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Mathura | A Wisdom Archive on Mathura | | Mathura A selection of articles related to Mathura | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Mathura | | | |  Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Silk Road - Origins
Silk Road - Cross-continental travel.
As accomplished waterway shipping and domestication of efficient pack animals both increased the capacity for prehistoric peoples to carry heavier loads over greater distances, cultural exchanges and trade developed rapidly. For example, shipping in predynastic Egypt was already established by the 4th millennium BC along with domestication of the donkey, with the dromedary possibly having been domesticated as well. Domestication of the Bactrian camel and use of the horse for means of transport then follo ...
See also:Silk Road, Silk Road - Origins, Silk Road - Cross-continental travel, Silk Road - Ancient transport, Silk Road - Egyptian maritime trade, Silk Road - British tin, Silk Road - Chinese and Central Asian contacts, Silk Road - Persian Royal Road, Silk Road - Roman and Egyptian transatlantic voyages, Silk Road - Hellenistic conquests, Silk Road - Chinese exploration of Central Asia, Silk Road - Zhang Qian 138-126 BCE, Silk Road - Ban Chao 97-102 CE, Silk Road - The Roman Empire and silk, Silk Road - Central Asian commercial & cultural exchanges, Silk Road - Artistic transmission on the Silk Road, Silk Road - Mongol era, Silk Road - Technological transfer to the West, Silk Road - Disintegration, Silk Road - The great explorers: Europe reaching for Asia, Silk Road - External links, Silk Road - Notes Read more here: » Silk Road: Encyclopedia II - Silk Road - Origins |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - History of Buddhism - Mahayana expansion 1st c.CE–10th c.CE From that point on, and in the space of a few centuries, Mahayana was to flourish and spread in the East from India to South-East Asia, and towards the north to Central Asia, China, Korea, and finally to Japan in 538 CE.
History of Buddhism - India.
After the end of the Kushans, Buddhism flourished in India during the dynasty of the Guptas (4th–6th century). Mahayana centers of learning were established, especially at Nalanda in north-eastern India, which was to become the largest and most influential Bu ...
See also:History of Buddhism, History of Buddhism - Life of the Buddha, History of Buddhism - Early Buddhism, History of Buddhism - 1st Buddhist council 5th c. BCE, History of Buddhism - 2nd Buddhist council 383 BCE, History of Buddhism - Ashokan proselytism c. 260 BCE, History of Buddhism - 3rd Buddhist council c.250 BCE, History of Buddhism - Hellenistic world, History of Buddhism - Asian expansion, History of Buddhism - Sunga persecutions 2nd–1st c.BCE, History of Buddhism - Greco-Buddhist interaction 2nd c. BCE–1st c. CE, History of Buddhism - Rise of Mahayana 1st c.BCE–2nd c.CE, History of Buddhism - Mahayana expansion 1st c.CE–10th c.CE, History of Buddhism - India, History of Buddhism - Central and Northern Asia, History of Buddhism - South-East Asia, History of Buddhism - Emergence of the Vajrayana 5th century, History of Buddhism - Theravada Renaissance 11th century CE—, History of Buddhism - Expansion of Buddhism to the West, History of Buddhism - Notes Read more here: » History of Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - History of Buddhism - Mahayana expansion 1st c.CE–10th c.CE |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Mahajanapadas - Overview The political process among the ancient Indo-Aryans appears to have originally started with semi-nomadic tribal units called Jana (meaning tribe). Early Vedic texts attest several Janas or tribes of the Aryans, living in semi-nomadic tribal state, fighting among themselves and with other Non-Aryan tribes for cows, sheeps and green pastures. These early Vedic Janas later coalesced into Janapadas of the Epic Age.
Term "Janapada" literally means the foothold of a tribe. The derivative meaning of Janapada from ...
See also:Mahajanapadas, Mahajanapadas - Overview, Mahajanapadas - Kasi, Mahajanapadas - Kosala, Mahajanapadas - Anga, Mahajanapadas - Magadha, Mahajanapadas - Vajji or Vriji, Mahajanapadas - Malla, Mahajanapadas - Chedi or Cheti, Mahajanapadas - Vamsa or Vatsa, Mahajanapadas - Kuru, Mahajanapadas - Panchala, Mahajanapadas - Machcha or Matsya, Mahajanapadas - Surasena, Mahajanapadas - Assaka or Ashmaka, Mahajanapadas - Avanti, Mahajanapadas - Gandhara, Mahajanapadas - Kamboja Read more here: » Mahajanapadas: Encyclopedia II - Mahajanapadas - Overview |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Dwarka - History The legend says that Lord Krishna renounced war in Mathura for the greater good (and hence the name Ranchodrai) and founded (and settled in) Dwarka. Sri Krishna killed Kamsa (his maternal uncle) and made Ugrasen (his maternal grandfather) the king of Mathura. Enraged, the father-in-law of Kamsa, Jarasandha (king of Magadha) with his friend Kalayavan attacked Mathura 17 times. For the safety of the people, Krishna and Yadavas decided to move t ...
