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Mechanism of action | A Wisdom Archive on Mechanism of action | | Mechanism of action A selection of articles related to Mechanism of action | |
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Mechanism of action
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Mechanism of action | | | | |  Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Action physics - HistoryThe principle of least action was first formulated by Maupertuis [1] in 1746 and further developed (from 1748 onwards) by the mathematicians Euler, Lagrange, and Hamilton. Maupertuis arrived at this principle from a feeling that the very perfection of the universe demands a certain economy in nature and is opposed to any needless expenditure of energy. Natural motions must be such as to make some quantity a minimum. It was only necessary to find that quantity, and this he proceeded to do. It was the product of the duration (time) of movement within a system by the "vis viva" or twice what we ...
See also:Action physics, Action physics - Some applications of the action principle, Action physics - History, Action physics - Action principle in classical mechanics, Action physics - Euler-Lagrange equations for the action integral, Action physics - Example: Free particle in polar coordinates, Action physics - Einstein-Hilbert action, Action physics - Literature Read more here: » Action physics: Encyclopedia II - Action physics - History |
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| | | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Repeating rifle - Manual mechanism
Repeating rifle - Revolver Action.
While some early long guns were made using the revolver mechanism popular in hand guns, these did not have longevity in the marketplace. Without special sealing details the revolver mechanism produces a gas discharge close to the face when used in a long gun.
Repeating rifle - Bolt Action.
The bolt closes the breech end of the barrel and contains the firing pin. The bolt is held in place with a lever that fits into a notch. Moving this lever o ...
See also:Repeating rifle, Repeating rifle - Manual mechanism, Repeating rifle - Revolver Action, Repeating rifle - Bolt Action, Repeating rifle - Lever Action, Repeating rifle - Pump Action, Repeating rifle - Automatic Mechanism, Repeating rifle - Gas Operated, Repeating rifle - Recoil Operated, Repeating rifle - Clip & Magazine Types, Repeating rifle - Stripper Clip, Repeating rifle - En Bloc, Repeating rifle - Box Magazine, Repeating rifle - Drum Magazine Read more here: » Repeating rifle: Encyclopedia II - Repeating rifle - Manual mechanism |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Game mechanic - Victory condition mechanics These mechanics control how a player wins the game.
Game mechanic - Goals.
This is the most general sort of victory condition, which can be broad enough to encompass any method of winning, but here refers to game-specific goals that are usually not duplicated in other games. An example is the checkmate of a king in chess.
Game mechanic - Piece elimination.
Some games with capture mechanics are won by the player who removes all, or a given number of, the opponents' playing pieces.< ...
See also:Game mechanic, Game mechanic - Game play mechanics, Game mechanic - Action points, Game mechanic - Auction or bidding, Game mechanic - Cards, Game mechanic - Capture, Game mechanic - Dice, Game mechanic - Movement, Game mechanic - Resource management, Game mechanic - Role-playing, Game mechanic - Tile-laying, Game mechanic - Victory condition mechanics, Game mechanic - Goals, Game mechanic - Piece elimination, Game mechanic - Puzzle guessing, Game mechanic - Races, Game mechanic - Structure building, Game mechanic - Territory control, Game mechanic - Victory points, Game mechanic - Gameplay vs. game mechanics in video games Read more here: » Game mechanic: Encyclopedia II - Game mechanic - Victory condition mechanics |
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| | | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Neurotransmitter - Post-synaptic effect A neurotransmitter's effect is determined by its receptor. For example, GABA can act on both rapid or slow inhibitory receptors (the GABA-A and GABA-B receptor respectively). Many other neurotransmitters, however, may have excitatory or inhibitory actions depending on which receptor they bind to.
Neurotransmitters may cause either excitatory or inhibitory post-synaptic potentials. That is, they may help the initiation of a nerve impulse in the receiving neuron, or they may discourage such an impulse by modifying the local membrane vol ...
See also:Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmitter - Types of neurotransmitters, Neurotransmitter - Mechanism of action, Neurotransmitter - Post-synaptic effect, Neurotransmitter - Specific actions, Neurotransmitter - Common neurotransmitters, Neurotransmitter - Amino acids, Neurotransmitter - Biogenic amines, Neurotransmitter - Monoamines, Neurotransmitter - Polypeptides neuropeptides Read more here: » Neurotransmitter: Encyclopedia II - Neurotransmitter - Post-synaptic effect |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Repeating rifle - Automatic Mechanism Semi-Automatic is a term used for automatic loading where each firing of the weapon requires a separate pull of the trigger. Full automatic will fire multiple rounds with a single pull. Full automatic mechanisms are employed in machine guns and this mode of operation is selectable in assault rifles. A charging lever allows the bolt to be operated to load the initial round into an empty chamber. Some automatic assault rifles are now designed to fire a limited number of rounds (typically two or three) in a quick burst. This mode of operation a ...
