Mayan language

Definition and meaning of Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica - [World History]

Mesoamerica includes Mexico and Central America. Sedentary agriculture in the Western Hemisphere developed here and in Peru in South America. This is significant because the cultivation of foodstuffs such as corn ensured a stable supply of food and encouraged groups of people to settle permanently instead of wandering in search of food as nomadic tribes did. This contributed to the rise of civilizations which sustained themselves through their food production and wielded control over less stable societies. Ancient civilizations in the area included the Mayan which extended over a broad region, built monumental architecture, and developed a language, a system of mathematics, and a religion. The Aztec, a nomadic tribe, pushed into the zone of sedentary agriculture and established an empire on the shores of Lake Texcoco after 1325 A.D.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica - [World History]

Mesoamerica includes Mexico and Central America. Sedentary agriculture in the Western Hemisphere developed here and in Peru in South America. This is significant because the cultivation of foodstuffs such as corn ensured a stable supply of food and encouraged groups of people to settle permanently instead of wandering in search of food as nomadic tribes did. This contributed to the rise of civilizations which sustained themselves through their food production and wielded control over less stable societies. Ancient civilizations in the area included the Mayan which extended over a broad region, built monumental architecture, and developed a language, a system of mathematics, and a religion. The Aztec, a nomadic tribe, pushed into the zone of sedentary agriculture and established an empire on the shores of Lake Texcoco after 1325 A.D.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

LANGUAGE

Maurice Nicoll in Living Time says: "We communicate badly, partly because we never notice how we are doing it, and partly because it is an extremely difficult matter to communicate anything save the simplest observations, without the danger of our signals being misinterpreted. Also, as often as not, we do not exactly know what it is we are trying to communicate. Finally, nearly everything of importance cannot be expressed."

Since this is so, doesn't it stand to reason that we should devote a good deal more time to language than we do? And since the more tongues we learn the better we understand our own, shouldn't learning other languages have a high priority? Part of the teaching we should impart to our chelas is never to stop struggling with language, recognizing that it must always be welcomed as a challenge. In every M/magic(k)al community - whether in a sophisticated modern city or in the midst of a Stone Age tribe, the magician is always the one who knows the longest words and can use them. What is a "spell", after all? What is gematria, but an attempt to dissect words and rebuild them? A "grimoire" was originally a "grammar." "Vedanta" is actually the "grammar" of the Sanskrit Vedas! As we begin to understand more about the Past and the necessity to turn back to it, we see that language looms larger and larger in human consciousness. The ancients understood what we have forgotten - birds fly and lions predate, but language is what man does. It is language that lies behind everything we make, which is why the word "poet" derives from a Greek word meaning "one who makes," the most important thing being, for the Greeks, to make words and which is why in the bible it is said, "In the beginning was the word." Words, like all things that are made, come out of the Void, magically. And words come before the thing! A spider may weave a web but it is always the same web built on the same blueprint resident in her instincts, no different from the eggs she lays instinctively. Compare that to the variety of human works! By the same token, the man who has no language is not just a spider that can't weave webs. He is a frog that can't leap, a seal that can't swim, a deer that can't run.

The reason Latin, Greek and Sanskrit are hard to learn is that they are ancient tongues and our linguistically-diminished consciousness is no longer able to deal with convolutions of thought and esoteric syntax. Nevertheless, it's still true that if you really want to understand Plato or the author of Genesis you must learn Ancient Greek and Hebrew. There was a time when English also used conjugations and declensions as highly structured as Latin. Today we can barely translate Shakespeare. The progress of language always mirrors the deterioration of the human spirit and moves downward from difficult to easy. And in return, as language decays it brings civilization down with it. Already it's virtually impossible for all but a handful of scholars in the world even to attempt to master anything bizarre, like Babylonian cuneiform or Mayan hieroglyphs - although a century ago, when all well-educated people knew Latin and Greek, such studies, had the material been available, would have been relatively common. If the day ever comes that we should actually encounter an extraterrestrial civilization, we will discover to our dismay that our technology is useless. Because we have lost our sense of language, to attempt to learn what they are saying may be completely beyond our capacity. We've traded communication for the ease of machines.

(See also: LANGUAGE, Magick, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul, )

APO PANTAS KAKODAIMONES!

False banishing mantram ("Away all evil demons!")

APOCALYPSE

We are aware that the muslims insist that there can be no Universal Eschatonic Implosion until the world has endured "40 years of rain." We would remind them that we have endured *more* than forty years of the "rain" of nuclear radiation and pollution. Aztec prophesies place the end of the world in the 20th Century (who can doubt it?). The Great Pyramid is said to contain, in its mystical measurements, similar predictions in stone of which the last is Sept. 17, 2001 A.D. Two thousand is commonly believed by western civilization to be the year of the Eschaton. The date given by Nostradamus, on the other hand, is slightly pre-millennial: 1999. This is just 13 years prior to the end of the great 160,000-year Mayan Cycle and Terence McKenna's Timescape Zero (based on Ancient Chinese cycles), both at 2012 C.E. And although many others cite 2020, there are interesting reasons for seizing on 1999.

First of all, there is a scientific reason. As meteorologists have noted, the 11-year sunspot cycles which serve to heat the earth, have not only been increasing in severity, they have progressively exacerbated the greenhouse effect. This resulted, during the drought of 1988, in the first of the summer-long record-breaking temperatures that continue to plague us. In '99 the sunspot activity could well have a cataclysmic effect.

