Main article: History of Jamaica The original Arawak or Taino people from South America, first settled on the island between 1000 and 400 BC. They became virtually extinct following contact with Europeans. Jamaica was claimed for Spain after Christopher Columbus first landed there in 1494. Columbus used it as his family's private estate. The English Admiral William Penn (father of William Penn of Pennsylvania) and General Venables seized the island in 1655. During its first 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became the w ...

See also:

Jamaica, Jamaica - History, Jamaica - Politics, Jamaica - Geography, Jamaica - Economy, Jamaica - Demographics, Jamaica - Emigration, Jamaica - Education, Jamaica - Military, Jamaica - Parishes and counties, Jamaica - Culture, Jamaica - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Jamaica: Encyclopedia II - Jamaica - History

George W. Jenkins opened the first Publix market in Winter Haven, Florida, in 1930. In 1934 his single store managed US$120,000 in sales. The next year, in 1935, he opened a second location, the Economy Food Store in Winter Haven. Despite the Great Depression, his stores were surprisingly successful. In 1940, Jenkins (affectionately called 'Mr. George' by his employees) mortgaged an orange grove to build Florida's first supermarket. His "food palace" had, among other things, piped-in music, air conditioning, cold cases for frozen and ...

See also:

Publix, Publix - History, Publix - Ethnic specialties, Publix - Controversy, Publix - Publix Trivia

Read more here: » Publix: Encyclopedia II - Publix - History

Pseudonyms are adopted by resistance fighters, terrorists and guerrillas often to make enquiries more difficult, to seek and create an aura of mystery, and to protect their families from reprisal, although other reasons may often be included. The expression nom de guerre (IPA: /nɒm də gɛɹ/, "name of war") is often used for such pseudonyms (though this expression is rarely, if ever, actually used in French). It is occasionally used as a ...

See also:

Pseudonym, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print, Pseudonym - Regnal name, Pseudonym - Nom de guerre, Pseudonym - The origin of nom de guerre, Pseudonym - Radio, Pseudonym - Computers, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in entertainment, Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

Read more here: » Pseudonym: Encyclopedia II - Pseudonym - Nom de guerre

Quantitative notation of concentration is far more informative and useful from a scientific point of view. There are a number of different ways to quantitatively express concentration; the most common are listed below. Note: Many units of concentration require measurement of a substance's volume, which is variable depending on ambient temperature and pressure. Unless otherwise stated, all the following measurements are assumed to be at standard state temperature and pressure (that is, 25 degrees Celsius at 1 atmosphere or 101.325 kPa).

See also:

Concentration, Concentration - Qualitative notation, Concentration - Quantitative notation, Concentration - Mass percentage, Concentration - Mass-volume percentage, Concentration - Volume-volume percentage, Concentration - Molarity, Concentration - Molality, Concentration - Molinity, Concentration - Normality, Concentration - Mole fraction, Concentration - Formal, Concentration - Parts-per notation, Concentration - Techniques used to determine concentration, Concentration - Table of concentration measures

Read more here: » Concentration: Encyclopedia II - Concentration - Quantitative notation

Today, "London" usually refers to the conurbation known as Greater London, which is divided into thirty-two London Boroughs and the City of London and forms the London region of England. Historically, "London" referred to the square mile of the City of London at the conurbation's heart, from which the city grew. Between 1889 and 1965 it referred to the former County of London which covered the area now known as Inner London. The metropolitan area of the County of London was previously c ...

