1803
• Archbishopric of Trier - Modern Bishops of Trier 1801-present

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Antoine Christophe Merlin (September 13, 1762 - September 14, 1833), was a member of several legislative bodies during the era of the French Revolution. He is usually called "Merlin de Thionville" ("Merlin of Thionville") to distinguish him from Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai. He was born at Thionville, the son of a procureur in the bailliage of Thionville. After studying theology, he began a career in law, and in 1788 was an avocat at the parlement of Metz. In 1790 he was elected municipal officer ...

Including:

• Antoine Christophe Merlin - Reference

Read more here: » Antoine Christophe Merlin: Encyclopedia - Antoine Christophe Merlin

Attila the Hun (Old Norse: Atle, Atli; German: Etzel; ca. 406–453 AD) was the last and most powerful king of the Huns. He reigned over what was then Europe's largest empire, from 434 until his death. His empire stretched from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Danube River to the Baltic. During his rule he was among the direst enemies of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires: he invaded the Balkans twice and encircled Constantinople in the second invasion. He marched through France as far as Orleans before being turned back at Chalons; and he drove the western empero ...

Including:

• Attila the Hun - Background and beginnings
• Attila the Hun - Shared kingship
• Attila the Hun - Sole ruler
• Attila the Hun - Attila in the west
• Attila the Hun - Invasion of Italy and death
• Attila the Hun - Appearance character and name
• Attila the Hun - Notes

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Marc Chagall (Russian: Марк Шага́л) (July 7, 1887 – March 28, 1985) was a Jewish Belarussian-born French painter. Among the celebrated painters of the 20th century, he is often associated with the Surrealist movement. Marc Chagall - Biography. Born Moishe Zakharovich Shagalov (Moishe Segal) in Vitebsk, Belarus (then in the Russian Empire), Chagall was the eldest of eight children in the close-knit Jewish family formed by his father, a herring merchant and his mother, Feiga-Ita. This perio ...

Including:

• Marc Chagall - Biography
• Marc Chagall - Art of Chagall
• Marc Chagall - Often used symbols in Chagall's works of art
• Marc Chagall - Chagall and his works today
• Marc Chagall - Chagall quotes
• Marc Chagall - List of well-known works
• Marc Chagall - Books

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The commune (in French: commune, word appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, meaning a gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common) is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to US incorporated municipalities/cities. The closest equivlent to French communes in the U ...

Including:

• Commune in France - General characteristics
• Commune in France - Total number of communes
• Commune in France - Surface area of a typical commune
• Commune in France - Population of a typical commune
• Commune in France - Status of the communes
• Commune in France - History of the French Communes
• Commune in France - Kingdom of France
• Commune in France - French Revolution
• Commune in France - Trends after the French Revolution
• Commune in France - Current debate
• Commune in France - Intercommunality
• Commune in France - Future
• Commune in France - Miscellaneous facts
• Commune in France - Most and least populous communes
• Commune in France - Largest and smallest commune territories
• Commune in France - Most elevated commune
• Commune in France - Communes furthest away from the capital city of France
• Commune in France - Shortest and longest commune names
• Commune in France - Names of communes other than in French
• Commune in France - Classification

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Claude Goudimel was a French composer and music theorist of the Renaissance. He was born in Besançon around 1510, and was murdered August 27, 1572 in Lyon. He is known to have been in Paris in 1549, probably studying at the University of Paris, since he published a book of chansons there. He moved to Metz in 1557, converting to Protestantism, and is known to have been associated with the Huguenot cause there; however he left Metz due to the increasing hostility of the city authorities to Protestants during the Wars of Religion ...

Including:

• Claude Goudimel - References and further reading

Read more here: » Claude Goudimel: Encyclopedia - Claude Goudimel

2 Population sans doubles comptes, i.e. not counting those people already counted in another commune (such as students and military personal). Verdun (German: Wirten, official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city and commune in the Lorraine région, northeast France, in the Meuse département, of which it is ...

Including:

• Verdun - History
• Verdun - Battle of Verdun

Read more here: » Verdun: Encyclopedia - Verdun