Universities worldwide recognize that, in order to address the problems facing humanity today, they must increase their commitment to interdisciplinarity. For example, a grass-roots effort by faculty and students at Stanford University resulted in a new program called Bio-X, which explores the intersections among biology, computer science, medicine, and engineering. The program is housed in the Clark Center, which opened in 2003. Situated along the pathways between the university and the medical center, the Clark Center is designed to both e ...

See also:

Interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity - Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity - Barriers to interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity - New interdisciplinary programs, Interdisciplinarity - Relation to holism

Read more here: » Interdisciplinarity: Encyclopedia II - Interdisciplinarity - New interdisciplinary programs

Falun Gong (Traditional: 法輪功; Simplified: 法轮功; Hanyu Pinyin: Fǎlún Gōng; literally "Practice of the Wheel of Law") is also known as Falun Dafa (Traditional: 法輪大法; Simplified: 法轮大法; Hanyu Pinyin: Fǎlún dàfǎ; lit. "Great Law of the Wheel of Law"). It was introduced to the general public in 1992 by Li Hong ...

See also:

Falun Gong, Falun Gong - Origins and Beliefs, Falun Gong - Beliefs, Falun Gong - Purifying the Body, Falun Gong - Morality, Falun Gong - Government Crackdown, Falun Gong - The Media War, Falun Gong - The Tiananmen Square Self-Immolation Incident, Falun Gong - Foreign Views on Falun Gong, Falun Gong - 24 Hour Continuous Protests, Falun Gong - Falun Gong Presence in Major Metropolitan Areas

Read more here: » Falun Gong: Encyclopedia II - Falun Gong - Origins and Beliefs

The distinctions between science, engineering and technology are not always clear. Generally, science is the reasoned investigation or study of nature, aimed at discovering nonperishable relationships (principles) among elements of the experienced (phenomenal) world, generally employing formal techniques, i.e., some set of established rules of procedure, such as the scientific method. Engineering is the formal use of scientific principles to achieve a planned result. However, technology broadly involves the use and application of know ...

See also:

Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Science engineering and technology

Technology - Autonomous technology. In one line of thought, technology develops autonomously, in other words technology seems to feed on itself, moving forward with a force irresistible by humans. To these individuals, technology is "inherently dynamic and self-augmenting." (McGinn, p. 73) Jacques Ellul is one proponent of the irresistibleness of technology to humans. He espouses the idea that humanity cannot resist the temptation of expanding our knowledge and our technological abilities. He, however, doe ...

See also:

Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - Control

History of technology - History of biotechnology. Main article: History of biotechnology To be incorporated into main article: Timeline of agriculture and food technology Hunter-gatherer Agriculture Food science Genetically modified food History of agricultural science History of gardening Biotechnology (timeline, etc.) History of sushi History of tea in China History of technology - History of civil engineeringSee also:

History of technology, History of technology - By period and geography, History of technology - Early technology, History of technology - Prehistoric times, History of technology - Ancient Egypt, History of technology - Tribal Europe, History of technology - Ancient Rome, History of technology - Ancient India, History of technology - Ancient China, History of technology - Medieval China, History of technology - Inca, History of technology - Maya, History of technology - European, History of technology - Measuring technological progress, History of technology - By type of technology, History of technology - History of biotechnology, History of technology - History of civil engineering, History of technology - History of communication, History of technology - History of computing, History of technology - History of consumer technology, History of technology - History of electrical engineering, History of technology - History of energy technology, History of technology - History of materials science, History of technology - History of medicine, History of technology - History of military technology, History of technology - History of nuclear technology, History of technology - History of scientific technology, History of technology - History of timekeeping, History of technology - History of transport technology, History of technology - Related history, History of technology - Related disciplines, History of technology - Related subjects, History of technology - Future of science and technology speculative, History of technology - People, History of technology - Historiography of science and technology, History of technology - Historians of science and technology, History of technology - Journals and periodicals in the history of science and technology, History of technology - Research institutes

Read more here: » History of technology: Encyclopedia II - History of technology - By type of technology

Exercise machine - Weight machines. Weight machines use gravity as the primary source of resistance, and a combination of simple machines to convey that resistance to the person using the machine. Each of the simple machines (pulley, lever, wheel, incline) changes the mechanical advantage of the overall machine relative to the weight. A stack machine, also called a stack or rack, has a set of massive rectangular plates that are pierced by a vertical bar which has holes d ...