See also:

London, London - Defining London, London - Geography and climate, London - History, London - Modern London, London - Culture, London - London Districts, London - Central London, London - City of London, London - The West End, London - East London, London - The East End, London - Docklands, London - West London, London - North London, London - South London, London - Demographics, London - Government, London - Business and economy, London - Transport and infrastructure, London - Education, London - Media, London - Technology, London - Style and fashion, London - Religion, London - Sport, London - Tourist attractions, London - Places of interest, London - List of hotels in London, London - Buildings and monuments, London - Museums and galleries, London - Markets and shopping areas, London - Parks and gardens, London - Other places of interest, London - London in the arts, London - Literature featuring London, London - Films featuring London, London - Television programmes featuring London, London - Songs featuring London, London - Video Games featuring London, London - Major exhibitions staged in London, London - Parades

Read more here: » London: Encyclopedia II - London - Defining London

1975 in Prophecy! is a digest-size booklet warning of an upcoming nuclear war and subsequent enslavement of mankind, leading to the return of Jesus Christ as a benign dictator. It was written by Herbert W. Armstrong and illustrated by Basil Wolverton of Mad magazine fame, published in 1956 by the Radio Church of God. No longer in print, it is now valued for its illustrations. 1975 in Prophecy! - Summary. The events described were to begin shortly after February 1972 and climax during 1975. Armstrong ...

Including:

• 1975 in Prophecy! - Summary
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Story outline
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Literary style
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Fact fantasy and fear
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Distributed worldwide
• 1975 in Prophecy! - Footnotes
• 1975 in Prophecy! - External link

Read more here: » 1975 in Prophecy!: Encyclopedia - 1975 in Prophecy!

The history of Bengal can be divided according to the religion of its rulers. Also see History of Bengal and Bengal Renaissance. Bengal - Early History. One of the earliest historical references to be found to date is the mention of a land named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from Gangahrd (Land with the Ganges in its heart) and believed to be referring to an area in Bengal. More concrete evidence of Bengal becoming a political entity is found in the 6th century, with the first recorded independent king of Bengal ...

See also:

Bengal, Bengal - History, Bengal - Early History, Bengal - Muslim Rule, Bengal - British Rule, Bengal - Independence, Bengal - Rulers of Bengal, Bengal - Pala Dynasty, Bengal - Sena Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Ganesa Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Habshis Dynasty, Bengal - Husaini Dynasty, Bengal - Suri Dynasty, Bengal - Karani Kararani Dynasty, Bengal - Nawabs of Bengal, Bengal - Maps during British rule on external sites

Read more here: » Bengal: Encyclopedia II - Bengal - History

In 2001, Milian released her first solo single, "AM To PM", off her self-titled debut album. It became a worldwide hit reaching the top 5 in the UK and Denmark, top 10 in the Netherlands, and top 40 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and in Australia. The success of "AM To PM" sparked the international release of the Christina Milian album although not in the U.S. The second single "When You Look At Me" was another international hit reaching the top 5 in the UK, Netherlands, and Ireland and making the top 40 in Denmark, Australia, and Fran ...

See also:

Christina Milian, Christina Milian - Early years, Christina Milian - Career success, Christina Milian - Discography, Christina Milian - Albums, Christina Milian - Singles, Christina Milian - Album appearances, Christina Milian - Soundtrack appearances, Christina Milian - Filmography, Christina Milian - Awards & nominations

Read more here: » Christina Milian: Encyclopedia II - Christina Milian - Career success

"Jabberwocky" has become famous around the world, with translations into many languages, including Spanish, German, Latin, French, Italian, Czech, Hungarian, Russian, Bulgarian, Japanese, Polish and Esperanto. The task of translation is the more notable and difficult because many of the principal words of the poem were simply made up by Carroll, having had no previous meaning. What the translators have done with the invented words, it appears, is to make up words of their own that have a minimal Levenshtein distance (up to homophones) from C ...

See also:

Jabberwocky, Jabberwocky - The poem, Jabberwocky - Glossary, Jabberwocky - Pronunciation, Jabberwocky - Origin and structure, Jabberwocky - Translations, Jabberwocky - Derivative works, Jabberwocky - References in popular culture

Read more here: » Jabberwocky: Encyclopedia II - Jabberwocky - Translations

The swastika is a holy symbol in Hinduism, Jainism, Heathenry and Buddhism. In the West, it is more widely known as symbol of Nazism. The motif seems to have first been used in Neolithic Eurasia. However, it was also adopted in Native American cultures, seemingly independently. The swastika is now used universally in religious and civil ceremonies in India. Most Indian temples, weddings, festivals and celebrations are decorated with swastikas. The symbol was introduced to Southeast Asia by Hindu kings and remains an integral part of B ...

