The Latin cross plan takes as its model the Roman Basilica. It consists of a nave and two sections half its size flanking it, and the altar stands at the far end (the short end or "head" of the cross). Also, cathedrals influenced or commissioned by Justinian employed the Byzantine style of domes and a Greek cross (resembling a plus sign), centering attention on the altar at the center of the church. Architecture in the Early Middle Ages may be divided into Early Christian, Merovingian, Carolingian, and Ottonian. While th ...

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Medieval architecture, Medieval architecture - Religious architecture, Medieval architecture - Romanesque, Medieval architecture - Gothic, Medieval architecture - Secular architecture, Medieval architecture - Examples, Medieval architecture - Elements of medieval architecture

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Medieval architecture, Medieval architecture - Religious architecture, Medieval architecture - Romanesque, Medieval architecture - Gothic, Medieval architecture - Secular architecture, Medieval architecture - Examples, Medieval architecture - Elements of medieval architecture

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After the Norman invasion of 1066, more consistent forms of design began to regularly appear. William I and his law lords built numerous castles and garrisons to uphold their authority. Often these were built initially of wood, speed of erection being of greater concern than design or appearance; the most well known of these is the Tower of London. However during the following two centuries of the Norman period further and even larger castles such as Caernarfon Castle in Wales and Carrickfergus Castle in Ireland were built to suppress the natives. Not all Norman architecture was of a military ...

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Architecture of the United Kingdom, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Pre-Roman architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Roman architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Anglo-Saxon architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Medieval architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Tudor architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Stuart architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Georgian architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Victorian architecture, Architecture of the United Kingdom - Twentieth century architecture

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Architectural history studies the evolution and history of architecture across the world through a consideration of various influences- artistic, cultural, political, economic and technological. In general, the question is one of relating meaning (intangible functions, purposes, symbols) with the built environment (material tables, windows, roofs, paths) through the necessities of life (food, work, communion etc.) within the historical context. Architectural history, like any other form of historical knowledge, is subject to the limit ...

Including:

• Architectural history - Prehistoric architecture
• Architectural history - Historic architecture Dated Events
• Architectural history - Ancient architecture
• Architectural history - Western Architecture — Classical to Eclecticism
• Architectural history - Classical architecture
• Architectural history - Medieval architecture
• Architectural history - Italian Renaissance architecture
• Architectural history - Baroque architecture
• Architectural history - The Age of Enlightenment
• Architectural history - Consequences of Enlightenment
• Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond
• Architectural history - Writing Tabula Rasa
• Architectural history - Postmodern architecture
• Architectural history - Critical Regionalism
• Architectural history - Regional architecture

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In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistery may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral and be provided with an altar as a chapel. In the early Christian Church, the catechumens were instructed and the sacrament of baptism was administered in the baptistery. The sacramental importance and sometimes architectural splendor of the baptistry reflect the importance of baptism to Chr ...

Including:

• Baptistery - Famous Baptisteries

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Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine empire. The empire emerged gradually after AD 330, when Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire to Byzantium, which was later renamed Constantinople and is now Istanbul. Byzantine architecture - General considerations. Early Byzantine architecture is essentially a continuation of Roman architecture. Prime examples survive mostly in Ravenna and Constantinople and include the churches of St Irene, St Sophia, and Sts Sergius and Bakchus, the ...

Including:

• Byzantine architecture - General considerations
• Byzantine architecture - Detailed description
• Byzantine architecture - Byzantine influence
• Byzantine architecture - Essential monuments

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Castor is a village in the Soke of Peterborough in England. Formerly in Northamptonshire, it is now in Cambridgeshire but is administered as part of the City of Peterborough, it is four miles west of the city centre. Its parish church (dedicated to St Kyneburgha) is notable for its Romanesque architecture and contains notable medieval wall paintings. The £9m dual-carriageway Ailsworth-Castor ...

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Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (January 27, 1814 – September 17, 1879) was a French architect and theorist, famous for his restorations of medieval buildings. Born in Paris, he was as central a figure in the Gothic Revival in France as he was in the public discourse on "honesty" in architecture, which eventually transcended all revival styles, to inform the moving spirit of Modernism. Sir John Summerson considered that "there have been two supremely eminent theorists in the history of European architecture—Leon Battista Alberti a ...

Including:

• Eugène Viollet-le-Duc - Early years
• Eugène Viollet-le-Duc - As an Architectural Restorer
• Eugène Viollet-le-Duc - Legacy
• Eugène Viollet-le-Duc - Publications
• Eugène Viollet-le-Duc - Reference

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In Medieval architecture a corbel or console names a piece of stone jutting out of a wall to carry any superincumbent weight. A piece of timber projecting in the same way was called a "tassel" or a "bragger". The word "corbel" comes from the Latin corbellus, a diminutive of corvus (a raven) on account of the beak-like appearance. Italians express the concept of the corbel as mensola, the French as corbeau or as cul-de-lampe, the Germans as Kragstein. Norman corbels general ...

