Meniere's disease

Verapamil C08DA01 Verapamil (brand names: Isoptin®, Verelan®, Calan®) is a medical drug that acts as an L-type calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia. Verapamil is generally effective for migraine but it takes about 2 weeks to work. Verapamil is effective in migraine variants such as hemiplegic migraine (Yu and Horowitz, 2003). It also may be helpful in Menieres disease, although this has not yet been documented by a controlled study. Nimodipine has be ...

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• Verapamil - Source

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Dizziness (Latin: "Vertigo") is the sensation of instability. The term is fairly vague, and can include a number of more specific conditions, ranging from harmless to life-threatening. One of the most common causes of dizziness is rapid spinning; this cause lent its name to the baseball pitcher Dizzy Dean, whose windup while throwing the ball caused him to spin completely around. Vertigo refers to dizziness with a sensation of motion. The cerebellum takes input about the location and motion of the head from the inner ear ...

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• Dizziness - Causes

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Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. For example, the medicinal compound hydroxyurea (old British Approved Name) is now hydroxycarbamide. Urea - Physiology. The individual atoms of urea come from carbon dioxide, water, aspartate and ammonia in a ...

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• Urea - Physiology
• Urea - Discovery
• Urea - Commercial Production
• Urea - Industrial use
• Urea - Laboratory use
• Urea - Medical use
• Urea - Drug use
• Urea - Physiological diagnosis
• Urea - Other diagnostic use

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Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth. Although it probably evolved as a mechanism for expelling ingested poisons, vomiting may result from many causes not related to poisoning, ranging from gastritis to brain tumors, or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea. It usually, but not necessarily, precedes vomiting, but it does not always lead to vomiting. Antiemetics are somet ...

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• Vomiting - Mechanism
• Vomiting - Content
• Vomiting - Causes
• Vomiting - Digestive tract
• Vomiting - Sensory system and brain
• Vomiting - Other
• Vomiting - Related medication
• Vomiting - Emetics
• Vomiting - Antiemetics
• Vomiting - Social implications
• Vomiting - Nausea inducement in groups
• Vomiting - Context
• Vomiting - In language
• Vomiting - In other animals

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Tinnitus is a phenomenon of the nervous system connected to the ear, characterised by perception of a ringing or beating sound (often perceived as sinusoidal) with no external source. This sound may be a quiet background noise, or loud enough to drown out all outside sounds. It is sometimes refered to as "the club disease" as many people get temporary tinnitus at loud clubs or concerts. Tinnitus can be objective (the sound, e.g., a bruit, can be perceived by a clinician) or subjective (perceived only by the patient). ...

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• Tinnitus - Causes
• Tinnitus - Treatment
• Tinnitus - Mechanisms of subjective tinnitus
• Tinnitus - Prevention

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Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. (November 18, 1923 – July 21, 1998) (Rear Admiral, USN, Ret.) was the first U.S. astronaut in space, though his first flight was only sub-orbital. He attended the East Derry primary and secondary schools in his birthplace of Derry, New Hampshire; received a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1944, an Honorary Master of Arts degree from Dartmouth College in 1962, and Honorary Doctorate of Science from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) in 1971, and an Honorar ...

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• Alan Shepard - Naval career
• Alan Shepard - Astronaut career
• Alan Shepard - Awards and honors
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Inner ear causes: benign paroxysmal postural vertigo labyrinthitis Meniere's disease perilymphatic fistula neurinoma of the acoustic nerve vestibular neuronitis Eye causes: new glasses optical illusions Neck causes: arthritis cervical vertigo Whiplash and other strains Central nervous system causes: arteria basilaris syndrome concussion migraine multiple sclerosis orthostati ...

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Dizziness, Dizziness - Causes

Read more here: » Dizziness: Encyclopedia II - Dizziness - Causes

Shepard began his naval career after graduation from Annapolis on the destroyer Cogswell, deployed in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. He subsequently entered flight training at Corpus Christi, Texas and Pensacola, Florida, and received his wings in 1947. His next assignment was with Fighter Squadron 42 at Norfolk, Virginia and Jacksonville, Florida. He served several tours aboard aircraft carriers i ...

