Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization
Archaeological evidence shows the Maya had started to build ceremonial architecture by approximately 1000 BCE. There is some disagreement...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Agriculture
The ancient Maya had diverse and sophisticated methods of food production. It was formerly believed that slash and burn (swidden) agricul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Agriculture
The ancient Maya had diverse and sophisticated methods of food production. It was formerly believed that slash and burn (swidden) agricul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chaac: Encyclopedia - Chaac
Chaac (also rendered as Chaak or Chac) is an important deity in the pantheon of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Mesoamerica. In Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Mythology: Encyclopedia - Maya Mythology
Maya mythology refers to the pre-Columbian Maya civilization's extensive polytheistic religious beliefs. These beliefs had most likely be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Calendar: Encyclopedia - Maya Calendar
The Maya calendar is actually a system of distinct calendars and almanacs used by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coba: Encyclopedia - Coba
Coba (Cobá in the Spanish language) is a large ruined city of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization, located in the state of Quintana Roo,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Copán: Encyclopedia - Copán
The Pre-Columbian city now known as Copán is a locale in extreme western Honduras, in the Copán Department, near to the Guatemalan bord...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerica: Encyclopedia - Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is the region extending from central Mexico south to the northwestern border of Costa Rica that gave rise to a group of strat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yucatán: Encyclopedia - Yucatán
Yucatán is the name of one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. The term The Yucatán is also use...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia - Belize
Total (2003 E) Density 279,457 (July 2005 est.) 13/km² Belize is a small nation on the eastern coast of Central America, on the Caribb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chiapas: Encyclopedia - Chiapas
Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. Chiapas is bordered by the states of Tabasco to the north, Veracruz to the northwest, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Principality: Encyclopedia - Principality
A principality is a monarchial feudatory or sovereign state, whose monarch is a prince or princess. The term is also sometimes used as a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arawak: Encyclopedia - Arawak
The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for cassava flour), was used to designate the friendly Amerindians encountered by the Spanish ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahimsa: Encyclopedia - Ahimsa
Ahimsa is a religious concept which advocates non-violence and a respect for all life. Ahimsa (अहिंसा ahiṁsā) is Sanskrit ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia - Neolithic
The Neolithic, (Greek νέος (neos) = new + λίθος (lithos) = stone, or "New" Stone Age) was a period in the development of human t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vedic Civilization: Encyclopedia - Vedic Civilization
The Vedic civilization is the Indo-Aryan culture associated with the Vedas, the earliest known records of Indian history. Mainstream scho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas: Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas
The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as establ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Petén Department: Encyclopedia Ii - Petén Department - History
El Petén was already the site of ceremonial architecture by the Maya civilization around 500 BC. El Mirador is El Petén's most importan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Technology - Measuring Technological Progress
Many sociologists and anthropologists have created social theories dealing with social and cultural evolution. Some, like Lewis H. Morgan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Mythology: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Mythology - Overview
The Maya believed there were five different cardinal directions four of which were associated with colors: north/white, south/yellow, eas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Mythology: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Mythology - Overview
The Maya believed there were five different cardinal directions four of which were associated with colors: north/white, south/yellow, eas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerican Chronology: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesoamerican Chronology - Classic Era
c. mid 2nd century - early 10th century Teotihuacan grows to a metropolis and its empire dominates Mesoamerica. The greatest era of the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerican Chronology: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesoamerican Chronology - Pre-classic Era
c. 20th century BC - 2nd century AD The start of nation-states. The first large scale ceremonial architecture, development of cities. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerican Chronology: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesoamerican Chronology - Pre-classic Era
c. 20th century BC - 2nd century AD The start of nation-states. The first large scale ceremonial architecture, development of cities. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerican Chronology: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesoamerican Chronology - Archaic Era
c. 8,000 BC - 20th century BC The development of agriculture in the region. Permanent villages established. Late in this era, use of pott...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Calendar: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Calendar - Haab
The Haab was the Maya solar calendar made up of eighteen months of twenty days each and a five day month at the end of the year known as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Copán: Encyclopedia Ii - Copán - Pre-columbian History
The fertile Copán River valley was long a site of agriculture before the first known stone architecture was built in the region about th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coba: Encyclopedia Ii - Coba - The Ancient City
Coba is located around five small lagoons. A series of elevated stone and plaster roads called radiate from the central site to various s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Obsidian Use In Mesoamerica: Encyclopedia Ii - Obsidian Use In Mesoamerica - Value
Obsidian was widely distributed throughout Mesoamerica by trade. Its importance to Mesoamerican societies has been compared to the value ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerican Chronology: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesoamerican Chronology - Post-classic Era
10th century - 16th century. Collapse of many of the great nations and cities of the Classic Era, although some continue, such as in Oaxa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesoamerican Chronology: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesoamerican Chronology - Paleo-indian Period
c. 20,000 BC - 8,000 BC A period of hunter gatherers. ... See also:Mesoamerican chronology, Mesoamerican chronology - Paleo-Indian Peri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pipil: Encyclopedia Ii - Pipil - History