Metaphysically, however, there are more compelling reasons. Since the exact interface betweeen the end of the Christian Aeon of Pisces and the beginning of the Humanist Aeon of Aquarius is impossible to pipoint, we are thrown back on sheer numerology. 1+9+9+9 = 28 = 2+8 = 10; numerologically and Pythagoras-wise ten is the number of perfect completion. In other words 1999 is the natural culmination of the Aeon, whereas 2000 is simply a thousandfold manifestation of the Duality: Two - that epitome of evil amongst numbers (from the cosmic point of view, the end of the world isn't necessarily evil). The date, January 16, 1999 adds up to 9. That date is also Julian Day number 2,451,195, which adds up to 9 as well. Ironically enough, most computer projections of disaster, based on current ecological trends, ozone depletion, demographic patterns, etc. predict the peak somewhere between January, 1999 and September, 2013 - by which time the population of the earth will be nine billion and the "end" of the human yardstick on this planet will have come.

And although the Bible stipulates that "no man knoweth the day or the hour" of the last day, I do not hesitate to name the 9th second of the 9th minute of the 9th hour of January 16, 1999 as the eschaton (or the 9th day of the 9th month September).

As one of the Archons of the Ending Aeon, however, I have chosen 999 as my personal sigil, not 1999, because I want to ally myself with the spirit of the ending process, rather than with the End itself. Moreover, from an opitimistic point of view, 999 is qabalistically virginal - it has nothing written on it. Yet I see no reason to dispute '99 as the Climax of the Apocalypse, and I take that most useful point of the Eschaton as the date of my own eschaton-count. My Newtime (13 month) calendar begins approximately on the winter solstice of 2000 (Newtime Year Zero), displacing Gregorian time forever. Hence I count forward from 1999, calling 1997 "Year Minus 3", etc.

It should be noted that "end of the world" predictions are always cropping up. For instance, there was Rev. Whisenant's eschatonic prediction that September 13, 1988 would be the Great Day. Newspapers were gleeful in reporting that the date came and went. What they failed to realize was that 1988, in fact, the beginning of the end - since it was in that year that the greenhouse effect was finally accepted by the planetary powers and acknowledged as the harbinger of the end. If nothing else, 1988 was the year in which the Shroud of Turin was finally pronounced an error by the Vatican. At any rate, the good Rev's numerology may have been naive and the particular fate he chose may have had little synchronistic sparkle, but his prediction wasn't entirely off the wall. Isn't it always the 11th hour? At least sub specie aeternitatis?

But with the 20th Century we leave eternity behind and enter the dimensional worlds. The date Whisenant gave has another meaning. As you know, we stand in the slough of time and at the perimeters of various magico/religious aeons - including the multitudinous segments of the Galilean era - all of which end at different points. The prophecies are fulfilled at different velocities in different ways. The world "ends" perennially because "World" derives from Anglo-Saxon wer-µld ("Man's Era" or "human time.")

Part of our confusion has to do with the fact that we tend to use "the world" and "the earth" as though they were synonyms. The earth is merely one of the stages on which the drama of the world is enacted. From the Olympian point of view, the end of a world isn't a tragedy. Everything has its ?ld. Even the gods have their time. Even the dinosaurs had an "Age" so the toymakers tell us. The word for "world", in every language, is invariably linked to the notion of time. Arabic duniya, "the present (world)", Hebrew olam "eternity", Latin mundus, originally a division into sections (of time), like the Greek kosmos. Religion is always, sooner or later, part of that chronometry.

It amazes me that people, especially gullible Xtians, can be so blind as to expect everything to go on as it has done for millions of years when the end has, in fact, arrived. By now it should be clear even to rotting elephants and establishment flakes that the fulfillment of the prophesies is at hand. Even technocratic corporationism concedes that any time between now and the early 21st Century pollution, population, drought, disease and famine will have hit their strides (the "four horsemen" as the four elements: polluted air, sewage-laden water, barren earth, radiocative fire). Therefore 2000 also marks the beginning of the Age of Aquarius and the official end of the Piscean "Age of Jesus". After that date the Christians (all of whom by then will have been swept up into the arms of their Redeemer) will find themselves, or so asserts self-styled Neo-Xtian, Constance Cumbey, "preserved in their own bubble of spiritual sterility on the dimensional shelf of an alternate reality," where they may eternally contemplate the wonder of their salvation. Meanwhile, mankind's post-holocaustic, enlightened remnant (should such a remnant, by any miracle, remain) will be free to move ahead...to? Incidentally, by the word "holocaust" I do not refer to war but to the destruction of the biosphere by the ravages of unchecked human growth.

For remarks on the return of Christ or "Second Coming" (see PAROUSIA). Meanwhile, the elect, who are still being sacrificed, already inhabit the New Jerusalem. The safe and sound remainder are not saved at all, despite their belief. They call themselves Xtians, but they are Philistines. The zealous guardians of the faith are precisely those about whom Matthew was shouting: "Not everyone who saith unto me, Lord, Lord shall enter into the Kingdom of Heaven!", and of whom Mark said, "But woe to them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days." Those who remain are increasingly damned to the hell that earth is henceforth becoming. September 13, 1988 was the last day before it would be too late to begin the task of repairing the biosphere and reversing daily descent to terracide. So the jubilant laughter of Whisenant's scoffers begins to sound increasingly hollow, doesn't it?

 Obviously, there are many of us who, though raised in the Xtian tradition, can view the Apocalyptic experience which the world is undergoing even now, without falling gibbering to our knees in a final paroxysm of millennial conversion. . . No matter what happens henceforth, will retain our Neo-Gnostic and Neo-Pagan allegiances and avoid the horror of "Salvation."

