TM is practiced for fifteen to twenty minutes twice daily while sitting comfortably with the eyes closed. In essence, the TM technique comprises the silent mental repetition of a simple sound known as a mantra, allowing the repetition to spontaneously become quieter and quieter, until it disappears and one is left conscious, but without thoughts. This is the goal of the inward stroke of meditation and is called pure consciousness (in Sanskrit: turiya or samadhi similar to Abraham Maslow's concept of peak experience). Alongside ...

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Transcendental meditation, Transcendental meditation - History, Transcendental meditation - Effects of TM, Transcendental meditation - Procedures and theory, Transcendental meditation - Pure consciousness, Transcendental meditation - Stress, Transcendental meditation - Mantra, Transcendental meditation - TM and religion, Transcendental meditation - Criticisms and controversies, Transcendental meditation - Possible negative side effects, Transcendental meditation - TM-Sidhi Program and Maharishi Effect, Transcendental meditation - Publications on Maharishi's technologies, Transcendental meditation - Political activities of the TM organization, Transcendental meditation - Sexism and the TM organization, Transcendental meditation - Importance of Correct Buildings, Transcendental meditation - Notable practitioners, Transcendental meditation - Reference

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Bipolar disorder - Heritability. Bipolar disorder appears to run in families. The rate of suicide is higher in people who have bipolar disorder than in the general population. In fact, people with bipolar disorder are about twice as likely to commit suicide as those suffering from major depression (12% to 6%). The rate of prevalence of bipolar disorder is roughly equal in men and women. Lifetime risk of bipolar I disorder is often quoted as around 1%, but when bipolar II is included the true rate may be around 4%.^{See also:}

Bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Diagnostic criteria, Bipolar disorder - Epidemiology, Bipolar disorder - Etiology, Bipolar disorder - Co-occurring conditions, Bipolar disorder - Manifestations of bipolar disorder: types of episodes, Bipolar disorder - Cycles in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Domains of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Mania, Bipolar disorder - Hypomania, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar depression, Bipolar disorder - Cognition, Bipolar disorder - The Mood Spectrum, Bipolar disorder - Environmental factors affecting mood in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Treatment of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Principles, Bipolar disorder - Prognosis, Bipolar disorder - Lithium salts, Bipolar disorder - Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, Bipolar disorder - Atypical antipsychotic drugs, Bipolar disorder - Omega-3 fatty acids, Bipolar disorder - Psychotherapy, Bipolar disorder - Electroconvulsive therapy, Bipolar disorder - Medical Marijuana, Bipolar disorder - Alternative treatments, Bipolar disorder - Treatment issues, Bipolar disorder - Research findings, Bipolar disorder - Heritability, Bipolar disorder - Recent genetic research, Bipolar disorder - Medical imaging, Bipolar disorder - Personality types, Bipolar disorder - Research into new treatments, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar disorder and creativity, Bipolar disorder - Sources

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Bipolar disorder - Heritability. Bipolar disorder appears to run in families. The rate of suicide is higher in people who have bipolar disorder than in the general population. In fact, people with bipolar disorder are about twice as likely to commit suicide as those suffering from major depression (12% to 6%). More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the disorder or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a genetic component. Studies ...

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Bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Diagnostic criteria, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a manic episode DSM-IV-TR, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a major depressive period DSM-IV-TR, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a mixed episode, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a hypomanic episode, Bipolar disorder - Epidemiology, Bipolar disorder - Etiology, Bipolar disorder - Comorbid conditions, Bipolar disorder - Cycles in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Domains of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Mania, Bipolar disorder - Hypomania, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar depression, Bipolar disorder - Cognition, Bipolar disorder - The Mood Spectrum Perspective, Bipolar disorder - Environmental factors affecting mood in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Treatment of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Principles, Bipolar disorder - Prognosis, Bipolar disorder - Lithium salts, Bipolar disorder - Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, Bipolar disorder - Atypical antipsychotic drugs, Bipolar disorder - Omega-3 fatty acids, Bipolar disorder - Psychotherapy, Bipolar disorder - Electroconvulsive therapy, Bipolar disorder - Medical Marijuana, Bipolar disorder - Alternative treatments, Bipolar disorder - Treatment issues, Bipolar disorder - Research findings, Bipolar disorder - Heritability, Bipolar disorder - Recent genetic research, Bipolar disorder - Medical imaging, Bipolar disorder - Personality types, Bipolar disorder - Research into new treatments, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar disorder and creativity, Bipolar disorder - Sources

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Bipolar disorder - Heritability. Bipolar disorder appears to run in families. The rate of suicide is higher in people who have bipolar disorder than in the general population. In fact, people with bipolar disorder are about twice as likely to commit suicide as those suffering from major depression (12% to 6%). More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the disorder or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. Studi ...