See also:

Exercise machine, Exercise machine - Resistance machines, Exercise machine - Weight machines, Exercise machine - Other kinds of resistance machines, Exercise machine - Endless-path machines, Exercise machine - Stationary bicycles, Exercise machine - Running/Walking machines, Exercise machine - Climbing machines, Exercise machine - Notes

Read more here: » Exercise machine: Encyclopedia II - Exercise machine - Resistance machines

Magnesium compounds, primarily magnesium oxide, are used mainly as refractory material in furnace linings for producing iron and steel, nonferrous metals, glass, and cement. Magnesium oxide and other compounds also are used in agricultural, chemical, and construction industries. As a metal, this element's principal use is as an alloying additive to aluminium with these aluminium-magnesium alloys being used mainly for beverage cans. Magnesium, in its purest form,is like aluminum, and is strong and light, so it is used in several high v ...

See also:

Magnesium, Magnesium - Notable characteristics, Magnesium - Applications, Magnesium - History, Magnesium - Sources, Magnesium - Compounds in living organisms, Magnesium - Food sources, Magnesium - Isotopes, Magnesium - Precautions

Read more here: » Magnesium: Encyclopedia II - Magnesium - Applications

Exercise machine - Weight machines. Weight machines use gravity as the primary source of resistance, and a combination of simple machines to convey that resistance to the person using the machine. Each of the simple machines (pulley, lever, wheel, incline) changes the mechanical advantage of the overall machine relative to the weight. A stack machine, also called a stack or rack, has a set of massive rectangular plates that are pierced by a vertical bar which has holes d ...

See also:

Exercise machine, Exercise machine - Resistance machines, Exercise machine - Weight machines, Exercise machine - Other kinds of resistance machines, Exercise machine - Endless-path machines, Exercise machine - Stationary bicycles, Exercise machine - Running/Walking machines, Exercise machine - Climbing machines, Exercise machine - Skiing machines, Exercise machine - Rowing machines, Exercise machine - Notes

Read more here: » Exercise machine: Encyclopedia II - Exercise machine - Resistance machines

Main article: Sumerian language. Sumerian is a language isolate, meaning that it is unrelated to any other known languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words. Sumerians invented picture-hieroglyphs that developed into later cuneiform, and theirs is the oldest known written human language. An extremely large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumeria ...

See also:

Sumer, Sumer - Background, Sumer - History, Sumer - Downfall, Sumer - Agriculture and hunting, Sumer - Architecture, Sumer - Culture, Sumer - Economy and trade, Sumer - Military, Sumer - Religion, Sumer - Technology, Sumer - Language and writing, Sumer - Legacy

Read more here: » Sumer: Encyclopedia II - Sumer - Language and writing

After living among the Lakota people, Jacob decides to take his family back to Wheelerton, Virginia to live with his family. Unfortunately, Jacob's white family gives Thunder Heart Woman a much colder reception than her family gave him. After living in Wheelerton for a time, Jacob decides to once again go west. This time, Jacob's brother Jethro (Skeet Ulrich) decides to come along. They are also accompanied by Jacob's three young female cousins; Leah Wheeler (Emily Holmes), Rachel Wheeler (Jessica Capshaw), and Naomi Wheeler (Keri Russell). The three gi ...

See also:

Into the West miniseries, Into the West miniseries - Episode 1 - Wheel to the Stars, Into the West miniseries - Episode 2 - Manifest Destiny, Into the West miniseries - Episode 3 - Dreams and Schemes, Into the West miniseries - Episode 4 - Hell on Wheels, Into the West miniseries - Episode 5 - Casualties of War, Into the West miniseries - Episode 6 - Ghost Dance, Into the West miniseries - DVD

Read more here: » Into the West miniseries: Encyclopedia II - Into the West miniseries - Episode 2 - Manifest Destiny

1828: Josiah Mason improved a cheap, efficient slip-in nib which could be added to a fountain pen. 1830. With the invention of a new machine, William Joseph Gillott, William Mitchell and James Stephen Perry devise a way to mass manufacture robust, cheap steel pen nibs. 1837: custard powder was invented by pharmacist Alfred Bird. George Elkington and Henry Elkington founded the English electroplating industry in the early 1800s. In 1840, they aided John Wright, who discovered that potassium cy ...

See also:

Science and invention in Birmingham, Science and invention in Birmingham - 18th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 19th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 20th century, Science and invention in Birmingham - 21st century

Read more here: » Science and invention in Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Science and invention in Birmingham - 19th century

Technology - General characteristics. With the ubiquity of technology in use in modern society, it may seem futile to attempt a comprehensive list of common characteristics. Still, many authors, such as McGinn (1991) and Winston (2003), list the following as key: Complexity refers to the characteristic that most modern tools are difficult to understand (i.e., require substantial preparatory training to manufacture and/or use). Some are relatively easy to use (and understand the use of), but relative ...