See also:Dwarka, Dwarka - Geography, Dwarka - Holy City, Dwarka - History, Dwarka - Recent archeological findings, Dwarka - Under Water Dwaraka Museum, Dwarka - Places of Interest, Dwarka - Book Read more here: » Dwarka: Encyclopedia II - Dwarka - History |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - K. Natwar Singh - Career as politician In 1984 he joined the Congress Party and was elected to the eighth Lok Sabha from Bharatpur constituency in Rajasthan. In 1985 he became a minister of state in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's council of ministers with the portfolios of steel, coal and mines, and agriculture. In 1986, he became minister of state for external affairs i.e. in charge of foreign relations and stayed in this post till 1989, when the government was defeated in the general elections. He was also elected President of the UN Conference on Disarmament and Development held in New York in 1987. He led the Indian de ...
See also:K. Natwar Singh, K. Natwar Singh - Education and early life, K. Natwar Singh - Career as bureaucrat, K. Natwar Singh - Career as politician, K. Natwar Singh - Controversial actions and statements, K. Natwar Singh - Stand on Iraq, K. Natwar Singh - Pakistan, K. Natwar Singh - United States of America, K. Natwar Singh - Books Published Read more here: » K. Natwar Singh: Encyclopedia II - K. Natwar Singh - Career as politician |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Raja Ram Jat - Raja Ram attacked Sikandara After a short while, Raja Ram reappeared at Sikandara and taking advantage of the delay in coming of Shaista Khan, the governor-designate of Agra, he attacked and plundered Akbar’s mausoleum. The Jat leader carried away the precious articles of gold and silver, carpets, lamps etc. and destroyed what he could not carry.
According to Manucci the Jats dragged out the bones of Akbar, threw them angrily into fire and burnt them. Thus avenged Gokula. Muhammad Baqa (the Naib of Khan-i-Jahan) who was then at Agra, did nothing to frustrate t ...
See also:Raja Ram Jat, Raja Ram Jat - The great organizer, Raja Ram Jat - Military training, Raja Ram Jat - The defense strategy, Raja Ram Jat - Raids by Raja Ram, Raja Ram Jat - Worries of the Emperor Aurangzeb, Raja Ram Jat - Raja Ram killed Aghar Khan, Raja Ram Jat - Raja Ram attacked Sikandara, Raja Ram Jat - The battle of Bijal, Raja Ram Jat - Need to assess Raja Ram Read more here: » Raja Ram Jat: Encyclopedia II - Raja Ram Jat - Raja Ram attacked Sikandara |
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| | | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in ancient wars The Kambojas were basically a republican people. They were constituted into military Sanghas and Corporations to manage their affairs, as Kautiliya and Mahabharata amply attest for us. They are also attested to be living as Ayuddha-jivi or Shastr-opajivis, which means that the Kamboja cavalry offered its military services to other nations as well. There are numerous references to Kambojas being requistioned as cavalry troopers in ancient wars by outside nations.
A few illustrative references from ancient literature are presented below to prove this point.
< ...
See also:Ashvakas, Ashvakas - Geographical location, Ashvakas - Ashvakas are the Kambojas, Ashvakas - Buddhist Texts evidence, Ashvakas - Mahabharata evidence, Ashvakas - Ashvaka coins and Arthashastra evidence, Ashvakas - More opinions from scholars, Ashvakas - Afghan and Ashvakan relationship, Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in ancient wars, Ashvakas - Military supporters of Haihaya Yadavas, Ashvakas - Military supporters of king Jarasandha of Magadha, Ashvakas - Military supporters of Kurus in Mahabharta war, Ashvakas - Military supporters of Vashishtha against Vishwamitra, Ashvakas - In the armies of Persians against Greeks, Ashvakas - Military supporters of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Ashvakas - Military supporters of king Brihadratha Maurya, Ashvakas - Yavana and Kamboja cavalry invades Mid India, Ashvakas - Saka Kamboja Pahlava cavalry invades north-west India, Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in the army of Palas of Bengal, Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in the army of Gurjara-Pratiharas Read more here: » Ashvakas: Encyclopedia II - Ashvakas - Kamboja cavalry in ancient wars |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign
Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law.