Including:

• Corbel - Examples
• Corbel - Reference

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Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar. "Nave" ( Medieval Latin navis, "ship,") was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting. The nave of a church, whether Romanesque, Gothic or Classical, extends from the entry—which may have a separate vestibule, the narthex— to the chancel and is flanked by lower a ...

Including:

• Nave - Some naves

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The medieval state of Kievan Rus' incorporated parts of what is now Ukraine and was centered around Kiev. Its influence on architectural tradition extended to the modern states of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. The status of Kievan Rus' as a precursor state to Russia is a somewhat politically charged issue after the fall of Soviet Union and the independence of Ukraine and Belarus. The great churches of Kievan Rus', built after the adoption of Christianity in 988, were the first examples of monumental architecture in the East Slavic lan ...

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Russian architecture, Russian architecture - Medieval Rus' 988–1230, Russian architecture - Early Muscovite period 1230–1530, Russian architecture - Middle Muscovite period 1530–1630, Russian architecture - Late Muscovite period 1612–1712, Russian architecture - Imperial Russia 1712–1917, Russian architecture - Modern Russia since 1917

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The instrumentalisation of Architecture as paraded by "form follows function" after "wiping the slate clean". Arts and Crafts Movement Art Nouveau Futurist architecture Constructivist architecture Chicago school De Stijl Art Deco Bauhaus International Style Nazi architecture Socialist realism Le Corbusier: a machine for living, modern poetry? Architectural history - Writing Tabula Rasa. Meanw ...

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Architectural history, Architectural history - Prehistoric architecture, Architectural history - Historic architecture Dated Events, Architectural history - Ancient architecture, Architectural history - Western Architecture — Classical to Eclecticism, Architectural history - Classical architecture, Architectural history - Medieval architecture, Architectural history - Italian Renaissance architecture, Architectural history - Baroque architecture, Architectural history - The Age of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Consequences of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond, Architectural history - Writing Tabula Rasa, Architectural history - Postmodern architecture, Architectural history - Critical Regionalism, Architectural history - Regional architecture

Read more here: » Architectural history: Encyclopedia II - Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond

For the key architectural event(s) of any year in history, just search under ### in architecture, where ### is a year, as 23 BC in architecture. Not all years have an architectural page or a page exactly under that format, but the search page which appears instead may be used to explore further. In general capitalize BC and omit AD for specific years, but do include AD for a group of years, as 1-99 AD in architecture. The search page (which will appear when using the search funct ...

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Architectural history, Architectural history - Prehistoric architecture, Architectural history - Historic architecture Dated Events, Architectural history - Ancient architecture, Architectural history - Western Architecture — Classical to Eclecticism, Architectural history - Classical architecture, Architectural history - Medieval architecture, Architectural history - Italian Renaissance architecture, Architectural history - Baroque architecture, Architectural history - The Age of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Consequences of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond, Architectural history - Writing Tabula Rasa, Architectural history - Postmodern architecture, Architectural history - Critical Regionalism, Architectural history - Regional architecture

Read more here: » Architectural history: Encyclopedia II - Architectural history - Historic architecture Dated Events

The instrumentalisation of Architecture as paraded by "form follows function" after "wiping the slate clean". Arts and Crafts Movement Art Deco Art Nouveau Bauhaus Constructivist architecture Chicago school De Stijl Futurist architecture International Style Le Corbusier Nazi architecture Socialist realism Architec ...

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Architectural history, Architectural history - Prehistoric architecture, Architectural history - Historic architecture Dated Events, Architectural history - Ancient architecture, Architectural history - Western Architecture — Classical to Eclecticism, Architectural history - Classical architecture, Architectural history - Medieval architecture, Architectural history - Italian Renaissance architecture, Architectural history - Baroque architecture, Architectural history - The Age of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Consequences of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond, Architectural history - Writing Tabula Rasa, Architectural history - Postmodern architecture, Architectural history - Critical Regionalism, Architectural history - Regional architecture

Read more here: » Architectural history: Encyclopedia II - Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond

Architectural history - Classical architecture. Main article: Classical architecture The architecture and urbanism of the Greeks and Romans were very different from those of the Egyptians or Persians in that civic life gained importance. During the time of the ancients, religious matters were the preserve of the ruling order alone; by the time of the Greeks, religious mystery had skipped the confines of the temple-palace compounds and was the subject of the people or polis. Greek ...