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Bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Diagnostic criteria, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a manic episode DSM-IV-TR, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a major depressive period DSM-IV-TR, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a mixed episode, Bipolar disorder - Criteria for a hypomanic episode, Bipolar disorder - Epidemiology, Bipolar disorder - Etiology, Bipolar disorder - Comorbid conditions, Bipolar disorder - Cycles in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Domains of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Mania, Bipolar disorder - Hypomania, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar depression, Bipolar disorder - Cognition, Bipolar disorder - The Mood Spectrum Perspective, Bipolar disorder - Environmental factors affecting mood in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Treatment of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Principles, Bipolar disorder - Prognosis, Bipolar disorder - Lithium salts, Bipolar disorder - Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, Bipolar disorder - Atypical antipsychotic drugs, Bipolar disorder - Omega-3 fatty acids, Bipolar disorder - Psychotherapy, Bipolar disorder - Electroconvulsive therapy, Bipolar disorder - Medical Marijuana, Bipolar disorder - Alternative treatments, Bipolar disorder - Treatment issues, Bipolar disorder - Research findings, Bipolar disorder - Heritability, Bipolar disorder - Recent genetic research, Bipolar disorder - Medical imaging, Bipolar disorder - Personality types, Bipolar disorder - Research into new treatments, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar disorder and creativity, Bipolar disorder - Sources

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Bipolar disorder - Heritability. Bipolar disorder appears to run in families. The rate of suicide is higher in people who have bipolar disorder than in the general population. In fact, people with bipolar disorder are about twice as likely to commit suicide as those suffering from major depression (12% to 6%). More than two-thirds of people with bipolar disorder have at least one close relative with the disorder or with unipolar major depression, indicating that the disease has a heritable component. Studi ...

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Bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Diagnostic criteria, Bipolar disorder - Epidemiology, Bipolar disorder - Etiology, Bipolar disorder - Comorbid conditions, Bipolar disorder - Cycles in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Domains of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Mania, Bipolar disorder - Hypomania, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar depression, Bipolar disorder - Cognition, Bipolar disorder - The Mood Spectrum Perspective, Bipolar disorder - Environmental factors affecting mood in bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Treatment of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder - Principles, Bipolar disorder - Prognosis, Bipolar disorder - Lithium salts, Bipolar disorder - Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, Bipolar disorder - Atypical antipsychotic drugs, Bipolar disorder - Omega-3 fatty acids, Bipolar disorder - Psychotherapy, Bipolar disorder - Electroconvulsive therapy, Bipolar disorder - Medical Marijuana, Bipolar disorder - Alternative treatments, Bipolar disorder - Treatment issues, Bipolar disorder - Research findings, Bipolar disorder - Heritability, Bipolar disorder - Recent genetic research, Bipolar disorder - Medical imaging, Bipolar disorder - Personality types, Bipolar disorder - Research into new treatments, Bipolar disorder - Bipolar disorder and creativity, Bipolar disorder - Sources

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Many modern philosophers and social scientists either dispute the concept of an unconscious, or argue that it is not something that can be scientifically investigated or discussed rationally. In the social sciences, this view was first brought forward by John Watson, considered to be the first American behaviourist. Among philosophers, Karl Popper was one of Freud's most notable contemporary opponents. Popper claimed that Freud's theory of the unconscious was not falsifiable. Still, many, perhaps most, psychologists and cognitive scientists agree that many things of w ...

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Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea, Unconscious mind - Freud's definition, Unconscious mind - Controversy, Unconscious mind - Terminology, Unconscious mind - Unconscious mental processes, Unconscious mind - Questions about Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Application of unconscious

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Somewhat related to the unconscious are nonconscious psychic events. The term nonconscious seems to be used in various ways. Some appear to use the term to avoid the somewhat value-laden term "unconscious" or "subconscious", but basically for the same purpose. Others use it to refer to events that can only be observed indirectly (e.g. certain acts of short-term memory), and still others use it to point to events such as brain activity controlled mostly by the autonomic nervous system (e.g. emotional reactions to certain smells). Not surprisi ...

