Terror is only justice that is prompt, severe and inflexible. (Maximilien Robespierre) Some have argued that Robespierre's role in the Terror was but minor, and that he was a subordinate player within the Committee of Public Safety, whose contribution was ideological rather than practical. Other apologists such as Babeuf and Buonarroti have sought more reasonably to exculpate him on the grounds of practical expediency. However, although Robespierre may not have raised the levers on the guillotine himself, as the leader, mouthpiece and articulator of the Terror, that h ...

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Maximilien Robespierre, Maximilien Robespierre - Family and early life, Maximilien Robespierre - Early Politics, Maximilien Robespierre - Robespierre's opposition to war with Austria, Maximilien Robespierre - The great question regarding the execution of Louis XVI, Maximilien Robespierre - Destruction of the Girondins, Maximilien Robespierre - Foundation of the Committee of Public Safety, Maximilien Robespierre - The Terror, Maximilien Robespierre - Robespierre's downfall, Maximilien Robespierre - Historians' views of Robespierre

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Maximilien Robespierre, Maximilien Robespierre - Family and early life, Maximilien Robespierre - Early politics, Maximilien Robespierre - Robespierre's opposition to war with Austria, Maximilien Robespierre - The great question regarding the execution of Louis XVI, Maximilien Robespierre - Destruction of the Girondins, Maximilien Robespierre - Foundation of the Committee of Public Safety, Maximilien Robespierre - The Terror, Maximilien Robespierre - Robespierre's downfall, Maximilien Robespierre - Historians' views of Robespierre

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At last, on July 26, Robespierre appeared, for the first time for more than four weeks, in the Convention and delivered a harangue, lasting more than two hours. He warned of a conspiracy that threatened the Republic, that certain deputies who had acted unjustly and exceeded their powers ought to be punished, and that the Committees of Public Safety and General Security should be renewed. This raised great excitement in the Convention. Robespierre had not mentioned any names and all wondered who were the deputies destined to be punished. All were surprised that the Terror should be imputed as a fa ...

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Maximilien Robespierre, Maximilien Robespierre - Family and early life, Maximilien Robespierre - Early politics, Maximilien Robespierre - Robespierre's opposition to war with Austria, Maximilien Robespierre - The great question regarding the execution of Louis XVI, Maximilien Robespierre - Destruction of the Girondins, Maximilien Robespierre - Foundation of the Committee of Public Safety, Maximilien Robespierre - The Terror, Maximilien Robespierre - Robespierre's downfall, Maximilien Robespierre - Historians' views of Robespierre

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The Convention held its first session in a hall of the Tuileries, then it sat in the Salle du Manège, and finally from 10 May 1793 in that of the Spectacles (or Machine), an immense hall in which the deputies were but loosely scattered. This last hall had tribunes for the public, who often influenced the debate by interruptions or by applause. The members of the Convention came from all classes of society, but the most numerous were lawyers. Seventy-five members had sat in the National Constituent Assembly, 183 in the Legislative Ass ...

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National Convention, National Convention - Formation, National Convention - Revolutionary government, National Convention - Structure and membership, National Convention - Legacy

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During the insurrection of 10 August 1792, when the populace of Paris stormed the Tuileries and demanded the abolition of the monarchy, the Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a "national convention" which should draw up a constitution. At the same time it was decided that the deputies to that convention should be elected by all Frenchmen 25 years old or more, domiciled for a year and living by the product of their labour. The National Convention was therefore the first French asse ...

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National Convention, National Convention - Formation, National Convention - Revolutionary government, National Convention - Structure and membership, National Convention - Legacy

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The Convention lasted for three years. The country was at war, and it seemed best to postpone the implementation of the new constitution until peace should be concluded. At the same time as the Convention prolonged its powers it extended them considerably in order to meet the pressing dangers which menaced the Republic. Though a legislative assembly, it took over the executive power, entrusting it to its own members. This "confusion of powers", contrary to the philosophical theories - those of Montesquieu especially - which had inspir ...