See also:

Technology, Technology - Technology as tool, Technology - Technology as technique, Technology - Technology as a cultural force, Technology - Science engineering and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - The nature of technology

Civilization II - Civilizations. Americans Aztecs Babylonians Carthaginians Celts Chinese Egyptians Englishs French Germans Greeks Indians Japanese Mongols Persians Romans Russians Spanish Sioux Vikings Zulus In addition, if one looks at the programming, it reveals that Arabs a ...

See also:

Civilization II, Civilization II - Description, Civilization II - Scoring and Winning the Game, Civilization II - Expansions, Civilization II - Awards, Civilization II - Related games, Civilization II - Features, Civilization II - Civilizations, Civilization II - Technologies, Civilization II - Units, Civilization II - City Improvements, Civilization II - Wonders of the World

Read more here: » Civilization II: Encyclopedia II - Civilization II - Features

The letter B probably started as a pictogram of the floorplan of a house in Egyptian hieroglyphs or the Proto-semitic alphabet. By 1500 BC, the Phoenician alphabet's letter had a linear form that served as the basis for all later forms, which appeared in both the angular and more rounded forms. Its name must have corresponded closely to the Hebrew beth. When the Ancient Greeks adopted the alphabet, they changed its name to beta and turned the letter upside-down and later added a second loop. In earlier Greek inscriptions, the l ...

See also:

B, B - History, B - Typography, B - Usage, B - Alternative representations, B - Computing, B - Meanings for B

Read more here: » B: Encyclopedia II - B - History

In English and most other languages that use the Latin alphabet, the letter b denotes the voiced bilabial plosive (IPA /b/), as in bib. In English it is sometimes "silent", as in debt or comb. In medial position in Spanish it denotes the voiced bilabial fricative (IPA /β/). In Estonian, Icelandic, and in Chinese transcription, B is not voiced, but is still contrasted to P, which is a geminate See also:

B, B - History, B - Typography, B - Usage, B - Alternative representations, B - Computing, B - Meanings for B

Read more here: » B: Encyclopedia II - B - Usage

Bravo represents the letter B in the NATO phonetic alphabet. In international Morse code the letter B is DahDitDitDit: - · · · In Braille the letter B is represented as ⠃ (in Unicode), the dot pattern, X. X. .. B - Computing. In Unicode the capital B is codepoint U+0042 and the lowercase b is U+0062. The ASCII code for capital B is 66 and for lowercase b is 98; or in binary 01000010 and 01100010, correspondingly. The EBCDIC code ...

See also:

B, B - History, B - Typography, B - Usage, B - Alternative representations, B - Computing, B - Meanings for B

Read more here: » B: Encyclopedia II - B - Alternative representations

There are many Symbols and Images that are associated with Taoism. Like in Christianity "Jesus" and the "cross", and in Buddhism the "wheel", Taoism has Lao Tzu, actual Chinese characters, and many other symbols that are often represent or are associated with it. Many people assume the Taijitu symbol--perhaps together with the Bagua 八卦 ("Eight Trigrams")--to be Taoist symbols. While many Taoist organizations do make use of it, one could with equal justice call it Confucian, Neo-Confucian or pan-Chinese. The yin and y ...

See also:

Taoism, Taoism - History, Taoism - Warring States Period 403-222 BCE, Taoism - Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220 CE, Taoism - Three Kingdoms Period 220-265, Taoism - Six Dynasties 316-589, Taoism - Tang Dynasty 618-907, Taoism - Song Dynasty 960-1279, Taoism - Yuan Dynasty 1279-1367, Taoism - Nationalist Period 1912-1949, Taoism - People's Republic of China 1949-present, Taoism - Adherents, Taoism - Beliefs, Taoism - Religious Taoism, Taoism - Philosophical Taoism, Taoism - Deities, Taoism - Religious Taoism, Taoism - Philosophical Taoism, Taoism - Practices, Taoism - Religious Taoism, Taoism - Philosophical Taoism, Taoism - Scriptures, Taoism - Religious Taoism, Taoism - Philosophical Taoism, Taoism - Taoist Symbols and Images, Taoism - Relations With Other Religions and Philosophies

Read more here: » Taoism: Encyclopedia II - Taoism - Taoist Symbols and Images

Only one Dymaxion house was ever constructed and lived-in. The prototype was purchased as salvage by an enthusiast after the venture failed. This prototype was constructed of aluminum, and remains in existence. It was inhabited for about thirty years, although as an extension to an existing ranch house, rather than standing alone as intended by Fuller. It was extensively restored and installed indoors in the Henry Ford Museum in 2001. Regrettably, during erection, a crucial internal rain-gutter was omitted because the factory-trained ...