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Architectural history, Architectural history - Prehistoric architecture, Architectural history - Historic architecture Dated Events, Architectural history - Ancient architecture, Architectural history - Western Architecture — Classical to Eclecticism, Architectural history - Classical architecture, Architectural history - Medieval architecture, Architectural history - Italian Renaissance architecture, Architectural history - Baroque architecture, Architectural history - The Age of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Consequences of Enlightenment, Architectural history - Modern architecture and beyond, Architectural history - Writing Tabula Rasa, Architectural history - Postmodern architecture, Architectural history - Critical Regionalism, Architectural history - Regional architecture

Read more here: » Architectural history: Encyclopedia II - Architectural history - Western Architecture — Classical to Eclecticism

Famous Italian baptistries include: The Lateran Baptistery, Rome, the most significant and architecturally most influential baptistry in the Christian West, founded by Pope Sixtus III; The Baptistry of San Giovanni in Forte, Ravenna; The Baptistry of Parma; The Tuscan Romanesque Battistero di San Giovanni, associated with Santa Maria del Fiore, the duomo of Florence, rebuilt between 1059 and 1150; it contains Ghiberti's "Doors of Paradise"; Baptistry competition The circul ...

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Baptistery, Baptistery - Famous Baptisteries

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Listed below are examples of surviving Romanesque buildings in modern France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, England, Netherlands, Scandinavia and Central Europe. Romanesque architecture - France. Gordes, Abbey of Sénanque Saint-Foy, Conques Saint-Sernin, Toulouse Saint-Bénigne, Dijon Notre-Dame-du-Port, Clermont-Ferrand Saint-Austremoine, Issoire Notre-Dame, Orcival Saint-Nectaire Saint-Saturnin Saint-Pierre, Angoulà ...

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Romanesque architecture, Romanesque architecture - Surviving Romanesque buildings, Romanesque architecture - France, Romanesque architecture - Germany, Romanesque architecture - Spain, Romanesque architecture - Switzerland, Romanesque architecture - Ireland, Romanesque architecture - Italy, Romanesque architecture - England, Romanesque architecture - Netherlands, Romanesque architecture - Belgium, Romanesque architecture - Scandinavia, Romanesque architecture - Poland, Romanesque architecture - Central Europe

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As early as the building of Constantine's churches in Palestine there were two chief types of plan in use: the basilican, or axial, type, represented by the basilica at the Holy Sepulchre, and the circular, or central, type, represented by the great octagonal church once at Antioch. Those of the latter type we must suppose were nearly always vaulted, for a central dome would seem to furnish their very raison d'etre. The central space was sometimes surrounded by a very thick wall, in which deep recesses, to the interior, were formed, as at th ...

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Byzantine architecture, Byzantine architecture - General considerations, Byzantine architecture - Detailed description, Byzantine architecture - Byzantine influence, Byzantine architecture - Essential monuments

Read more here: » Byzantine architecture: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine architecture - Detailed description

The style emphasizes verticality and features almost skeletal stone structures with great expanses of glass, sharply pointed spires, cluster columns, flying buttresses, ribbed vaults, pointed arches using the ogive shape, and inventive sculptural detail. These features are all the consequence of a focus on large stained-glass windows that allowed more light to enter than was possible with older styles. To achieve this "light" style, flying buttresses were used as a means of support to enable higher ceilings and slender columns. Many of these features had already appeared, for example i ...

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Gothic architecture, Gothic architecture - Origins, Gothic architecture - The Term Gothic, Gothic architecture - Characteristics, Gothic architecture - Brick Gothic, Gothic architecture - Gothic Architecture in England, Gothic architecture - Sequence of Gothic Styles: France, Gothic architecture - Sequence of Gothic styles: England, Gothic architecture - Gothic revival, Gothic architecture - Gothic in the 20th Century, Gothic architecture - List of notable Gothic structures, Gothic architecture - Some famous Neo-Gothic structures

Read more here: » Gothic architecture: Encyclopedia II - Gothic architecture - Characteristics

Middle Ages - Middle Ages in history. Main article: Middle Ages in history After the Middle Ages ended subsequent generations imagined, portrayed and interpreted the Middle Ages in different ways. Every century has created its own vision of the Middle Ages; the 18th century view of the Middle Ages was entirely different from the 19th century which was different from the 16th century view. The reality of these images remains with us today in the form of film, architecture, literature, art and popular conception. Middle A ...

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Middle Ages, Middle Ages - The Early Middle Ages, Middle Ages - A new order, Middle Ages - A Carolingian renaissance, Middle Ages - The High Middle Ages, Middle Ages - The Crusades, Middle Ages - Technology, Middle Ages - The Late Middle Ages circa 1300-1500, Middle Ages - Historiography, Middle Ages - Middle Ages in history, Middle Ages - Medieval and Middle Ages, Middle Ages - Periodization issues, Middle Ages - Religion in the Middle Ages, Middle Ages - Selected bibliography

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