Other cultures are more confrontational. Coinciding with the Xtian Apocalypse is the Hopi ending of the "Fourth World". In their system, evolution produces new strengths but also creates new bad habits which must periodically be burned away. Those who have not been corrupted will become the seed people of the next world. Hindus and Yogis (q.v.) rather than living in the world, tend to think of themselves as living in an "age" - at present, that age is the evil "Kali Yuga" (quite similar, in fact, to our own "apocalyptic era" and not necessarily lengthier). The Chinese also live in an older world. As of this writing (1988), this is the year 4686 for them. And for the Jews it's 5748. But the Mayans (q.v.) dwell in almost inconceivably vast ages, called baktuns and the current one ends in 2012, our time. The "Harmonic Convergence" of July, 1987, marked the entry, for the Mayans, into the final lustrum of the penultimate 20-year period, before the "hotting up" time of 1992, which is the beginning of the final 20 years of a 160,000 year cycle!

The "world" is, in a very real sense, however, the creation of those who inhabit it. Thus, when our forefathers created the United States, they quite deliberately and correctly referred to this as a "new world" and gave the Great Seal the designation NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM ("New Order of the Ages"), which you can still read on every dollar bill. But every maker of a "new" world, whether secular or religious, brings in his own "Age." The makers of the R_publique Fran_aise, after the Revolution of 1789, even came up with a brand new calendar to mark their "new age," complete with new names for the months. Anton LaVey, high priest of the "San Francisco Church of Satan", proclaimed 1966 as the beginning of the "New Satanic Age". Jesus Christ, arriving at the beginning of the Piscean Age, brought with him an automatic 2000-year non-renewable lease on time, which runs out in this century, the beginning of the Aquarian Age. Magicians also fabricate their own elaborate times - Aleister Crowley, for instance, began his "Age of Horus" in 1904. Moreover, although it might be expected to have ended at his death in 1947, his followers, seeing him as an immortal, still maintain Crowley's "Thelemic" calendar in that system, 1996 C.E. would be AN 72.

Crowley's aeon was itself superseded in 1947 (the year of the saucers) when the doorway to the Hell of Universe B was opened by Jack Parsons and L. Ron Hubbard, whence the "Forgotten Ones" are now penetrating this world.

In 1980 Mickey Mouse and Jesus joined forces to end personal liberty in the United States (the end of the Democratic Party forever). In 1983 the Hopis announced the end of the 5th World - henceforth man would be obliged to boost his own stock, somehow. In July of 1987, the world entered the final lustrum of the penultimate katun of the Mayan aeon - another time of tribulation. 1992 was the beginning of yet another 20-year battle of armageddon. On January 6, 1999 Julian Day 2,415,195, the world will end by Nostradamus's calculation. Few will notice, perhaps, sind the "end" refers merely to the official passing of the Galilean Age and the world will be so desperately struggling to survive that there will be little time for outmoded messiahs.

Zoroaster, who died in 1000 B.C., will be reborn and complete the end of futility and Ahriman's rule. His seed at the bottom of a lake, it was prophesied, would thrice conceive maidens at three millennial points. The final chapter in the Zoroastrian cycle and yet another eschaton in our time.

Finally, it should be noted, in 2012, Terence McKenna's Timescape reaches Absolute Zero, the point of infinite novelty (See AUTOPOETIC LAPIS). And, interestingly, Jung also predicted the outer limit as occurring approximately fifty years after his death, which was in 1961.

You will understand that these 'end of the world' dates constitute a map of reality, but are obviously not Reality itself (apart from the fact that there is no "reality", as such). One doesn't necessarily visit every town on the map. We can choose to live out our allotted span to 1999 or 2012, and perhaps save the world, after all, or we can commit mass suicide beforehand in any of a hundred different ways, thus escaping the horror that is building up. The date of the Apocalypse isn't important. What matters is its immediacy. We have to understand that we've reached the outer limit of our dimension - THERE IS NO FUTURE - or at least very little. Like the amoeba in his drop of water it's time to turn away from the edge and move back to the center.

At any rate, by now it should be clear that we're moving quickly, not only metaphysically and synchronistically, but literally into the charged nexus of all the "ending aeons", into a kind of central transformer which is approaching its limit like an overworked fuse. The task of the archons of the ending aeons is to guide the confused through the wreckage of our disintegrating society.

(See also: APO PANTAS KAKODAIMONES!, Magick, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul, )

NUMEROLOGY

The first thing to remember about numbers is that each number, far from being just an accretion of previous numbers, really is unique. Numbers are the quintessence of symbology, and numerology appeals mostly to the abstract metaphysician, just as, in science, mathematics appeals to the abstract-minded scientist. Numerology, like astrology and palmistry, has a bad reputation because it's so easily misunderstood and misused. Since we can all recognize synchronicity, it's only natural to rush from there to the assumption that coincidence is the same thing as divination. But, synchronicity is nothing more than evidence that there are patterns of many kinds. It would be better if we could de-emphasize the practical side of everything and concentrate on the esthetics. The Egyptians used to teach that the most valuable things are the most useless: the arts, for example, or philosophy, or gold.

Finally, we should remember that it was through the indolent adoption of the easy decimal system (rather than the more perfect and exacting duodecimal system) that Atlantis finally brought itself down. This mathematically lazy way out is exactly the same path for which we have settled.

