The Merkava Mk 4 is the latest generation in Israel's Merkava main battle tanks series, in service from 2004. It offers extra protection to the crew with more powerful and accurate fire systems. The Merkava has improved armor on the front and sides of the tank, and even the top of the turret, making it one of the best protected tanks in the world. The armor is modular so when the tank is hit, only the damaged armor plates need replacement. The Mk 4 also has additional crew survivability features: Each tank component is designed ...

See also:

Merkava, Merkava - History, Merkava - Merkava Mk 1, Merkava - Merkava Mk 2, Merkava - Merkava Mk 3, Merkava - Mk 3B, Merkava - Mk 3 4th generation, Merkava - Merkava Mk 4, Merkava - Special Merkava variants, Merkava - Merkava 3 LIC, Merkava - Merkava Ambulance, Merkava - Merkava-based armored fighting vehicles, Merkava - Merkava Armored Recovery Vehicle ARV, Merkava - Merkava based APC/IFV, Merkava - Merkava based self-propelled artillery, Merkava - General remarks

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An ambulance is a vehicle designated for the transport of sick or injured people. The first ambulances called by that name were horse ambulances used in the American Civil War. The first practical ambulances were created by Dominique Jean Larrey, a French surgeon (1766-1842), for use in the Napoleonic Wars. Modern-day ambulances are typically large automobiles on a van or light truck chassis. However, an ambulance can be any vehicle, including a bus, helicopter, or even a hospital ship. During the 1960s and 1970s, station wagons were used in some American cities (despite their limited space) and ...

Including:

• Ambulance - Ambulances in North America
• Ambulance - Ambulance Providers
• Ambulance - Service Level
• Ambulance - Need for Flexibility
• Ambulance - Ambulances in France & Europe
• Ambulance - First responders vehicles
• Ambulance - Hospital ambulances
• Ambulance - Special warning devices and traffic law
• Ambulance - Ambulances in the UK
• Ambulance - Private ambulance companies
• Ambulance - Military ambulances

Read more here: » Ambulance: Encyclopedia - Ambulance

Caterpillar tracks are large (modular) tracks used on tanks, construction equipment and certain other off-road vehicles. Unlike the Kegresse tracks which use a flexible belt, caterpillar tracks are made of a number of rigid units that are joined to each other. The tracks help the vehicle to distribute its weight more evenly over a larger surface area than wheels can, keeping it from sinking in areas where wheeled vehicles of the same weight would sink. For instance, the ground pressure of a car is equal to the pressure of the air in t ...

Including:

• Caterpillar track - History
• Caterpillar track - Engineering
• Caterpillar track - Tracked vehicles

Read more here: » Caterpillar track: Encyclopedia - Caterpillar track

Armoured warfare in modern warfare is understood to be the use of armoured fighting vehicles as a central component of the methods of war. Armoured warfare - First World War. Modern armoured warfare began with the development of the tank during the First World War. Following the First World War, the technical and doctrinal aspects of armoured warfare became more sophisticated and diverged into multiple schools. Ancient warfare, Modern warfare, Hist ...

Including:

• Armoured warfare - First World War
• Armoured warfare - The inter-war period
• Armoured warfare - Second World War
• Armoured warfare - Arab-Israeli wars
• Armoured warfare - NATO and Warsaw Pact
• Armoured warfare - Tank tactics
• Armoured warfare - Airborne threats
• Armoured warfare - Support

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Palestinian National Authority This article is part of the series: Politics of the Palestinian National Authority President: Mahmoud Abbas Prime Minister: Nabil Shaath Palestinian Legislative Council PLO List of political parties Elections: President: 2005 Legislative: 2006 Oslo Accords Al-Aqsa Intifada St ...

Including:

• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Prior events
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Timeline
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - 2000
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - 2001
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - 2002
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - 2003
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - 2004
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - 2005
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Tactics
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Palestinians
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Israel
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - The West Bank barrier
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - International Involvement
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Effects on Oslo Accords
• Al-Aqsa Intifada - Economic and human costs

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Military vehicles are commonly armoured to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets or shells, protecting the soldiers inside from enemy fire. The design and purpose of the vehicle determines the amount of armour plating carried, as the plating is often very heavy and excessive amounts of armour restrict mobility. The most heavily armoured vehicles today are the main battle tanks, which are the spearhead of the ground forces, and are designed to withstand anti-tank missiles, kinetic energy penetrators, NBC threats and in some ...