See also:Repeating rifle, Repeating rifle - Manual mechanism, Repeating rifle - Revolver Action, Repeating rifle - Bolt Action, Repeating rifle - Lever Action, Repeating rifle - Pump Action, Repeating rifle - Automatic Mechanism, Repeating rifle - Gas Operated, Repeating rifle - Recoil Operated, Repeating rifle - Clip & Magazine Types, Repeating rifle - Stripper Clip, Repeating rifle - En Bloc, Repeating rifle - Box Magazine, Repeating rifle - Drum Magazine Read more here: » Repeating rifle: Encyclopedia II - Repeating rifle - Automatic Mechanism |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Neurotransmitter - Specific actions While some neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, glycine) are used very generally throughout the central nervous system, others can have more specific effects, such as on the Autonomic nervous system, by both pathways in the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, and others are used only in certain brain regions by particular classes of nerve cells. Serotonin is released specifically by cells in the brainstem, in an area called the raphe nuclei. Dopamine classically modulates two systems ...
See also:Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmitter - Types of neurotransmitters, Neurotransmitter - Mechanism of action, Neurotransmitter - Post-synaptic effect, Neurotransmitter - Specific actions, Neurotransmitter - Common neurotransmitters, Neurotransmitter - Amino acids, Neurotransmitter - Biogenic amines, Neurotransmitter - Monoamines, Neurotransmitter - Polypeptides neuropeptides Read more here: » Neurotransmitter: Encyclopedia II - Neurotransmitter - Specific actions |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Refractory period Although the passive transmission of action potentials across myelinated segments would suggest that action potentials propagate in either direction, most action potentials travel unidirectionally because the node behind the propagating action potential is refractory.
Where membrane has undergone an action potential, a refractory period follows. This period arises primarily because of the voltage-dependent inactivation of sodium channels, as described by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952. In addition to the voltage-dependent opening o ...
See also:Action potential, Action potential - Overview, Action potential - Underlying mechanism, Action potential - Resting membrane potential, Action potential - Action potential phases, Action potential - Threshold and initiation, Action potential - Circuit model, Action potential - Propagation, Action potential - Speed of propagation, Action potential - Saltatory conduction, Action potential - Refractory period, Action potential - Why an action potential? Read more here: » Action potential: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Refractory period |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Anti-obesity drug - Side effects Some anti-obesity drugs have severe and often life-threatening side effects. (See, for example, Fen-phen.) These side effects are often associated with their mechanism of action. In general, stimulants carry a risk of high blood pressure, faster heart rate, palpitations, closed-angle glaucoma, drug addiction, restlessness, agitation, and insomnia.
Orlistat is unlikely to cause these serious side effects since it is not a stimulant. Therefore, orlistat may be a better choice for obese patients with conditions that might be aggravated b ...
See also:Anti-obesity drug, Anti-obesity drug - Mechanisms of action, Anti-obesity drug - Side effects, Anti-obesity drug - Limitations of current knowledge, Anti-obesity drug - Future developments, Anti-obesity drug - Reference Read more here: » Anti-obesity drug: Encyclopedia II - Anti-obesity drug - Side effects |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Overview An electrical voltage, or potential, always exists between the inside and outside of a cell. The voltage of an inactive cell stays at a negative value (inside relative to outside the cell) and varies within a small range. When the membrane potential of an excitable cell is depolarized beyond a threshold, the cell will undergo (or "fire") an action potential (see Threshold and initiation).
At its most basic, an action potential is a very rapid swing in the polarity of the membrane potential from negative to positive and back, th ...
See also:Action potential, Action potential - Overview, Action potential - Underlying mechanism, Action potential - Resting membrane potential, Action potential - Action potential phases, Action potential - Threshold and initiation, Action potential - Circuit model, Action potential - Propagation, Action potential - Speed of propagation, Action potential - Saltatory conduction, Action potential - Refractory period, Action potential - Why an action potential? Read more here: » Action potential: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Overview |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Threshold and initiation Action potentials are triggered when an initial depolarization reaches threshold. This threshold potential varies, but generally is about 15 millivolts above the cell's resting membrane potential, occurring when the inward sodium current exceeds the outward potassium current. The net influx of positive charges carried by sodium ions depolarizes the membrane potential, leading to the further opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. These channels support greater inward current causing further depolarization, creating a positive-feedback cycle th ...
See also:Action potential, Action potential - Overview, Action potential - Underlying mechanism, Action potential - Resting membrane potential, Action potential - Action potential phases, Action potential - Threshold and initiation, Action potential - Circuit model, Action potential - Propagation, Action potential - Speed of propagation, Action potential - Saltatory conduction, Action potential - Refractory period, Action potential - Why an action potential? Read more here: » Action potential: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Threshold and initiation |
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| | | | | Mechanism of action: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Propagation In unmyelinated axons, action potentials propagate as an interaction between passively spreading membrane depolarization and voltage-gated sodium channels. When a single patch of cell membrane is depolarized sufficiently to open its voltage-gated sodium channels, sodium ions enter the cell by facilitated diffusion. Once inside, positively-charged sodium ions "nudge" adjacent ions down the axon by electrostatic repulsion (analogous to the principal behind Newton's cradle) and attract negative ions away from the adjacent membrane. As a result, ...
See also:Action potential, Action potential - Overview, Action potential - Underlying mechanism, Action potential - Resting membrane potential, Action potential - Action potential phases, Action potential - Threshold and initiation, Action potential - Circuit model, Action potential - Propagation, Action potential - Speed of propagation, Action potential - Saltatory conduction, Action potential - Refractory period, Action potential - Why an action potential? Read more here: » Action potential: Encyclopedia II - Action potential - Propagation |
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