So numerology is simply the metaphysical side to numbers. One and one, for instance, are two, not because arithmetic says so, but because being equally "unique" they can't be reconciled as one, or "united," and are therefore at odds and in conflict with each other, as opposites in a mutual duality or "duel." Three, on the other hand, is a collection based on some kind of agreement, four a quaternity based on crossed oppositions in perfect balance, and so one.

There are also different ways of dealing with numerology -- theoria and praxis. In gematria, however, the idea is to add up the value of a word and then find other words that add up to the same number. They would thus be equivalents. This works rather well in Hebrew (to a lesser extent in Greek) but rather poorly in English -- simply because of the intrinsic differences between languages. Example: Jehovah has the same value as Chozeh ("seer" or "prophet"). Therefore, to the ancient Jews, God and Prophesy would be practically synonymous.

Numerological reduction is a convenience. It's easier to deal with numbers from 1 to 10 than with great blobs like 847 or 9,556,431. But numerologists also add before reducing. If a room contains 8 people, the numerology lecturer might perhaps decide to deliver his "octave" message. If 3 more people arrived, he'd change that to 11 which has an entirely different meaning from its reduction to 1 + 1 = 2. The higher the number, the more unstable its meaning becomes. For example, 11 stands symbolically for all the higher numbers (above 10), which is why 11 is the number of Sorcery.

The values of the Hebrew letters are: 1-ALEPH, 2-BETH, 3-GIMEL, 4-DALED, 5-HE, 6-VAU, 7-ZAYIN, 8-CHETH, 9-TETH, 10-YOD, 20-KAPH, 30-LAMED, 40-MEM, 50-NUN, 60-SAMECH, 70-AYIN, 80-PE, 90-TZADDE, 100-QOPH, 200-RESH, 300-SHIN, 400-TAV, 500-FINAL K, 600-FINAL M; 700-FINAL N, 800-FINAL P, 900-TZ, 1000-ALEPH (writ large).

In both Arab esoteric studies and in Judaic Cabal, such numbers form anagrams and extend the power of words: e.g., 93=Greek Agape, 398=Neshek, the serpent, and also Messiah.

The meanings of some of the numbers (my own attributions, plus some of Crowley's gematria from Liber 777):

000 Void of Voids, without possibility  of Being.

00 the Double Void

0 Zero, the Void, The Goddess, Infinite Nuit,  the Unmanifest. The "number" out of which everything comes. In the Tarot  it's called "The Fool" because it obey its own mysterious, unknowable rules  and is not subject to analysis. (Although we can and do theorize about it).  It's the Great Mother, the Void, that which lies beyond Alpha and Omega;  Original Mind.

1 Every Creation;  Ultimate Power, God, Hadit the point, Uniqueness; the Manifest (Set, Sirius  B), Pluto; the gods; Kether; Cosmic Consciousness; Yod-Atziluth; Archetypal  world; Aleph; Reason. Egyptian ankh. Fire. The most powerful of all magical  numbers. Number of the individual and the unique. All miracles are possible  once. One is the impossible beginning of everything coming out of the void.  As in music, it bears the stress: ONE-two-three...

2 Matter; The Fall; Opposition; Good & Evil; Neptune;  Chokmah (subject), Moons of Mars, Neptune; Heh-Briah; Dissention. Egyptian  uas; the number of division and opposition, analysis and separation;  Darkness and light; Good and Evil. Mystery.

3 Evolution; Space; Unanimity, Unity, the ALL, multiplication,  Saturn; Binah (object); vav-Yetzirah. Egyptian djed. (Grant assigns 3 to Set  and Satan.) Synthesis, construction. Abundance, fruitfulness. The apparent  "difference" of things in the Gurdjieffian sense -- the template in the  mind. 3 also is the emblem of infinity.

4 Manifestation: the Elements, etc; Jupiter; Chesed;  heh-Assiah. Egyptian nebet. Earth. Number of physical reality, completing  the foundations of things. Practicality. The Authority to be. Command.  Mercy.

5 Consciousness; the hand,  pentagram, man; Mars; Geburah. Moons of Uranus. Chinese elements (Earth,  Fire, Water, Wood, Metal) -- Earth is the fifth element, yellow and central.  The number of mediation, hence: Humanity . Sin, error, but also progress and  knowledge. Without 5 there is no human evolution or purpose. Courage.  Achievement.

6 The Work of Creation;  The Sun; Solar-Phallic energy; Spatial Directions, Harmony; Tiphareth. In  the I Ching, 6 is the number of Yin, i.e., Completion. Time, space  and astronomy. Number of beauty and the power of love.

7 The Totality of Creation; Earth's escape  velocity (M. P. S.); Will; Classical Planets; tones; the inferior power  zones; The Dragon's head; Scorpion; Swastika; Hyena; Serpent, Lion, Ape,  Typhon; Colors in the spectrum; Opportunity (because man develops by 7 year  periods). Number of overcoming, victory, accomplishment. Perfect harmony.  The Virgin, symbol of eternal rather than created things.

8 Infinity (the Lemniscate); Octagon, heaven on  earth or lower sephiroth plus Daath (or 7 planets plus Sothis); Mercury;  Hod, Ogoad, the Buddhist & other 8 path. Perfection. Strength,  fortitude, everlastingness. It is the first cubic number, hence it stands for the cube itself, or earth. Splendor of endurance. The octagon is the  symbol of the meeting of heaven & earth because it is a compromise  halfway between the square (earth) and the circle (heaven).