See also:

Swastika, Swastika - Overview, Swastika - Etymology and alternative names, Swastika - History, Swastika - Comet/bird hypothesis, Swastika - Early Hinduism, Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West, Swastika - Geometry and symbolism, Swastika - Sauwastika, Swastika - Art and architecture, Swastika - Religion and mythology, Swastika - Hinduism, Swastika - Buddhism, Swastika - Jainism, Swastika - The Abrahamic religions, Swastika - Other Asian traditions, Swastika - Native American traditions, Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions, Swastika - Early 20th century, Swastika - Britain, Swastika - North America, Swastika - Russia, Swastika - Poland, Swastika - Finland, Swastika - Sweden, Swastika - Latvia, Swastika - Icelandic, Swastika - Ireland, Swastika - Nazi Germany, Swastika - Taboo in Western countries, Swastika - Popular culture and media, Swastika - Notes

Read more here: » Swastika: Encyclopedia II - Swastika - Overview

Abwehr - Before the War. Before he took over the Abwehr on January 1, the soon-to-be Admiral Canaris was warned by Patzig of attempts by Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich to take over all German intelligence organs. Canaris, a master of backroom dealings which were so much a part of life, thought he knew how to deal with them. But even while he tried to maintain an at-least cordial relationship with them, the antagonism between the Abweh ...

See also:

Abwehr, Abwehr - The Abwehr before Canaris, Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris, Abwehr - Before the War, Abwehr - The Abwehr During World War II, Abwehr - The Frau Solf Tea Party and the End of the Abwehr, Abwehr - Chiefs of the Abwehr

Read more here: » Abwehr: Encyclopedia II - Abwehr - The Abwehr under Canaris

The closest piece of land is the island of Fernando de Noronha 630 km to the Southwest. The rocks are part of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The highest of the rocks, Southwest Rock, has an elevation of 22.5 m, are peaks of the largely submarine Mid-Atlantic Ridge that extend above the water level. The rocks are scattered across an area that measures 350 m North-South and 200 m East-West. The total land area is about 10,000 m². The exact location is given as 00°55′08″N, ...

See also:

Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Geography, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Structures, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Biology, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - History

Read more here: » Saint Peter and Paul Rocks: Encyclopedia II - Saint Peter and Paul Rocks - Geography

Pitt traditionally has had a rivalry with Penn State University. Formerly independent powers of college football in the East, Pitt and Penn State played each other on an annual basis for state bragging rights as well as recruiting advantage. The rivalry started in 1905 and continued even when Pitt joined the Big East Conference in 1982. However, Penn State joining the Big Ten Conference in 1992, as well as disagreements betwe ...

See also:

University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh - Location, University of Pittsburgh - Education, University of Pittsburgh - Athletics, University of Pittsburgh - Rivalries, University of Pittsburgh - Notable alumni, University of Pittsburgh - Footnotes

Read more here: » University of Pittsburgh: Encyclopedia II - University of Pittsburgh - Rivalries

Ulysses S. Grant - Anti-Semitism. Grant's legacy has been marred by the possibility of anti-Semitism. The most frequently cited example is the infamous General Order No. 11, issued by Grant's headquarters in Oxford, Mississippi, on December 17, 1862, during the early Vicksburg Campaign. The order stated in part: The Jews, as a class, violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department, and also Department orders, are hereby expelled from the Department [comprising areas of Tennes ...