Including:

• Vehicle armour - Technologies
• Vehicle armour - Spaced armour
• Vehicle armour - Composite armour
• Vehicle armour - Reactive armour
• Vehicle armour - Electrically charged armour

Read more here: » Vehicle armour: Encyclopedia - Vehicle armour

A tank is a tracked armoured fighting vehicle, designed primarily to engage enemy forces by the use of direct fire. A modern main battle tank is distinguished by its high level of firepower, mobility and armour protection relative to other vehicles of its era. It can cross comparatively rough terrain at high speeds, but requires extensive fuel, maintenance, and ammunition and thus is logistically demanding. It has the heaviest armour of any vehicle on the battlefield, and carries powerful weaponry, often at least manifested in the pre ...

Including:

• Tank - History
• Tank - World War One: the first tanks
• Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War
• Tank - The Cold War and beyond
• Tank - Design
• Tank - Weapons
• Tank - Fire control
• Tank - Ammunition
• Tank - Protection
• Tank - Armour
• Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences
• Tank - Countermeasures
• Tank - Exposed crew
• Tank - Mobility
• Tank - Water operations
• Tank - Power plants
• Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces
• Tank - Command control and communications
• Tank - Vulnerability
• Tank - Infantry
• Tank - Artillery
• Tank - Helicopters
• Tank - Mines
• Tank - Aircraft
• Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia - Tank

Type 99 Main Battle Tank The Type 99, formerly known as Type 98 and Type 98G, is the latest main battle tank fielded by the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It has increased firepower, mobility and protection versus older tanks such as the Type 88 or Type 59. Type 99 - Development. The tank was revealed in October 1999 during the national parade and entered service in small numbers for operational tests and evaluation before the finalization of the design. The production version, known as ini ...

Including:

• Type 99 - Development
• Type 99 - Design
• Type 99 - Armament
• Type 99 - Armour
• Type 99 - See Also

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The Mark I was a development of Little Willie, the experimental tank produced for the British Army by Lieutenant W. G. Wilson and William Tritton in 1915. Working on problems discovered with Willie, the Mark I was developed. Among these the fact that a gun turret above the hull would have put the centre of gravity too high, hence the guns were put in sponsons. The prototype Mark I was called "Mother". 150 were built. See history of the tank for a fuller story.

Mark I tank, Mark I tank - Mark I: Description, Mark I tank - Production History, Mark I tank - Variants, Mark I tank - Combat History

Read more here: » Mark I tank: Encyclopedia II - Mark I tank - Production History

Tank - World War One: the first tanks. Having already seen Rolls Royce armoured cars used by Royal Naval Air Service in 1914, and aware of schemes to create a tracked fighting vehicle, First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill sponsored the Landships Committee to oversee development of this new weapon. The first successful prototype tank, nicknamed Little Willie, was tested for the British Army on September 6, 1915. Although initially termed landships by the Admiralty, the initial vehicles were colloqu ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - History

The tanks were sold to the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) by Germany and later the United States, during the 1960s and 1970s. Several dozen Jordanian M48 tanks, captured intact during the 1967 Six Day War, were also commissioned into service, adding to Israel's 150 already in service at that time. During the war, the Israeli tanks served in their original (American) configuration. Following the 1967 war, several modification were done to improve the tank to M48A3 level, resulting with the Magach 3. These modifications included replaceme ...

See also:

Magach, Magach - Service History, Magach - Source of the name Magach, Magach - Versions

Read more here: » Magach: Encyclopedia II - Magach - Service History

Currently, the system is designed for the Stryker light armored vehicle and for the Israeli Merkava main battle tank. The design includes four flat-panel antennas and a search radar mounted on the vehicle. When properly mounted, the combined radar view is a full 360 degrees. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the internal computer uses the signal from the incoming weapon and calculates an approach vector. Once the incoming weapon is fully classified, the computers calculate the optimal time and angle to fire the neutralizers. The respons ...

See also:

TROPHY Active Protection System, TROPHY Active Protection System - TROPHY Design, TROPHY Active Protection System - Weapons TROPHY neutralizes, TROPHY Active Protection System - Advantages of TROPHY

Read more here: » TROPHY Active Protection System: Encyclopedia II - TROPHY Active Protection System - TROPHY Design

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada ...