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Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea, Unconscious mind - Freud's definition, Unconscious mind - Controversy, Unconscious mind - Terminology, Unconscious mind - Unconscious mental processes, Unconscious mind - Questions about Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Application of unconscious

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The subconscious is not directly accessible to ordinary introspection, but it is capable of being "tapped" and "interpreted" by special methods and techniques such as random association, dream analysis, and verbal slips (commonly known as a Freudian slip), examined and conducted during psychotherapy. Thoughts, feelings and urges that are repressed are all present in the subconscious mind and "issues" need to be "worked out" with pr ...

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Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea, Unconscious mind - Freud's definition, Unconscious mind - Controversy, Unconscious mind - Terminology, Unconscious mind - Unconscious mental processes, Unconscious mind - Questions about Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Application of unconscious

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The study of Western astrology and the belief in it, as part of astronomy, is found in a developed form among the ancient Babylonians; and directly or indirectly through the Babylonians, it spread to other nations. It came to Greece about the middle of the 4th century BC, and reached Rome before the opening of the Christian era. For a detailed description, including astrology in other cultures, see the main article. ...

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Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the Days of the Week

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Probably the most detailed and precise of the various notions of 'unconscious mind' - and the one which most people will immediately think of upon hearing the term - is that developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers, and which lies at the heart of psychoanalysis. It should be stressed, incidentally, that the popular term 'subconscious' is not a Freudian coinage and is never used in serious psychoanalytic writings. Freud's concept was a more subtle and complex psychological theory than many. Consciousness, in Freud's topographical v ...

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Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea, Unconscious mind - Freud's definition, Unconscious mind - Controversy, Unconscious mind - Terminology, Unconscious mind - Unconscious mental processes, Unconscious mind - Questions about Unconscious mind, Unconscious mind - Application of unconscious

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The theory runs into many philosophical problems. It implies that what is good is arbitrary, based merely upon god's whim; if god had created the world to include the values that rape, murder, and torture were virtues, while mercy and charity were vices, then they would have been. It's not, of course, possible to reply that god wouldn't have commanded such things because he wouldn't command evil, for on this theory it's only his command that makes them evil. It implies that calling god good makes no sense — or, at best, that one is simply saying th ...

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Divine command theory, Divine command theory - The problems, Divine command theory - Responses, Divine command theory - Sources & reading

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Astrology is a very controversial subject. The case for and the case against astrology's objective validity are discussed more fully at Validity of astrology. Some astrologers argue that astrology works by a mechanism that is (yet) unknown to science and that it is validated by their personal experience when applied in real life cases. They argue that it does not make the hard ...

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Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the Days of the Week

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Alchemy in the Western World and other locations where it was widely practiced was (and in many cases still is) closely allied and intertwined with traditional Babylonian-Greek style astrology; in numerous ways they were built to complement each other in the search for hidden knowledge. Traditionally, each of the seven planets in the solar system as known to the ancients was associated with, held d ...

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Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the Days of the Week

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Each day of the week was created in honor of one of the seven celestial bodies (the Sun, Moon and five planets known in ancient times); and in ancient astrology, each day of the week was said to be influenced by the traits of the celestial body it was named after. The system was symmetrical and free of complication until the discovery of Uranus in 1781. The English names, other than the obvious Saturday, Sunday and Monday, are taken from the Teutonic deities that were correlated with the Roman deities that ...

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Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the days of the week

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Astrology has had a profound influence over the past few thousand years on Western and Eastern cultures, along with the English language. Influenza was so named because doctors once believed it to be caused by unfavorable planetary and stellar influences. The word "disaster" comes from the Latin "dis-aster" meaning "bad star". Also, the adjectives "lunatic" (Moon), "mercurial" (Mercury), "martial" (Mars), "jovial" (Jupiter/Jove), and "saturnine" (Saturn) are all old words used to describe personal qualities said to resem ...

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Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the Days of the Week

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In medieval Europe, a university education was divided into seven distinct areas, each represented by a particular planet and known as the Seven Liberal Arts. They were seen as operating in ascending order, beginning with Grammar which was assigned to the quickest moving celestial body (the Moon) and culminating in Astronomia which was thought to be astrologically ruled by Saturn, the slowest moving and furthest out planet known at the time. After this sequence wisdom was ...