See also:

Dymaxion house, Dymaxion house - History, Dymaxion house - The real Dymaxion house, Dymaxion house - External link

Read more here: » Dymaxion house: Encyclopedia II - Dymaxion house - The real Dymaxion house

National Huaqiao University (华侨大学) (Quanzhou) Xiamen University (厦门大学) (founded 1921) (Xiamen) Public Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (福建农林大学) (Fuzhou) Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (福建中医学院) (Fuzhou) Fujian Medical University (福建医科大学) (Fuzhou) Fujian Normal University (福建师范大学) (founded 1907) (Fuzhou) Fujian University of Technology (福建工程学院) ( ...

See also:

Fujian, Fujian - Quemoy and Matsu, Fujian - History, Fujian - Geography, Fujian - Subdivisions, Fujian - Economy, Fujian - Demographics, Fujian - Culture, Fujian - Tourism, Fujian - Miscellaneous topics, Fujian - Colleges and Universities, Fujian - Sources

Read more here: » Fujian: Encyclopedia II - Fujian - Colleges and Universities

Prayer - Hindu Prayer. Hinduism has incorporated many kinds of prayer, from fire-based rituals to philosophical musings. Prayer was part and parcel of the Vedic lifestyle, and as such permeated their books. Indeed, the highest sacred texts of the Hindus, the Vedas, are a large collection of mantras (sacred hymns of Hindus, later adopted by Buddhists) and prayer rituals extolling a single supreme force, Brahman, that is made manifest in several lower forms as the familiar gods of the Hindu pantheon. Hindus in Indi ...

See also:

Prayer, Prayer - Approaches, Prayer - The act of prayer, Prayer - Prayer in the Abrahamic religions, Prayer - Prayer in the Bible, Prayer - Jewish prayer, Prayer - Christian prayer, Prayer - Islamic prayer, Prayer - Bahá'í prayer, Prayer - Prayer in other religions, Prayer - Hindu Prayer, Prayer - Buddhism, Prayer - Prayer in Jainism, Prayer - Neopagan Prayers, Prayer - Philosophical paradoxes of prayer, Prayer - The educational approach, Prayer - The Kabbalistic view of prayer, Prayer - The rationalist approach, Prayer - The experiential approach, Prayer - Experimental evaluation of prayer, Prayer - Historical polytheistic prayer, Prayer - Prevalence, Prayer - References and footnotes

Read more here: » Prayer: Encyclopedia II - Prayer - Prayer in other religions

A famous statistical experiment to determine whether or not prayer was effective was conducted by Francis Galton in 1872. Galton hypothetized that if prayer was effective, members of the British Royal family would live longer, given that thousands prayed for their wellbeing every Sunday. He therefore compared longetivity of the British Royal family with that of the general population, and found no difference. While the experiment was probably intended to satirize, and suffered from a number of confounders, it set the precedent for a numb ...

See also:

Prayer, Prayer - Approaches, Prayer - The act of prayer, Prayer - Prayer in the Abrahamic religions, Prayer - Prayer in the Bible, Prayer - Jewish prayer, Prayer - Christian prayer, Prayer - Islamic prayer, Prayer - Bahá'í prayer, Prayer - Prayer in other religions, Prayer - Hindu Prayer, Prayer - Buddhism, Prayer - Prayer in Jainism, Prayer - Neopagan Prayers, Prayer - Philosophical paradoxes of prayer, Prayer - The educational approach, Prayer - The Kabbalistic view of prayer, Prayer - The rationalist approach, Prayer - The experiential approach, Prayer - Experimental evaluation of prayer, Prayer - Historical polytheistic prayer, Prayer - Prevalence, Prayer - References and footnotes

Read more here: » Prayer: Encyclopedia II - Prayer - Experimental evaluation of prayer

The history of technology is as old as the history of humanity because history proper refers to what could be recorded by technological means. Mind you that other animals currently use tools and animals prior to human existence may have as well. The history of technology follows a progression from simple (low-tech) tools and simple energy sources to complex ("hi-tech") tools. The earliest technologies converted natural resources into simple tools. Processes such as carving, chipping, scraping, rolling (the wheel), and sun-bakin ...

See also:

Technology, Technology - Science and technology, Technology - History of technology, Technology - The nature of technology, Technology - General characteristics, Technology - Types of technology, Technology - Relationship with society, Technology - Economics and technological development, Technology - Funding, Technology - Other economic considerations, Technology - Side effects, Technology - Sociological, Technology - International, Technology - Environmental, Technology - Control, Technology - Autonomous technology, Technology - Government, Technology - Choice, Technology - Technology and philosophy, Technology - Technicism, Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology, Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia II - Technology - History of technology