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National Convention, National Convention - Formation, National Convention - Revolutionary government, National Convention - Structure and membership, National Convention - Legacy

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Born in Ajaccio, Corsica, and educated in mainland France, Lucien returned to Corsica at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio, where he renamed himself "Brutus". An ally of Maximilien Robespierre during the Reign of Terror, he was briefly imprisoned (at Aix-en-Provence) after the coup of 9 Thermidor. As president of the Council of Five Hundred — which he removed to the suburban security of Saint-Cloud — Lucien Bonaparte's combination of bravado and disinformat ...

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Lucien Bonaparte, Lucien Bonaparte - Revolutionary activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Later years, Lucien Bonaparte - Academic activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Marriages and children

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The ruling spirit of this new revolution was Danton, a barrister only thirty-two years old, who had not sat in either Assembly, although he had been the leader of the Cordeliers, an advanced republican club, and had a strong hold on the common people of Paris. Danton and his friends and allies – Maximilien Robespierre, Camille Desmoulins, Fabre d'Églantine, Marat, etc. – were assisted in their work by the fear of invasion. Volunteers and fédérés were constantly arriving in Paris, and, although most went on to join the a ...

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10th of August French Revolution, 10th of August French Revolution - The context, 10th of August French Revolution - La Patrie en danger, 10th of August French Revolution - Insurrectionism, 10th of August French Revolution - The insurrection, 10th of August French Revolution - The demise of the National Assembly, 10th of August French Revolution - The aftermath, 10th of August French Revolution - External link

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. 18th century - Events. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter the Great. Russian cap ...

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18th century - Events
18th century - 1710s 18th century - 1720s 18th century - 1730s 18th century - 1740s 18th century - 1750s 18th century - 1760s 18th century - 1770s 18th century - 1780s 18th century - 1790s
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1794 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders From Categories: births - deaths 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). 1794 - Events. February 11 - 1st session of the United States Senate is open to the public. ...

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1794 - Events
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. 18th century - Events. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter the Great. Russian cap ...

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18th century - Events
18th century - 1710s 18th century - 1720s 18th century - 1730s 18th century - 1740s 18th century - 1750s 18th century - 1760s 18th century - 1770s 18th century - 1780s 18th century - 1790s
18th century - Significant people 18th century - Inventions, discoveries, introductions 18th century - Decades and years

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. 18th century - Events. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter the Great. Russian cap ...

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18th century - Events
18th century - 1710s 18th century - 1720s 18th century - 1730s 18th century - 1740s 18th century - 1750s 18th century - 1760s 18th century - 1770s 18th century - 1780s 18th century - 1790s
18th century - Significant people 18th century - Inventions, discoveries, introductions 18th century - Decades and years

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Liberalism is an ideology, or current of political thought, which strives to maximize liberty. [1] Liberalism seeks a society characterized by freedom of thought for individuals, limitations on the power of government and religion, the rule of law, the free exchange of ideas, a free market economy that supports private enterprise, and a system of government that is transparent. This form of government favors liberal democracy with open and fair ...

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Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism: an overview
Liberalism - Trends within liberalism Liberalism - Comparative influences
Liberalism - Development of liberal thought
Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world
Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism
Liberalism - A general overview of political positions Liberalism - Political deviances Liberalism - Comparative critiques Liberalism - Liberal conservatism Liberalism - Neoliberalism
Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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During the French Revolution (1789-1799) democracy and republicanism replaced the absolute monarchy in France, and the French sector of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. While France would oscillate among republic, empire, and monarchy for 75 years after the First Republic fell to a coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte, the revolution nonetheless spelled a definitive end to the ancien régime, and eclipses both subsequent revolutions in the popular imagination. It is widel ...