See also:

Ulysses S. Grant, Ulysses S. Grant - Birth and early years, Ulysses S. Grant - Military career, Ulysses S. Grant - Mexican War, Ulysses S. Grant - Between the Wars, Ulysses S. Grant - Western Theater of the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant - General-in-Chief and strategy for victory, Ulysses S. Grant - Overland Campaign Petersburg and Appomattox, Ulysses S. Grant - Presidency, Ulysses S. Grant - Cabinet, Ulysses S. Grant - Supreme Court appointments, Ulysses S. Grant - States admitted to the Union, Ulysses S. Grant - Later life, Ulysses S. Grant - Timeline, Ulysses S. Grant - Legacy, Ulysses S. Grant - Anti-Semitism, Ulysses S. Grant - In memoriam, Ulysses S. Grant - Trivia, Ulysses S. Grant - Notes

Read more here: » Ulysses S. Grant: Encyclopedia II - Ulysses S. Grant - Legacy

Mendes (Ancient Greek). The name of the demon-goat, alleged by the Church of Rome to have been worshipped by the Templars and other Masons. But this goat was a myth created by the evil fancy of the odium theologicum. There never was such a creature, nor was its worship known among Templars or their predecessors, the Gnostics.

The god of Mendes, or the Greek Mendesius, a name given to Lower Egypt in pre-Christian days, was the ram-headed god Ammon, the living and holy spirit of Ra, the life-giving sun; and this led certain Greek authors into the error of affirming that the Egyptians called the "goat" (or the ram-headed god) himself, Mendes. Ammon was for ages the chief deity of Egypt, the supreme god; Amoun-Ra the "hidden god", or Amen (the concealed) the Self-engendered who is "his own father and his own son".

Esoterically, he was Pan, the god of nature or nature personified, and probably the cloven foot of Pan the goat-footed, helped to produce the error of this god being a goat. As Ammon’s shrine was at Pa-bi-neb-tat, "the dwelling of Tat or Spirit, Lord of Tat" (Bindedi in the Assyrian inscriptions), the Greeks first corrupted the name into Bendes and then into Mendes from "Mendesius". The "error" served ecclesiastical purposes too well to be made away with, even when recognized.

(See also: Mendes , Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary,)

Mendes [from Greek Bendes or Mendes from Egyptian Ba-neb-Tet ram]

Generally associated with the worship of the Goat of Mendes, also known as Baphomet. However, the goat was really a ram, the ram symbol of later Egypt, probably adopted when the equinoctial point entered the sign of the Ram, seen in the common usage of ram-headed deities, especially Khnemu. Mendes was a town in the Nile delta where the worship of the mystical ram-headed Ammon or Amen prevailed, as it did at Hermopolis and Lycopolis.

Ammon (the concealed) was a theological personification signifying the immense hidden divinity of the world who is not only self-engendered in his own spiritual being, but who is the source whence flow forth into manifestation the wide-flowing differentiated hierarchies of nature.

Because this idea involved the conception of generation and reproduction, the thought very soon became degenerate even in Egypt, and thus it was that later ages clothed Ammon with some of the merely naturally reproductive qualities that the Greeks gave their nature god Pan. Certain Greek authors twisted this into the story that the Egyptians worshiped a goat, probably from confusion with Pan, who was represented as being goat-limbed and who was, like Ammon but in a lower field of thought, a personification of nature.

Diodorus (1, 88) compares the worship of the Ram of Mendes to that of Priapus, while Manetho ascribes the origin of the cult to Kakau, a king of the 2nd dynasty.

(See also: Mendes , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

For all his PR problems of the time, Ince was still a regular choice for England squads, though he played few games for new coach Terry Venables in the long sequence of friendly and mini-tournament matches which were necessary as England were hosting the next major tournament (the 1996 European Championships) and therefore didn't have a qualifying campaign. With Ince now playing in Italy, it meant that Venables was unable to watch him play very often, though by everyone's admission Ince's two-year spell in Serie A, unlike many British footballers w ...

