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Mesillat Yesharim
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Mesillat Yesharim | |
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| | |  Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literatureHillel the elder formulated the Golden rule of Jewish ethics "What is painful to you, do not do unto others". (Talmud, tracate Shabbat 31a; Midrash Avot de Rabbi Natan.) His contemporary, Akiva states "Whatever you hate to have done unto you, do not do to your neighbor; wherefore do not hurt him; do not speak ill of him; do not reveal his secrets to others; let his honor and his property be as dear to thee as thine own" (Midrash Avot deRabbi Natan.)
Ben Azzai says: "The Torah, by beginning with the book of the generations of man, laid down the great rule for the application of the Law: Love t ...
See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Method of study Studying is usually done together with a study-partner called a chavrusa (Aramaic: "friend"), or in a shiur ("lecture").
Yeshiva - Talmud study.
Main articles: Talmud, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]]See also:Yeshiva, Yeshiva - History, Yeshiva - Pre-1800s, Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin, Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot, Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot, Yeshiva - In the United States, Yeshiva - In Israel, Yeshiva - Academic year, Yeshiva - Typical schedule, Yeshiva - Method of study, Yeshiva - Talmud study, Yeshiva - Jewish law, Yeshiva - Ethics, Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion Read more here: » Yeshiva: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Method of study |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Free will - In theology The theological doctrine of divine foreknowledge is often alleged to be in conflict with free will. After all, if God knows exactly what will happen, right down to every choice one makes, how can one's choices be free? God's already true or timelessly true knowledge about one's choices seems to constrain one's freedom. This problem is related to the Aristotelian problem of the sea-battle: tomorrow there will or will not be a sea-battle. If there will be one, then it was true yesterday that there would be one. Then it would be necessary that ...
See also:Free will, Free will - Determinism versus indeterminism, Free will - Moral responsibility, Free will - Compatibilist theories and the could-have-done-otherwise principle, Free will - The science of free will, Free will - Neurology and psychiatry, Free will - Determinism and emergent behaviour, Free will - In theology, Free will - In Christian thought, Free will - In Jewish thought Read more here: » Free will: Encyclopedia II - Free will - In theology |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - History
Yeshiva - Pre-1800s.
Traditionally, every town rabbi had the right to maintain a number of full-time or part-time pupils in the town's study hall (beis midrash, usually adjacent to the synagogue). Their cost of living was covered by community taxation. After a number of years, these young people would either take up a vacant rabbinical position elsewhere (after obtaining semicha, rabbinical ordination) or join the workforce.
The Mishna (tractate Megilla) mentions the law that a town can only be call ...
See also:Yeshiva, Yeshiva - History, Yeshiva - Pre-1800s, Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin, Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot, Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot, Yeshiva - In the United States, Yeshiva - In Israel, Yeshiva - Academic year, Yeshiva - Typical schedule, Yeshiva - Method of study, Yeshiva - Talmud study, Yeshiva - Jewish law, Yeshiva - Ethics, Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion Read more here: » Yeshiva: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - History |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Founders The Mussar movement arose among the non-Hasidic Orthodox Jews of Lithuania, and became a trend in Orthodox yeshivot (schools of Jewish learning). Its founder was Rabbi Israel ben Ze'ev Wolf Lipkin, the Salanter (1810-1883), who was inspired greatly by the teachings and Reb Zundel Salant.
Mussar movement - Zundel Salant.
Reb Joseph Zundel ben Benjamin Benish of Salant (1786-1866) or Sundel Salant was a layman who had studied under Rabbis Chaim Volozhin and Akiva Eiger; he spent most of his life in Sa ...
See also:Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Founders, Mussar movement - Zundel Salant, Mussar movement - Yisrael Lipkin, Mussar movement - Early works of Mussar, Mussar movement - Origin of the movement, Mussar movement - Ethical sources for the Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature, Mussar movement - Bibliography, Mussar movement - Addenda, Mussar movement - External links Read more here: » Mussar movement: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Founders |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred Peace is everywhere recommended, and urged as the highest boon of man (Midrash Numbers Rabbah xi.; Talmud Pesachim i. 1.) Hatred, quarreling and anger are condemned as unethical, and potentially leading to murder.
From the thought of a holy God emanated four virtues: (a) Chastity ("tzeniut" = "bashfulness"), which shuts the eye against unseemly sights and the heart against impure thoughts. Hence R. Meïr's maxim (Ber. 17a): "Keep your mouth from sin, your body from wrong, and I {God} will be with thee." (b) Humility. The presence of G ...
See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace "The first question asked at the Last Judgment is whether one has dealt justly with his neighbor" (Talmud, tractate Shabbat 31a).
"A good deed brought about by an evil deed is an evil deed" (Suk. 30a).
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See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name The idea of God's holiness became in rabbinical ethics one of the most powerful incentives to pure and noble conduct. "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God" (Deut. vi. 5) is explained (Sifre, Deut. 32; Yoma 86a) to mean "Act in such a manner that God will be beloved by all His creatures." Consequently a Jew is not only obliged to give his life as witness or martyr for the maintenance of the true faith, but so to conduct himself in every way as to pr ...
See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Charity The Jewish idea of righteousness ("tzedakah") includes benevolence and charity. The owner of property has no right to withhold from the poor their share.
The Rabbis decreed against Essene practise, and against advice given in the New Testament, that one give away much, most or all of their possessions. Since they did not expect a supernatural saviour to come and take of the poor, they held that one must not make themselves poor. Given that nearly all Jews of their day were poor or middle-class (even the rich of that time were o ...