9 Number of the Moon; Container of all numbers;  Number of known astronomical planets. Eternity; Yesod; Endings, echatology;  Moons of Saturn; Number of Muses; In the I Ching, 9 is the number of  Yang. Arabic Ta (Secret Knowledge ). Number of absolute completion,  perfection and wisdom. Since the ennead is the final limitation, it is the  acceptance of solitude and the beginning of the inward journey to the  Infinite.

10 Earth, Samsara;  Reincarnation; (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) The Tetractys; Yod; number of Sephiroth;  Commandments; planes; Malkuth. This is the number of new beginnings based on  harmonious conclusions to previous activities. It is the lower exponent of  the Monad, the created world. It is the individual, unique power as it  appears in harmonious context with the many other uniquenesses of the world.  It is great fortune.

11 Number of the  years of the sunspot cycle. The general number of magic or sorcery and  magicians -- or energy tending to change. Uranus. Daath (or Egyptian Duat,  Tuat). This is the individual in confrontation with the world. Hence it is  the number of Justice and Balance. It is also the number of war and the  battle with the demonic element.

12  Baptism; Sacrifice; Solar zodiac. The number of the hanged man, i.e.,  sacrifice. This is the individual as he is plunged into the world and at the  same time apart from it.

13 Arachne,  the spider. The scale of the highest feminine unity; easily transformed to  secondary masculine ideas by any male component; or, the unity resulting  from love. Death; Lunar Zodiac; beginning of adolescence; Moons of Jupiter.  Orbits in solar system (including Vulcan, Isis and Osiris). Thirteen is also  the basic Mayan unit of change (13 days to a week) and the number of months  in the Newtime calendar. Number of Death and Metamorphosis -- as the old  life completes, a new life must begin. This is the practical side or physics  of metaphysics. From 13 to 20 may be likened to the stages of an LSD  experience in which the Ego dies and must be totally disintegrated. Then at  20 is reborn and at 21, the Ego is deliberately re-shaped into a new  individual that fits ideally into the world.

14 Number of pieces into which Osiris's body was cut by Set;  Gematria of Zahav. Temperance or Art, it is, the physical means by which one  is able to manipulate and balance the world.

15 Kamea sum of Saturn; Illusion; The Devil. The number of  illusion -- it's the shadow cast by beauty and love. Since it has to do with  darkness as an illusion, the Devil is called Lucifer, the light-bearer. (The  holder of the torch is himself in the darkness.)

16 Number of Eve; Number of human kalas (bodily secretions).  In Egyptian hieroglyphs, 16 symbolized delight because this is the age when  a young man has his first sexual experience. Coitus, thus, is 16 next to 16  = 1616. The Tower of Babel. This is the struggle for Heaven as it erupts in  words -- that is, the understanding of oneself is not always able to  communicate to others.

17 Tantric  number of kalas! The masculine unity. (Trinity of Aleph, Vau, Yod). Star of  the magi. The Star is all those striving things -- hope, ambition, faith,  longing, etc. It feeds on itself and re-invigorates all that it touches. It  accomplishes what The Tower cannot.

18  Percentage of the Moon's surface varying from visible to invisible. The Moon  (twice 9). This is the solitary path itself, leading back into the inner  being and one's own enlightenment.

19  Number of the year of the lunar cycle; Xtian "Golden Number"; The feminine  glyph. The Sun. This is the ultimate, true enlightenment itself; the quest  of all our strivings.

20 Number of days  in the Maya month. Kaph. Resurrection. Rebirth.

21 Mystic number of Tiphareth; Age of majority; 3 x 7. The  World (as it is built back up in a better way).

22 Letters in Hebrew alphabet; Major Arcana; Tunnel  Sentinels.

23 The "glyph of (nascent)  life"; Coincidence and Synchronicity.

24 Path of Scorpio (Scarlet Woman) or of the Water Demon.  Letters in Greek alphabet.

26  Tetragrammaton; Numbers of the Sephiroth of the Middle Pillar (without  Maat); Letters in English alphabet.

28  Lunar cycle of days. Solar cycle of years (1st day of week restored to same  day of week). Letters of Arabic alphabet. The numbers from 1 - 7 add up to  28 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7).

29 The  magic force itself, the masculine current. Days in moon cycle, feminine  current. 29 = 2 + 9 = 1 = 2.

30 Number  of degrees in a sign. Ass; Lamedh.

31  Gematria of AL (God) also means "Not," key number of the New Aeon; The  highest feminine trinity -- zero through the glyph of the circle. (Great  Modulus of Zero.)

32 Number of gravity  increase acceleration (32 feet per second per second); Paths of the  Qabalah.

33 Age of Christ; magical age  in general.

34 Jupiter Kamea  sum.

36 Star sapphire; the Sun; curses.  Platonic duodecimal.

37 111/3; A prime  number; sum of Daath (11) and the 4 Sephiroth of the Middle Pillar (10 + 9 +  6 + 11 + 1). The unity itself in its balanced trinitarian  manifestation.

40 Mem; Babylonian rain  period -- 40 days before festival of New Year, when Pleiades visible. (Thus  Jewish 40 days.) 40 days is the philosophical month and 40 the number of  preparation, waiting, the wisdom of darkness and the natural processes of  solution and disintegration.

41 Percent  of the Moon's surface hidden from earth; the yoni as a vampire force,  sterile. Hispanic number of homosexuality.

42 The completion of the elements experienced via  darkness.

43 A number of orgasm --  especially the male.

44 Cabal; sand;  blood/water; flame; Aquarius.

45  Adam.

47 The yoni as dynamic,  prehensile, spasmodic, etc. Esprit de travail.

49 7 x 7. In Tibetan Bsm. 49 is the number of days spent in  the Afterworld between incarnations.