The Mughals had for the most part been tolerant of non-Muslims, allowing them to practice their customs and religion without too much interference. Though certain Muslim laws had been in place during earlier reigns -- prohibitions against building new Hindu temples, for example, or on the tax on non-Muslims (the Jizyah), enforcement by earlier emperors had been lax, encour ...
See also:Aurangzeb, Aurangzeb - Rise to throne, Aurangzeb - Early life, Aurangzeb - War of succession, Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign, Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law, Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire, Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims, Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration, Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign, Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion, Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas, Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa, Aurangzeb - Legacy, Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians, Aurangzeb - Wolpert, Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia II - Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign |
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| | | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Aiyasi Kamuia - Aiyasi Kamuia Kambojaka The Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions discovered in 1896 from Saptarsi mound in the south-eastern part of Mathura city in Uttar Pradesh, India presently housed in the British Museum London, contains an epigraph in Kharoshthi characters, which refers to princess Aiyasi Kamuia as the chief queen (Agra-Mahisi) of Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula. Princess Aiyasi was the daughter of the Yuvaraja Kharaostes (Kharaosta) himself a Kamuio (Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, part I, p 36 & xxxvi, Dr Stein Konow). See also: [1].
Some scholars interpret the name Aiyasi ...
See also:Aiyasi Kamuia, Aiyasi Kamuia - Aiyasi Kamuia Kambojaka, Aiyasi Kamuia - Epilogue, Aiyasi Kamuia - Epilogue 1, Aiyasi Kamuia - Epilogue 2 Read more here: » Aiyasi Kamuia: Encyclopedia II - Aiyasi Kamuia - Aiyasi Kamuia Kambojaka |
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| | | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Diwali - The Five days of Diwali Diwali is celebrated over five days in most of North India as:
Diwali - First day.
The first day of the festival is known as Dhan teras or Dhantrayodashi. Dhan means "wealth" and Trayodashi means "13th day". Thus, as the name implies, this day falls on the 13th day of the first half of the lunar month. On this day, it is believed that Lord Dhanvantari emerged from the waters of the ocean holding the knowledge of the spiritual medicines of Ayurveda, to help ...
See also:Diwali, Diwali - Date, Diwali - Significance in Hinduism, Diwali - The Five days of Diwali, Diwali - First day, Diwali - Second day, Diwali - Third day actual day of Diwali, Diwali - Fourth day, Diwali - Fifth day, Diwali - Diwali in Sikhism, Diwali - Diwali in Jainism, Diwali - Diwali in other parts of the world, Diwali - Notes Read more here: » Diwali: Encyclopedia II - Diwali - The Five days of Diwali |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist art The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to Central Asia, China and ultimately Korea and Japan started in the 1st century CE with a semi-legendary account of an embassy sent to the West by the Chinese Emperor Ming (58-75 CE). However, extensive contacts started in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin, with the missionary efforts of a great number of Central Asian Buddhist monks to Chinese lands. The first missionaries and translators of Buddhists scriptures into Chinese, such as Lokaks ...
See also:Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Aniconic phase 5th century - 1st century BCE, Buddhist art - Iconic phase 1st century CE – present, Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Afghanistan, Buddhist art - Central Asia, Buddhist art - China, Buddhist art - Korea, Buddhist art - Japan, Buddhist art - Tibet and Bhutan, Buddhist art - Vietnam, Buddhist art - Southern Buddhist art, Buddhist art - Burma, Buddhist art - Cambodia, Buddhist art - Thailand, Buddhist art - Indonesia Read more here: » Buddhist art: Encyclopedia II - Buddhist art - Northern Buddhist art |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Xuanzang - Early Life Xuanzang, whose lay name was Chenhui, was born into a family possessing erudition for generations. He was the youngest of four children. His great-grandfather was an official serving as a prefect, his grandfather was appointed as professor in the Imperial College at the capital. His father was a conservative Confucianist who gave up office and withdrew into seclusion to escape the political turmoil that gripped China at that time. According to traditional biographies, Xuanzang displayed a superb intelligence and earnestness, amazing his fath ...
See also:Xuanzang, Xuanzang - Name, Xuanzang - Early Life, Xuanzang - Pilgrimage, Xuanzang - India, Xuanzang - Legacy, Xuanzang - Relics, Xuanzang - Sources Read more here: » Xuanzang: Encyclopedia II - Xuanzang - Early Life |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - 1999 in rail transport - Events
1999 in rail transport - January events.
January 25 - The New York City Transit Authority installs the first MetroCard Vending Machines at two subway stations in the city.[1]
1999 in rail transport - March events.
March 15 - In the Bourbonnais train accident, the southbound Amtrak train 59, City of New Orleans, strikes a loaded semi-truck on a grade crossing in Bourbonnais, Illinois; all but three of the passeng ...