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Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the Days of the Week

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Each day of the week was created in honor of one of the seven celestial bodies (the Sun, Moon and five planets known in ancient times); and in ancient astrology, each day of the week was said to be influenced by the traits of the celestial body it was named after. The system was symmetrical and free of complication until the discovery of Uranus in 1781. The English names, other than the obvious Saturday, Sunday and Monday, are taken from the Teutonic deities that were correlated with the Roman deities that ...

See also:

Astrology, Astrology - Description, Astrology - History of astrology, Astrology - The validity of astrology, Astrology - Effects on world culture, Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind, Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements, Astrology - Astrology and alchemy, Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology, Astrology - Astrology and the Days of the Week

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Current scientific research strongly suggests that near-death experiences occur at the time of dying and are not unconscious secondary falsifications after the fact. As health care professionals, it is not necessary to take sides in the debate concerning the objective reality of these spiritual experiences. Simply the knowledge that they are a normal and natural part of the dying process has profound implications for those who work with death and dying. The ability to feel at ease in discussing the paranormal is an essential element of the b ...

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Near-death experience, Near-death experience - Near-Death Research, Near-death experience - As an afterlife experience, Near-death experience - As a naturalistic experience, Near-death experience - Clinical Implications, Near-death experience - Implications for health professionals, Near-death experience - Implications for the dying patient, Near-death experience - Implications for family and friends, Near-death experience - Spiritual and psychological after-effects

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Current scientific research strongly suggests that near-death experiences occur at the time of dying and are not unconscious secondary falsifications after the fact. As health care professionals, it is not necessary to take sides in the debate concerning the objective reality of these spiritual experiences. Simply the knowledge that they are a normal and natural part of the dying process has profound implications for those who work with death and dying. The ability to feel at ease in discussing the paranormal is an essential element of the b ...

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Near-death experience, Near-death experience - Near-death research, Near-death experience - As an afterlife experience, Near-death experience - As a naturalistic experience, Near-death experience - Clinical implications, Near-death experience - Implications for health professionals, Near-death experience - Implications for the dying patient, Near-death experience - Implications for family and friends, Near-death experience - Spiritual and psychological after-effects

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Pseudoscience also differs from protoscience. Protoscience is a term sometimes used to describe a hypothesis that has not yet been tested adequately by the scientific method, but which is otherwise consistent with existing science or which, where inconsistent, offers reasonable account of the inconsistency. Pseudoscience, in contrast, is characteristically lacking in adequate tests or the possibility of them, occasionally untestable in principle, and its supporters are frequently strident in insisting that existing scientific results ...

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Pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - Introduction, Pseudoscience - Classifying pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - Pseudoscience contrasted with protoscience, Pseudoscience - The problem of demarcation, Pseudoscience - Fields often associated with pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - Pseudomathematics, Pseudoscience - Criticisms of the concept of pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - People, Pseudoscience - Lists

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The philosophy of science seeks to understand the nature and justification of scientific knowledge, and its ethical implications. It has proven difficult to provide an account of the scientific method that can serve to distinguish science from non-science. Science is reasoned analysis of sensation upon our awareness. As such, the scientific method cannot deduce anything about the realm of reality that is beyond what is observable by existing or theoretical means. When a manifestation of our reality previously considered supernatural i ...

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Science, Science - What is science?, Science - Scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Fields of science, Science - Natural sciences, Science - Social sciences, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Textbooks, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Further reading

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There are three types of microvita. The first type can be seen with a microscope and is referred to as a “virus.” Sarkar prefers the more general class term of microvitum, which better describes the function and meaning of a virus. The second type of microvita is known to us because of the effects they produce in the physical world, even though we cannot see or measure them directly. The third type of virus or microvita can only be seen and understood intuitively. They are so subtle that they can be understood as a type of id ...

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Microvitum, Microvitum - The nature of microvita, Microvitum - Three types of microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of devayoniis positive microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of pretayoniis negative microvita, Microvitum - The types of gandhayaks’inii intermediate microvita, Microvitum - The physics of life, Microvitum - Positive and negative microvita, Microvitum - Microvita and cakras, Microvitum - Problems in understanding microvitum, Microvitum - The future of microvitum

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