The prehistoric and modern Pipil are from at least three separate cultural and language groups that were loosely joined by conquest and l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - Economy
Main article: Economy of Belize The small, essentially private enterprise economy is based primarily on agriculture, agro-based industry,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Americas: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Americas - Civilizations
Civilizations were started long after migration. Several large, centralized civilizations developed in the Western Hemisphere (e.g., the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-columbian Art: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-columbian Art - Central America
The art of the Mesoamerican and Mexican cultures up to the Spanish conquest is collectively known as "Central American art". While the No...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - Geography
Main article: Geography of Belize Belize is located between the Hondo and Sarstoon Rivers, with the Belize River flowing down in the cent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Astronomy - Mesoamerica
History of astronomy - Maya civilization. The Maya calculated the solar year to somewhat greater accuracy than the Gregorian calendar. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - History
Main article: History of Belize The Maya civilization spread over Belize between 1500 BC and AD 300 and flourished until about AD 900. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yucatán: Encyclopedia Ii - Yucatán - History
Yucatán - Prehistory. Yucatán - Pre-Columbian era. Before the arrival of the Spanish in the area, the Yucatán was the home of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - Politics
Main article: Politics of Belize Belize is a parliamentary democracy and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The head of state is cu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - Culture
Main article: Culture of Belize National Holidays include Baron Bliss Day on 9 March; Commonwealth Day on the second Monday in March; Lab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Mexico: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Mexico - Pre-columbian Mexico Before 1521 A.d.
Though there are tantalizing fragments of evidence suggesting human habitation of Mexico more than 20,000 years ago, the first solid evid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of South America: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of South America - Pre-columbian Era
South America is thought to have been first inhabited by people crossing the Bering Land Bridge, now the Bering strait, though there are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Americas: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Americas - South America
See major article: History of South America The Chavín established a trade network and developed agriculture by as early as (or late co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Belize Though Belize's population is 279,457 (July 2005 est.), emigration is relatively high. Approximately...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belize: Encyclopedia Ii - Belize - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Belize Though Belize's population is 283,000(July 2005 est.), emigration is relatively high. Approximately ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magic And Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Magic And Religion - Evidence Of Magical Practices In The Archaelogical And Historical Record
Appearing from aboriginal tribes in Australia and New Zealand to rainforest tribes in South America, bush tribes in Africa and pagan trib...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chiapas: Encyclopedia Ii - Chiapas - History Of Chiapas
In Pre-Columbian times Chiapas was part of the heartland of the Maya civilization. Chiapas was conquered by Spain in the early 16th centu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - City And Trade
Agriculture also created, and allowed for the storage of, food surpluses that could support people not directly involved in food producti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chiapas: Encyclopedia Ii - Chiapas - Islam In Chiapas
Long a bastion of Roman Catholicism, the rites of which are frequently syncretized with indigenous practices and beliefs, in recent years...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Agriculture
A major change, described by the great prehistorian Vere Gordon Childe as a "revolution," occurred around the 9th millennium BCE with the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shifting Cultivation: Encyclopedia Ii - Shifting Cultivation - Simple Societies Shifting Cultivation And Environmental Change
The forests of Europe were destroyed by the seemingly inexorable ‘advances’ of civilisation, industrialisation and warfare, the sort ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Technology - By Type Of Technology
History of technology - History of biotechnology. Main article: History of biotechnology To be incorporated into main article: Timelin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Technology - By Period And Geography
History of technology - Early technology. Fire used since the paleolithic, possibly by homo erectus as early as 800,000 years ago Clot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Characteristics Of Indigenous Peoples: Overview
Indigenous peoples - Population and distribution. Indigenous societies range from those who have been significantly exposed to the colo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Guns Germs And Steel: Encyclopedia Ii - Guns Germs And Steel - Criticism
Some people criticize the argument of the book as derivative of the work of such cultural evolutionists as Leslie White, Julian Steward, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Representation
The rights, claims and even identity of indigenous peoples are apprehended, acknowledged and observed quite differently from government t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Historical Indigenous Cultures
The migration, expansion and settlement of societies throughout different territories is a universal, almost defining thread which runs t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Indigenous Knowledge And Culture
Indigenous societies possess an often unique body of cultural and environmental knowledge. The preservation and investigation of speciali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Honduras: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Honduras - Independence
Honduras, along with the other Central American provinces, gained independence from Spain in 1821; it then briefly was annexed to the Mex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Guatemala: Encyclopedia Ii - Guatemala - Economy
Main article: Economy of Guatemala The agricultural sector accounts for one quarter of GDP, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Guns Germs And Steel: Encyclopedia Ii - Guns Germs And Steel - Synopsis
Guns Germs and Steel - Prologue. The prologue to the book opens with an account of Diamond's conversation with Yali, a New Guinean poli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Viewpoints On Indigenous Societies
A range of differing viewpoints and attitudes have arisen from the experience and history of contact between indigenous and "non-indigeno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Bronze And Iron Ages
Agricultural settlements had until this time been almost completely dependent on stone tools. In Eurasia, copper and bronze tools, decora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - The Classical Empires