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Alan Shepard, Alan Shepard - Naval career, Alan Shepard - Astronaut career, Alan Shepard - Awards and honors, Alan Shepard - Later years, Alan Shepard - Media, Alan Shepard - External link

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The individual atoms of urea come from carbon dioxide, water, aspartate and ammonia in a metabolic pathway known as the urea cycle, an anabolic process. This expenditure of energy is necessary because ammonia, a common metabolic waste product, is toxic and must be neutralized. Urea production occurs in the liver and is under the regulatory control of N-acetylglutamate. Aquatic animals do not produce urea; living in an abundant supply of water, they can simply excrete ammonia immediately as it is produced. Birds, with more sever ...

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Urea, Urea - Physiology, Urea - Discovery, Urea - Commercial Production, Urea - Industrial use, Urea - Laboratory use, Urea - Medical use, Urea - Drug use, Urea - Physiological diagnosis, Urea - Other diagnostic use

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Sensorineural hearing loss may be congenital or acquired. Sensorineural hearing loss - Congenital. lack of development (aplasia) of the cochlea Chromosomal syndromes (rare) Congenital cholesteatoma - squamous epithelium from the ear canal invades the middle ear, which is normally covered by respiratory epithelium. The squamous epithelium behaves like an invasive tumour and destroys middle ear s ...

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Sensorineural hearing loss, Sensorineural hearing loss - Differential diagnosis, Sensorineural hearing loss - Congenital, Sensorineural hearing loss - Acquired, Sensorineural hearing loss - Treatment

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During his life he was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor; two NASA Distinguished Service Medals, the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal, Naval Astronaut Wings, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Distinguished Flying Cross; recipient of the Langley Award (highest award of the Smithsonian Institution) on May 5, 1964, the Lambert Trophy, the Iven C. Kincheloe Award, the Cabot Award, the Collier Trophy, the City of New Y ...

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Alan Shepard, Alan Shepard - Naval career, Alan Shepard - Astronaut career, Alan Shepard - Awards and honors, Alan Shepard - Later years, Alan Shepard - Media, Alan Shepard - External link

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Vomiting - Nausea inducement in groups. It is quite common that when one person vomits, others nearby will become nauseated, particularly when smelling the vomit of others, often to the point of vomiting themselves. It is believed that this is an evolved trait among primates. Many primates in the wild will tend to browse for food in small groups. Should one member of the party react adversely to some ingested food it may be advantageous (in a survival sense) for other members of the party to also vomit. This tend ...

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Vomiting, Vomiting - Mechanism, Vomiting - Content, Vomiting - Causes, Vomiting - Digestive tract, Vomiting - Sensory system and brain, Vomiting - Other, Vomiting - Related medication, Vomiting - Emetics, Vomiting - Antiemetics, Vomiting - Social implications, Vomiting - Nausea inducement in groups, Vomiting - Context, Vomiting - In language, Vomiting - In other animals

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Shepard was one of the Mercury astronauts named by NASA in April 1959 to Project Mercury, and he holds the distinction of being the first American to journey into space, as well as the only Mercury astronaut to walk on the Moon. On May 5, 1961, in the Freedom 7 spacecraft, he was launched by a Redstone rocket on a ballistic trajectory suborbital flight—a flight which carried him to an altitude of 116 statute miles and to a landing point 302 statute miles down the Atlantic Missile Range. He was scheduled to pilot the Mercury-Atlas 10 Fre ...

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Alan Shepard, Alan Shepard - Naval career, Alan Shepard - Astronaut career, Alan Shepard - Awards and honors, Alan Shepard - Later years, Alan Shepard - Media, Alan Shepard - External link

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Alan Shepard was always a shrewd businessman, and was the only astronaut to become a millionaire while still in the program. After he left the program, he was on the boards of many corporations under the auspices of his Seven-Fourteen Enterprises (named for his two flights, Freedom 7 and Apollo 14). In 1988, he teamed up with fellow Mercury Seven astronaut Deke Slayton to write Moon Shot: The Inside Story of America's Race to the Moon. ...

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Alan Shepard, Alan Shepard - Naval career, Alan Shepard - Astronaut career, Alan Shepard - Awards and honors, Alan Shepard - Later years, Alan Shepard - Media, Alan Shepard - External link

Read more here: » Alan Shepard: Encyclopedia II - Alan Shepard - Later years