50  Number of minutes later the moon rises every night.

53 The yoni as instrument of pleasure (Hedonogenous.)

55 Phallos.

56 Word of Nu or Nuit (Abrahadabra as the union of 5 &  6.)

59 The yoni calling for the lingam  as ovum, menstruum and desire.

60  Second and minute units; Machine cycles; Samekh; Greek X.

61 Nia; Ain; the negative positively knowing  self.

64 I Ching patterns.

65 Mars Kamea sum.

66 Mystic number of the Opus Magnum and the Qlipoth.

67 The Womb containing the twins.

70 Biblical "Age" of Death; Ayin;  Omicron.

71 A number of Binah, silence  and nothingess.

72 The mystical  Platonic duodecimal number whose powers and multiples produce the distances  between planets, diameters of orbits, etc. 72 is the Average human life-span  today.

73 The feminine aspect of  Chokmah in his phallic function.

76  Halley's comet orbit in years.

78  Mezla, influence from above; total number of Tarots, Ego, Ape of Thoth,  Aiwass, the Oza (giants or monsters of creation).

80 Peh; pi.

81 Number of  Tetragrams in the T'ai Hsan Ching; Talam; Moon; Witchcraft; Hecate.

82 Compound number; Angel of Venus, beloved  object.

83 Consecration; highest form  of love. Energy, freedom, amrita, aspiration.

87 Number of Lebenah (Frankincense), Aossic; chalice.

88 Khabs, "The Star."

89 A number of sin and taboo. Silence, of Black  Magic.

90 Tzaddi.

91 Number of hairs (paths) in the Supernal  Beard.

93 Thelema, Agape,  Aiwass.

97 A number of Chesed as water  and as father.

99 Ending of endings.  Tithiane; Geburah's infernal abode.

100  Kephalos; Qoph; Rho.

108 A Platonic  duodecimal number.

111 "Ain Sof Aur";  Kamea sum of the Sun; Number of Abra-Melin Servitors.

123 War, plague, pleasure, violation.

131 Samael, Satan, Pan, Baphomet.

156 Zion; Babalon; number of letters for Enochian  tablet.

160 Ipo (name of the sun in a  lower hemisphere); the number of Tonal in Castaneda's world of phenomena  (Nagual is to Tonal as Sirius to Ipo).

164 A compound number; Cleaving; profane, as opposed to  sacred.

177 The Garden of  Eden.

200 Resh, Sigma.

210 The Return; Joining to the Void's original 3  stages; 000.

216 Platonic duodecimal  number.

217 Sigma-eta-theta, Seth; Star  of Babalon (Scarlet Woman); Sirius; Deborah, "the Bee" (Sekhet, goddess of  intoxication and sexual passion).

222  Beyond Good and Evil; Whiteness.

256  Number of poisonous methods of astral projection.

260 The Mayan Tzolkin cycle of change. 260 = 13 x 20  (the mystic numbers); Kamea sum of Mercury; Tiriel, the Intelligence of  Mercury.

261 Meher Baba; Hriliu; Word  of the Dove; "The Abomination of Desolation" (Stele of Reveling).

280 RP, "Terror"; number of squares on the side  of the vault containing the body of Christian Rosenkreutz.

289 PTR, hole, void.

292 The "drug of death"; the raven (black bird of Set);  Chozzar.

300 Shin, Greek tau.

305 Number of Yetzirah.

325 Bartzabel (spirit of Mars).

330 SOR (revolution); hurricane; tempest; circles of  time.

333 "Connection to the Infinite";  Chaos: Shugal-Set, the front half of the beast, which together with  Choronzon or Chozzar, the back, makes 666.

342 Bsm.; Perfume; ambrosia.

353 Hermes.

360 Degrees  in a circle (or zodiac).

365 Days in a  year; number of Abraxas (Greek letters); number also of Mithras.

369 Kamea of Luna.

370 Left hand; Sabbatic Goat; Creation (as matter and spirit);  Foundation.

389 Aossic (ancient  extraterrestrial entity).

393 Blends  the twin forces of Set and Horus (lightside and nightside of the Tree of  Life).

400 Tav.

406 Tav spelled out; also "Thou."

412 Romulus.

418  Abrahadabra.

442 Ends of the  Earth.

444 "The Limits of  Manifestation"; Al-Azif, Alhazred.

474  Gematria of Daath.

500 Phoenix; Kaph  final; psi.

504 Figures in the  formation of circles.

505 Kamea sum of  10 x 10.

511 Head.

535 Kteis.

555 Enlightenment.

600  Mem final; Chi.

612 Zeus.

640 Shamash; realm of the Sun; Mpitzth  (horrible idol); Gematria of Cup of Consolation; menstrual blood.

666 Number of Hatkariel; sum of the square of  The Sun (i.e. the Antichrist). Splendors of Being; Number of the Beast; Beast with two backs; Satanic Trinity (Typhon, Apophis, Besz), opponent of  Michael, Sorath..

671  Thora/Athor/Tharo.

700 Nun final;  Upsilon.

733 "The White Head."

777 Magic, Creation. Dagon; Stauros.

789 Link between Aeon of Horus and  Maat.

800 Peh final, Omega.

801 The sum of "Alpha and Omega"; also  peristera, "a dove."

823  Sahasra; graven idol.

864 Platonic  duodecimal number.

888 Metamorphosis,  Iesous.

900 Tzaddi final.

999 Eternal Evolution (past, present, future);  End of the World; Number of the true Trinity; "Nymphe" or creatures such as the Dols or Dholes; Romulus Hespaeria; Triple 9 Society; 999 C.E. is the  year that Kukulkan (Quetzalcoatl) died. The final resolution of 333 and  666.