By the last centuries BCE the Mediterranean, the Ganges and the Yellow River became the seats of empires which future rulers would strive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Mathematics: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Mathematics - Chinese Mathematics 200 Bc - Ad 1200
In China, in 212 BC, the Emperor Qin Shi Huang (Shi Huang-ti) commanded that all books be burned. While this order was not universally ob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Farming
A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in those areas where crop farming and cul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Technology
Neolithic peoples were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (suc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of El Salvador: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of El Salvador - Human Rights And Post-war Reforms
During the 12-year civil war, human rights violations by both the government security forces and left-wing guerrillas were rampant. The a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Hunter-gatherers
The earliest available evidence places the origin of modern Homo sapiens in Africa about 200,000 years ago during the Palaeolithic period...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - State
Agriculture led to several major changes. It allowed far larger population densities, which organized themselves into states. There are s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Age Of Kingdoms
Throughout the temperate zones of Eurasia, America, and North Africa, large empires continued to rise and fall. The gradual breakup of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Guns Germs And Steel: Encyclopedia Ii - Guns Germs And Steel - Responses To Criticism
Guns Germs and Steel - Anticipation of Criticism. Before stating his main argument, Diamond considers three possible criticisms of his ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Indigenous Rights Issues And Concerns
Wherever indigenous cultural identity is asserted, some particular set of societal issues and concerns may be voiced which either arise f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Indigenous Rights, Issues And Concerns
Wherever indigenous cultural identity is asserted, some particular set of societal issues and concerns may be voiced which either arise f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic - Farming
A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in those areas where crop farming and cul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The World: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The World - Rise Of Europe
The second half of the second millennium was dominated by the expansion of European power around the world. Why Europe, which had been a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genocides In History: Encyclopedia Ii - Genocides In History - Genocides From 1951 To 1990
Universal acceptance of international laws, defining and forbidding genocide was achieved in 1948, with the promulgation of the Conventio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas - Cultural Aspects
Though cultural features including language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another; there are certain elements whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Contemporary Distribution And Survey
Indigenous populations are distributed in regions throughout the globe. The numbers, condition and experience of indigenous groups may va...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indigenous Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Indigenous Peoples - Contemporary Distribution And Survey
Indigenous populations are distributed in regions throughout the globe. The numbers, condition and experience of indigenous groups may va...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Architecture
As unique and spectacular as any Greek or Roman architecture, Maya architecture spans many thousands of years; yet, often the most dramat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Architecture
As unique and spectacular as any Greek or Roman architecture, Maya architecture spans many thousands of years; yet, often the most dramat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Origins
Archaeological evidence shows the Maya had started to build ceremonial architecture by approximately 1000 BCE. There is some disagreement...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Origins
Archaeological evidence shows the Maya had started to build ceremonial architecture by approximately 1000 BCE. There is some disagreement...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - List Of Maya Sites
Maya civilization - Most important sites. Chichen Itza Coba Copán Kalakmul Palenque Tikal Uxmal Maya civilization - Other important...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - List Of Maya Sites
Maya civilization - Most important sites. Chichen Itza Coba Copán Kalakmul Palenque Tikal Uxmal Maya civilization - Other important...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Writing And Literacy
Maya civilization - Writing system. Main article: Maya hieroglyphics The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphics from a vague...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Decline Of The Maya
In the 8th and 9th centuries CE Classic Maya culture went into decline, with most of the cities of the central lowlands abandoned. Warfar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Writing And Literacy
Maya civilization - Writing system. Main article: Maya hieroglyphics The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphics from a vague...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Mathematics
The Maya used a base 20 numbering system (see Maya numerals). Also, they (or their Olmec predecessors) independently developed the concep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Religion
Like the Aztec and Inca who came to power later, the Maya believed in a cyclical nature of time. The rituals and ceremonies were very clo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Political Structures
A typical Classic Maya polity was a small kingdom (ajawil, ajawlel, ajawlil) headed by a hereditary ruler – ajaw, later k’uhul ajaw. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Decline Of The Maya
In the 8th and 9th centuries CE, Classic Maya culture went into decline, with most of the cities of the central lowlands abandoned. Warfa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Rediscovery Of The Pre-columbian Maya
The Spanish American Colonies were largely cut off from the outside world, and the ruins of the great ancient cities were little known ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Mathematics
The Maya used a base 20 numbering system (see Maya numerals). Also, they (or their Olmec predecessors) independently developed the concep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Religion
Like the Aztec and Inca who came to power later, the Maya believed in a cyclical nature of time. The rituals and ceremonies were very clo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maya Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Maya Civilization - Rediscovery Of The Pre-columbian Maya
The Spanish American Colonies were largely cut off from the outside world, and the ruins of the great ancient cities were little known ex...   » Read the article

Article - Popular Pages Sitemap Iv - M
This is a sitemap for Popular Pages IV - M . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. ...   » Read the article