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List of Israelis, List of Israelis - Historical figures, List of Israelis - Politicians, List of Israelis - Military, List of Israelis - Activists, List of Israelis - Criminals, List of Israelis - Cultural figures, List of Israelis - Film TV and stage, List of Israelis - Popular musicians, List of Israelis - Classical musicians, List of Israelis - Writers, List of Israelis - Artists, List of Israelis - Academic figures, List of Israelis - Computing and mathematics, List of Israelis - Physics and chemistry, List of Israelis - Biology and medicine, List of Israelis - Engineering, List of Israelis - Philosophy, List of Israelis - Social sciences, List of Israelis - Entrepreneurs, List of Israelis - High-tech, List of Israelis - Other, List of Israelis - Sports, List of Israelis - Basketball, List of Israelis - Football Soccer, List of Israelis - Tennis, List of Israelis - Other

Read more here: » List of Israelis: Encyclopedia II - List of Israelis - Historical figures

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

Leclerc - Armament. The Leclerc is equipped with a smooth bore 120 mm tank gun CN120-26 from GIAT. A complete range of rounds has been specially developed for it but the gun is designed to be able to use the 120 mm rounds used in the German Leopard 2 and US M1 Abrams. It is insulated with a thermal sleeve. The gun has an automatic compressed air system instead of the usual fume extraction cylinder. The Leclerc has a unique autoloading system which was specifically designed for it, and reduces the crew to 3 by eli ...

See also:

Leclerc, Leclerc - History, Leclerc - Characteristics, Leclerc - Armament, Leclerc - Self-protection, Leclerc - Fire control and observation, Leclerc - Propulsion, Leclerc - Combat experience, Leclerc - Variants

Read more here: » Leclerc: Encyclopedia II - Leclerc - Characteristics

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

A crude caterpillar track was designed in 1770 by Richard Edgeworth. The British polymath Sir George Cayley patented a caterpillar track, which he called a "universal railway" (The Mechanics' Magazine, 28 January 1826). In 1837, a Russian inventor Dmitry Zagryazhsky designed a "carriage with mobile tracks" which he patented that same year. However, due to a lack of funds he was unable to build a working prototype. As a result his patent was voided in 1839. Steam powered tractors using a form of caterpillar track were reported in use with the Western ...

See also:

Caterpillar track, Caterpillar track - History, Caterpillar track - Engineering, Caterpillar track - Tracked vehicles

Read more here: » Caterpillar track: Encyclopedia II - Caterpillar track - History

The design of Type 99 was influenced by the Soviet T-72 and the German Leopard 2. It also has features new to the PLA such as a slope shaped turret which increases protection. The driver's compartment is in the front, with the fighting compartment/turret directly behind, and power pack in the rear. To accommodate more equipment and rounds, the Type 99's turret is slightly larger than that of the Type 90, which has resulted in a gap between turret and the hull in the front. This could be a major disadvantage in battle as it acts as a s ...

See also:

Type 99, Type 99 - Development, Type 99 - Design, Type 99 - Armament, Type 99 - Armour, Type 99 - See Also

Read more here: » Type 99: Encyclopedia II - Type 99 - Design

History of the Israel Defense Forces - Before 1948. Following the 1947 UN Partition Plan which divided the British Mandate of Palestine, the country became increasingly volatile and fell into a state of civil war between the Jews and Arabs. In accordance with Plan Dalet the Haganah tried to secure the areas alloted to the Jewish state in the partition plan and the blocks of settlements that were in the area alloted to the Arab state. History of the Israel Defense Forces - The first Arab-Israeli w ...

See also:

History of the Israel Defense Forces, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Timeline and major events, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Before 1948, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The first Arab-Israeli war, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1949-1956, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1956 Sinai campaign, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1956-1966, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1967 Six-Day War, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1968-1970 War of Attrition, History of the Israel Defense Forces - The 1973 Yom Kippur War 1973, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1974-1978, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1978 Operation Litani, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1979-1981, History of the Israel Defense Forces - 1982 Operation Peace for Galilee, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Appendices, History of the Israel Defense Forces - List of Chiefs of the General Staff, History of the Israel Defense Forces - Other famous generals and soldiers

Read more here: » History of the Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - History of the Israel Defense Forces - Timeline and major events

The T-72 exhibits many design features shared with other tank designs of Soviet origin. Some of these are viewed as deficiencies in a straight comparison to NATO tanks, but most are a product of the way these tanks were envisioned to be employed, based on the Soviets' practical experiences in World War II. The T-72 is extremely lightweight, at forty-one tonnes, and very small compared to Western main battle tanks. Some of the roads and bridges in former Warsaw Pact countries were designed such that T-72s can travel along in formation, ...

See also:

T-72, T-72 - Production history, T-72 - Design characteristics, T-72 - Variants, T-72 - Combat history

Read more here: » T-72: Encyclopedia II - T-72 - Design characteristics