1000 The Millenium;  Rab-Aleph.

1060 The Tabernacle  (Meshken).

1061 Sunset.

1296 Platonic duodecimal number.

1461 Sirius Cycle.

1728 Platonic duodecimal number.

1999 Date of Nostradamus' prediction of the Eschaton.

2000 Precessional Change; Year of the  Dragon.

2012 Mayan date of "end of the  world."

2167 Corrected precessional  number.

3168 Important ancient mystical  number used in construction.

5040  Another important ancient number.

12358  Fibonacci series.

26000 Great Year of  the Egyptians.

36000 Ancient Chaldean  Saros Cycle.

114048 Platonic number  thought to have the best factors for making it the number of the  world-soul.

187740489 Nine to the ninth  power.

(See also: NUMEROLOGY, Magick, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul, )

The adjective Mayan is sometimes used to refer to the indigenous peoples of parts of Mexico and Central America, their culture, language, and history. More formally, the use of "Mayan" is restricted to referring to an aspect of their languages; "Maya" is the adjectival form preferred when referring to non-linguistic aspects. Relevant articles: Maya civilization - dealing with the historical pre-Columbian Maya civilization, culture, history and archaeology Maya peoples - collective designation for the vario

Read more here: » Mayan: Encyclopedia - Mayan

Yucatec Maya (or Yukatek in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas, now preferred by scholars) is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, northern Belize and parts of Guatemala. To native speakers, it is known only as Maya - Yucatec is a tag linguists use to distinguish it from other Mayan languages (such as the Quiché language and the Lacandon language). Yucatec Maya is written in the Latin script. This was introduced during the Spanish Conquest of Yucatan and the old Spanish orthogr ...

Read more here: » Yucatec Maya language: Encyclopedia - Yucatec Maya language

Cenote (pronounced say-no-tay, plural: Cenotes) is the name given in the southern part of Mexico and Central America to freshwater-filled limestone sinkholes. Cenotes are fully or partially collapsed karst caves. Mature cenotes often resemble small, circular lakes or lagoons with vertical edges. The name cenote derives from Mayan language dzonot. Cenotes have long been major sources of water in much of the Yucatan peninsula, most of which lacks other easily accessible year-round water. The Maya city ...

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A Study of History is the 12-volume magnum opus of British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, finished in 1961. It is the longest written work ever composed in the English language. In it he traces the birth, growth and decay of some 21 to 23 major civilizations in the world. These are: Egyptian, Andean, Sinic, Minoan, Sumeric, Mayan , Indic, Hittite, Hellenic, Western, Orthodox Christian (Russia), Far Eastern (Korea/Japan), Orthodox Christian (main body), Far Eastern (main body), Iranic, Arabic, Hindu, Mexic, Yucatec, and Bab ...

Including:

• A Study of History - Links

Read more here: » A Study of History: Encyclopedia - A Study of History

In the Guatemalan highlands the Mayan language with the largest population, K'iche' (earlier spelled Quiché), is spoken by more than two million speakers (Ethnologue 2004). This language is the language in which the famous Maya mythological document the Popol Wuj was written. It is centered around the towns Chichicastenango and Quetzaltenango, and in the Cuchumatán Highlands. The K'iche' culture was at its p ...

See also:

Mayan languages, Mayan languages - Note on terminology, Mayan languages - Overview, Mayan languages - Language families, Mayan languages - Relation to Mesoamerican writing

Read more here: » Mayan languages: Encyclopedia II - Mayan languages - Overview

See also:

Mayan languages, Mayan languages - Note on terminology, Mayan languages - Overview, Mayan languages - Language families, Mayan languages - Relation to Mesoamerican writing

Read more here: » Mayan languages: Encyclopedia II - Mayan languages - Relation to Mesoamerican writing

The Classic Maya language is the oldest historically attested member of the Maya language family. It is the main language documented in the Pre-Columbian inscriptions of the Classic Era Maya civilization. Classic Maya language - Relationships. Classic Maya is split into at least two dialects, Ch'olan and Yucatecan. These dialects eventually evolved into the contemporary up into the Chol language and the Yucatec Maya language. Modern Ch'ol and Yucatec speakers can understand many words in Classic Maya. < ...

Including:

• Classic Maya language - Relationships
• Classic Maya language - Writing System
• Classic Maya language - Classification

Read more here: » Classic Maya language: Encyclopedia - Classic Maya language

Mesoamerican languages - Uto-Aztecan. (Other branches are outside Mesoamerica.) Corachol  •  Nayarit Huichol  • 20,000 native speakers Cora  • 15,000 Aztecan Nahuan 1,380,000 Nawatl (C & N Nahuan) • México (state), Tlaxcala, Puebla, Hidalgo Nawal (W Nahuan) • Michoacán, Durango, W Guerrero Nawat (E Nahuan) • S Veracruz, N Oaxac ...