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French Revolution - Causes French Revolution - History
French Revolution - The National Assembly French Revolution - The National Constituent Assembly French Revolution - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy French Revolution - The Convention French Revolution - The Directory French Revolution - Other revolutions in French history

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Decapitation, or beheading, is the removal of a living organism's head. Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e.g., as a means of murder or execution; it may be accomplished, for example, with an axe, sword, or knife, or by means of a guillotine. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, automobile or industrial accident or other violent injury. Suicide by decapitation is rare, but not unknown. In 2003 a British man killed himself by means of a home-made guil ...

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Decapitation - Decapitation throughout history Decapitation - Decapitation in the modern world Decapitation - Some famous persons who have been beheaded
Decapitation - Celtic Saints Decapitation - Islamic Decapitation - China Decapitation - England Decapitation - French Revolution Decapitation - Italy Decapitation - Mythological Decapitation - Scotland Decapitation - Nazi Germany Decapitation - Modern era
Decapitation - Other meanings of the word

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(1st millennium – 2nd millennium – 3rd millennium – other millennia) 2nd millennium - Events. European crusades in Middle East Mongol Empires in Asia The Black Death The Renaissance in Europe The Protestant Reformation The agricultural and industrial revolutions The rise of nationalism and the nation state European discovery of the Americas and Australia and their colonization European colonization and decolonization in Afri ...

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2nd millennium - Events 2nd millennium - Significant persons 2nd millennium - Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions 2nd millennium - Centuries and Decades

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During the French Revolution (1789-1799) democracy and republicanism replaced the absolute monarchy in France, and the French sector of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. While France would oscillate among republic, empire, and monarchy for 75 years after the First Republic fell to a coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte, the revolution nonetheless spelled a definitive end to the ancien régime, and eclipses both subsequent revolutions in the popular imagination. It is widel ...

Including:

French Revolution - Causes French Revolution - History
French Revolution - The Estates-General of 1789 French Revolution - The National Assembly French Revolution - The National Constituent Assembly French Revolution - The Legislative Assembly and the fall of the Monarchy French Revolution - The Convention French Revolution - The Directory French Revolution - Other revolutions in French history

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Decapitation, or beheading, is the removal of a living organism's head. Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e.g., as a means of murder or execution; it may be accomplished, for example, with an axe, sword, or knife, or by means of a guillotine. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, automobile or industrial accident or other violent injury. Suicide by decapitation is rare, but not unknown. In 2003 a British man killed himself by means of a home-made guil ...

Including:

Decapitation - Decapitation throughout history Decapitation - Decapitation in the modern world Decapitation - Some famous persons who have been beheaded
Decapitation - Biblical Decapitation - Celtic Saints Decapitation - Islamic Decapitation - China Decapitation - England Decapitation - French Revolution Decapitation - Italy Decapitation - Mythological Decapitation - Scotland Decapitation - Nazi Germany Decapitation - Modern era
Decapitation - Other meanings of the word

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1790s - Events and Trends. French Revolution (1789 - 1799). It is considered to have effectively ended on November 9, 1799 when a successful coup d'état places Napoléon Bonaparte in control of France. French inventor Claude Chappe first demonstrates a practical semaphore system (1792). Use of the system will eventually expand to include the whole of France. This is considered to be the first practical telecommunications system. 1790s - World Leaders. < ...

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1790s - Events and Trends 1790s - World Leaders

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Liberalism is an ideology, or current of political thought, which strives to maximize liberty. [1] Liberalism seeks a society characterized by freedom of thought for individuals, limitations on the power of government and religion, the rule of law, the free exchange of ideas, a free market economy that supports private enterprise, and a system of government that is transparent. This form of government favors liberal democracy with open and fair ...

Including:

Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism: an overview
Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage Liberalism - Trends within liberalism Liberalism - Comparative influences
Liberalism - Development of liberal thought
Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world
Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism
Liberalism - A general overview of political positions Liberalism - Political deviances Liberalism - Comparative critiques Liberalism - Liberal conservatism Liberalism - Neoliberalism
Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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