See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Charity |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot There are four types of yeshivoth:
Yeshiva Ketana ("small yeshiva") - Also called Cheder, for elementary school students. Many Yeshivot Ketana in Israel and some in the diaspora do not have a secular course of studies and all students learn Judaic Torah studies full time.
Yeshiva High School - Also called Mesivta or Mechina, combines the intensive Jewish religious education with a secular high school education. The dual curriculum was pioneered by the Manhattan Talmudical Academ ...
See also:Yeshiva, Yeshiva - History, Yeshiva - Pre-1800s, Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin, Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot, Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot, Yeshiva - In the United States, Yeshiva - In Israel, Yeshiva - Academic year, Yeshiva - Typical schedule, Yeshiva - Method of study, Yeshiva - Talmud study, Yeshiva - Jewish law, Yeshiva - Ethics, Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion Read more here: » Yeshiva: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Origin of the movement This movement began among non-Hasidic Jews as a response to the social changes brought about by The Enlightenment, and the corresponding Haskalah movement among many European Jews. In this period of history anti-Semitism, assimilation of many Jews into Christianity, poverty, and the poor living conditions of many Jews in the Pale of Settlement caused severe tension and disappointment. Many of the institutions of Lithuanian Jewry were beginning to break up. Many religious Jews felt that their way of life was slipping away from them, observanc ...
See also:Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Founders, Mussar movement - Zundel Salant, Mussar movement - Yisrael Lipkin, Mussar movement - Early works of Mussar, Mussar movement - Origin of the movement, Mussar movement - Ethical sources for the Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature, Mussar movement - Bibliography, Mussar movement - Addenda, Mussar movement - External links Read more here: » Mussar movement: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Origin of the movement |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature The classical rabbinic Jewish works of ethics and moral instruction, still studied today, include:
Hovot ha-Levavot (Duties of the Heart, by Bahya ibn Paquda (11th century). This work discusses ten moral virtues, each the subject of its own chapter.
Ma'alot ha-Middot, Yehiel ben Yekutiel Anav of Rome. This work discusses 24 moral virtues,
Kad ha-Kemah, Bahya ben Asher, a Spanish ka ...
See also:Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Founders, Mussar movement - Zundel Salant, Mussar movement - Yisrael Lipkin, Mussar movement - Early works of Mussar, Mussar movement - Origin of the movement, Mussar movement - Ethical sources for the Mussar movement, Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature, Mussar movement - Bibliography, Mussar movement - Addenda, Mussar movement - External links Read more here: » Mussar movement: Encyclopedia II - Mussar movement - Classical Jewish ethical literature |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Justice Social ethics is defined by Rabbi Simeon ben Gamaliel's words: "The world rests on three things: justice, truth, and peace" (Avot 1:18). Justice ("din," corresponding to the Biblical "mishpat") being God's must be vindicated, whether the object be of great or small value (Sanh. 8a). "Let justice pierce the mountain" is the characteristic maxim attributed to Moses (Sanh. 6b). They that ridicule Talmudic Judaism for its hair-splitting minutiae overlook the important ethical ...
See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Justice |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment The Biblical commands regarding the treatment of the brute (Ex. xx. 10; Lev. xxii. 28; Deut. xxv. 4; Prov. xii. 10) are amplified in rabbinical ethics, and a special term is coined for Cruelty to Animals ("tza'ar ba'ale hayyim"). Not to sit down to the table before the domestic animals have been fed is a lesson derived from Deut. xi. 15. Compassion for the brute is declared to have been the merit of Moses which made him the shepherd of his people (Ex. R. ii.), while Judah ha-Nasi saw in his own ailment the punishment for ...
See also:Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics Read more here: » Jewish ethics: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot The largest yeshivot currently include:
Yeshiva - In the United States.
Beth Medrash Govoha, also known as "Lakewood yeshiva" (Lakewood, NJ)
Yeshiva Ner Yisrael: Ner Israel Rabbinical College (Baltimore, MD)
The Telshe yeshiva (Telz Cleveland, OH; Chicago, IL; Riverdale, NY)
The Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University (New York, NY)
Mesivta Tifereth Jerusalem (Manhattan and Staten Island, New York, NY)
Yeshiva Torah Vodaas (Brooklyn ...
See also:Yeshiva, Yeshiva - History, Yeshiva - Pre-1800s, Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin, Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot, Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot, Yeshiva - In the United States, Yeshiva - In Israel, Yeshiva - Academic year, Yeshiva - Typical schedule, Yeshiva - Method of study, Yeshiva - Talmud study, Yeshiva - Jewish law, Yeshiva - Ethics, Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion Read more here: » Yeshiva: Encyclopedia II - Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot |
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| | | | Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia II - Free will - Compatibilist theories and the could-have-done-otherwise principle Many claim that, in order for a choice to be free in any sense that matters, it must be true that the agent could have done otherwise. They take this principle — van Inwagen calls it the "principle of alternate possibilities" — to be a necessary condition for freedom. The literary critic Isaiah Berlin made much the same point.
The claim is that, for example, if a criminal puts a machine in Bob's brain that makes him kill a stranger, his action was not free, for Bob couldn't have done otherwise. Incompatibilists often appeal to thi ...
See also:Free will, Free will - Determinism versus indeterminism, Free will - Moral responsibility, Free will - Compatibilist theories and the could-have-done-otherwise principle, Free will - The science of free will, Free will - Neurology and psychiatry, Free will - Determinism and emergent behaviour, Free will - In theology, Free will - In Christian thought, Free will - In Jewish thought Read more here: » Free will: Encyclopedia II - Free will - Compatibilist theories and the could-have-done-otherwise principle |
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