See also:

Mesoamerican languages, Mesoamerican languages - Families, Mesoamerican languages - Uto-Aztecan, Mesoamerican languages - Oto-Manguean, Mesoamerican languages - Mixe-Zoquean, Mesoamerican languages - Totonacan, Mesoamerican languages - Mayan, Mesoamerican languages - Tolatecan, Mesoamerican languages - Chibchan, Mesoamerican languages - Misumalpan, Mesoamerican languages - Isolates, Mesoamerican languages - Proposed stocks

Read more here: » Mesoamerican languages: Encyclopedia II - Mesoamerican languages - Families

The Araucanian language, also known as Mapudungun, has been classified by some authorities as being related to the Penutian languages of North America. Others group it among the Andean languages (Greenberg 1987, Key 1978), and yet others postulate an Araucanian-Mayan relationship (Stark 1970, Hamp 1971); Croese (1989, 1991) has advanced the hypothesis that it is related to Arawak. Other authorities regard it as an isolate language. It has had some lexic ...

See also:

Mapudungun, Mapudungun - History, Mapudungun - Regional variation, Mapudungun - Sounds, Mapudungun - Grammar, Mapudungun - Studies of Mapudungun, Mapudungun - Bibliography

Read more here: » Mapudungun: Encyclopedia II - Mapudungun - History

The Spanish spoken in the Yucatán is readily identifiable as different, even to non-native ears. It is heavily influenced by the Mayan language, which is still spoken by a third of the population of the State of Yucatan, although mostly in smaller towns and villages. The Mayan language is harshly melodic, filled with X sounds, and very full throated vowels. Being enclosed by the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, and with poor land communication with the rest of Mexico, Yucatecan Spanish has also preserved many words that are no l ...

See also:

Mérida Yucatán, Mérida Yucatán - History, Mérida Yucatán - Weather, Mérida Yucatán - Culture, Mérida Yucatán - Food, Mérida Yucatán - Language and accent, Mérida Yucatán - Geography, Mérida Yucatán - Trivia

Read more here: » Mérida Yucatán: Encyclopedia II - Mérida Yucatán - Language and accent

Professor Barker, like the better-known J.R.R. Tolkien, initially approached the building of his fantasy world as a linguistic exercise. In other words, the setting provided a context for Barker's constructed languages. The most significant language created by Barker for his setting is Tsolyáni, which resembles Urdu, Pushti and Mayan. Tsolyáni has had grammatical guides, dictionaries, and even a complete language course developed for it. In order for his imaginary languages to have this type of depth, Barker developed entire culture ...

See also:

Tékumel: Empire of the Petal Throne, Tékumel: Empire of the Petal Throne - Sources, Tékumel: Empire of the Petal Throne - Setting, Tékumel: Empire of the Petal Throne - Published works, Tékumel: Empire of the Petal Throne - Role-playing games

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Nowadays, Antigua is noted for its very elaborate religious celebrations for the Holy Week leading up to Easter. There are also many Spanish language schools located in Antigua. Because of individualized instruction and reasonable fees it has become one of the most popular places in Latin America to study Spanish. Students are usually housed with local host families, and can engage in many other activities apart from immersion language courses. Tourists come to see all that Antigua has to offer, including nightlife, bars, restaurants, markets selling Mayan goods ...

See also:

Antigua Guatemala, Antigua Guatemala - Population, Antigua Guatemala - History, Antigua Guatemala - Antigua today, Antigua Guatemala - Volcanoes

Read more here: » Antigua Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - Antigua Guatemala - Antigua today

Until the late 16th century sharks were usually referred to in the English language as sea-dogs. The name "Shark" first came into use around the late 1560s to refer to the large sharks of the Caribbean Sea, and later to all sharks in general. The name may have been derived from the Mayan word for shark, xoc, pronounced "shock" or "shawk". The collective noun for a group of sharks is a shiver. ...

See also:

Shark, Shark - Characteristics, Shark - Shark Attacks, Shark - Speed, Shark - Etymology, Shark - Classification, Shark - Reproduction, Shark - Shark senses, Shark - Shark fishery, Shark - Sharks in mythology, Shark - Sharks in popular culture

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Mexico is predominantly Roman Catholic (about 89% of the population). It is the second nation with the largest Catholic population, behind Brazil and before the United States. Also, 6% of the population adheres to various Protestant faiths (mostly Pentecostal), and the remaining 5% of the population adhering to other religions or professing no religion. Some of the country's Catholics (notably those of indigenous background) syncretize Catholicism with various elements of Aztec or Mayan religions. The Virgin of Guadalupe has long been a symb ...

See also:

Mexico, Mexico - History, Mexico - Pre-Hispanic Times, Mexico - The Spanish Era, Mexico - Mexican Independence, Mexico - Government and politics, Mexico - Political divisions, Mexico - Major cities, Mexico - Geography, Mexico - Economy, Mexico - Demographics, Mexico - Religion, Mexico - Languages, Mexico - Education, Mexico - The name

Read more here: » Mexico: Encyclopedia II - Mexico - Religion

The history of vulcanized rubber goes back to prehistoric times. The name "Olmec" means "rubber people" in the Aztec language. Ancient Mesoamericans, spanning from ancient Olmecs to Aztecs, extracted latex from Castilla elastica, a type of rubber tree in the area. The juice of a local vine, Ipomoea alba, was then mixed with this latex to create an ancient vulcanized rubber as early as 1600 BC [1]! Furthermore, the Aztecs and Mayans created a non-vulcanized rubber by extracting natural rubber latex from the Hevea brasi ...

See also:

Vulcanization, Vulcanization - Reason for vulcanizing, Vulcanization - Description, Vulcanization - Overview and history, Vulcanization - Goodyear's contribution, Vulcanization - Subsequent developments

Read more here: » Vulcanization: Encyclopedia II - Vulcanization - Overview and history