See also:

Paul Ince, Paul Ince - West Ham United, Paul Ince - Manchester United & England, Paul Ince - Internazionale, Paul Ince - Euro 96, Paul Ince - Liverpool & World Cup 1998, Paul Ince - Middlesbrough & Euro 2000, Paul Ince - Wolves & Retirement

Read more here: » Paul Ince: Encyclopedia II - Paul Ince - Euro 96

News of the Sago mine explosion first broke widely to televison viewers on the cable news channel CNN. At approximately 11:41 a.m. on January 2, during CNN Live Today, anchor Daryn Kagan, announced, "This just in, news out of West Virgina, an underground explosion at a coal mine there." Hundreds of media, reporters, camera crews, satellite trucks and photographers descended on the small community, taking over yards and setting up camp outside the Sago Baptist Church and at the mine's coal processing plant. Officials had turned a small second-story ...

See also:

2006 Sago Mine disaster, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - The explosion, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Immediate aftermath, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Rescue effort and recovery, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Response of government officials, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Medical treatment for survivor, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Investigation and inspections, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Safety violations, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Media coverage, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Miscommunication and wrong reports, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Media criticism of MSHA, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Victims, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Identities, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Farewell notes left to families, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - External links, 2006 Sago Mine disaster - References

Read more here: » 2006 Sago Mine disaster: Encyclopedia II - 2006 Sago Mine disaster - Media coverage

Tucson is located at 32°12′52″N, 110°55′5″W (32.214476, -110.918192)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 505.3 km² (195.1 mi²). 504.2 km² (194.7 mi²) of it is land and 1.1 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.22% water. Its elevation is 2,389 ft (728 m) above sea level. Tucson is bounded by four sets of mountains: the Santa Catalina Mountains to the N ...

See also:

Tucson Arizona, Tucson Arizona - History, Tucson Arizona - Geography, Tucson Arizona - Climate, Tucson Arizona - People and culture, Tucson Arizona - Demographics, Tucson Arizona - Annual cultural events and fairs, Tucson Arizona - Media, Tucson Arizona - Museums and art collections, Tucson Arizona - Parks and outdoor attractions, Tucson Arizona - Performing arts, Tucson Arizona - Sports, Tucson Arizona - Economy, Tucson Arizona - Miscellany, Tucson Arizona - Sister cities, Tucson Arizona - Additional reading

Read more here: » Tucson Arizona: Encyclopedia II - Tucson Arizona - Geography

Horus is an ancient god of Egyptian mythology, whose cult survived so long that he evolved dramatically over time and gained many names. The most well known name is the Greek Horus, representing the Egyptian Heru/Har, which is the basic element in most of the other names of Horus. Horus was so important that the Eye of Horus became an important Egyptian symbol of power and even to this day is represented on the U.S. one dollar bill. Horus - Mythology. Horus - Sky G ...

Including:

• Horus - Mythology
• Horus - Sky God
• Horus - Sun God
• Horus - Conquerer of Set
• Horus - Brother of Isis
• Horus - Son of Osiris
• Horus - Mystery Religion
• Horus - Horus and Jesus
• Horus - Neith's nativity
• Horus - See Also

Read more here: » Horus: Encyclopedia - Horus

Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Twenty-Ninth Dynasty. The Twenty-Sixth, Twenty-Seventh, Twenty-Eighth, Twenty-Ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-First Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Late Period. Nefaarud I, or Nepherites, founded the Twenty-Ninth Dynasty of Egypt (according to an account preserved in a papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at Memphis. Nefaarud made his capital at Mendes. On his dea ...

Read more here: » Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt: Encyclopedia - Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt

Osiris (Greek language, also Usiris; the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, or Ausare) is the Egyptian God of death and the underworld. The origin of Osiris' name is a mystery, which formes an obstacle to knowing the pronunciation of its hieroglyphic form. The majority of current thinking is that the Egyptian name is pronounced aser where the a is the letter ayin (i.e. a short 'a' pronounced from the back of the throat as if swallowing).< ...

Including:

• Osiris - Early Mythology
• Osiris - God of the Dead
• Osiris - Centipede
• Osiris - Father of Anubis
• Osiris - Father of Horus
• Osiris - Ram God
• Osiris - Mystery religion
• Osiris - Rituals
• Osiris - Serapis
• Osiris - Destruction
• Osiris - Osiris in popular culture

Read more here: » Osiris: Encyclopedia - Osiris