See also:1999 in rail transport, 1999 in rail transport - Events, 1999 in rail transport - January events, 1999 in rail transport - March events, 1999 in rail transport - July events, 1999 in rail transport - August events, 1999 in rail transport - September events, 1999 in rail transport - October events, 1999 in rail transport - December events, 1999 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1999 in rail transport - Deaths Read more here: » 1999 in rail transport: Encyclopedia II - 1999 in rail transport - Events |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion In addition to the worship of the Classical pantheon of the Greek deities found on their coins (Zeus, Herakles, Athena, Apollo...), the Indo-Greeks were involved with local faiths, particularly with Buddhism, but also with Hinduism and Zoroastrianism.
Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism.
Main article: Greco-Buddhism
The Edicts of Ashoka, inscribed during the reign of the Indian emperor Ashoka (273-232 BCE), claim that the Greek populations of the northwestern Indian subcontinent (in today's Afghani ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Early History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Evidence of the initial invasion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation and rise of Menander I, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Bactrian invasions against Indo-Greek Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Economy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Armed forces, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Later History, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Enduring legacy of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - List of the Indo-Greek kings and their territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - Religion |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and Buddhism Main article: Greco-Buddhism
The Edicts of Ashoka, inscribed during the reign of the Indian emperor Ashoka (273-232 BCE), claim that the Greek populations of the northwestern Indian subcontinent (in today's Afghanistan and ancient Gandhara) had already welcomed Buddhism by around 250 BCE:
"Here in the king's domain among the Greeks, the Kambojas, the Nabhakas, the Nabhapamkits, the Bhojas, the Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas, everywhere people are following Beloved-of-the-Gods' instructions ...
See also:Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Historical outline, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Occupation of Northern India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Consolidation, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and Indian culture, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and Buddhism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The conversion of Menander, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhist proselytism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Buddhist symbolism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Representation of the Buddha, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Incipient Greco-Buddhist art, Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and other faiths, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Hinduism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Zoroastrianism, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greeks in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Scythian and Kushan invasions, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Aftermaths, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Art and religion, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Astronomy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Military role, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Linguistic legacy, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Influence of Indo-Greek coinage, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Genetic contribution, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Greco-Roman exchanges with India, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Main Indo-Greek kings timeline and territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Eastern territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Western territories, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Indo-Greek princelets Gandhara, Indo-Greek Kingdom - Notes Read more here: » Indo-Greek Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Greek Kingdom - The Indo-Greeks and Buddhism |
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| | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History Related articles: History of Afghanistan, History of Iran, History of Tajikistan, History of South Asia, History of Central Asia, History of India.
As one of the cradles of human civilisation, the Pakistani region has long been at the crossroads of history. It was the birthplace of some of the most ancient civilisations and a strategic centre of historic trade routes, including the Silk Road. Pakistan was the site of much of the Indus Valley Civilisation and was subsequently occupied by many groups, including Dravidians, ...
See also:Pakistan, Pakistan - History, Pakistan - Ancient History, Pakistan - Arrival of Islam, Pakistan - British rule, Pakistan - Post-independence, Pakistan - Politics, Pakistan - Political history, Pakistan - Foreign relations, Pakistan - Provinces and Territories, Pakistan - Geography, Pakistan - Tourism, Pakistan - Economy, Pakistan - Overview, Pakistan - Demographics, Pakistan - Population Statistics, Pakistan - Religion, Pakistan - Languages, Pakistan - Ethnic groups, Pakistan - Society and culture, Pakistan - Roots, Pakistan - Media, Pakistan - Globalization, Pakistan - Mercantile culture Read more here: » Pakistan: Encyclopedia II - Pakistan - History |
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| | | | | | Mathura: Encyclopedia II - List of holy cities - Buddhism
List of holy cities - Tibetan Buddhism.
More important then anything inherent to the places is the presence of the holiest leaders, the highest lamas, who are considered reincarnations of their predecessors.
Lhasa, seat of the Dalai Lama (now in exile in Dharmsala, India) in the Potala palace, also national (and under Chinese rule regional) capital of Tibet
Shigatse, seat of the Panchen Lama, also the country's second city
Tsurphu, (later in exile Rumtek in Sikkim, India), seat of t ...
See also:List of holy cities, List of holy cities - Assyrio-Babylonian, List of holy cities - Ayyavazhi, List of holy cities - Bahá'í, List of holy cities - Buddhism, List of holy cities - Tibetan Buddhism, List of holy cities - Christianity, List of holy cities - Armenian Apostolic, List of holy cities - Roman Catholicism, List of holy cities - Eastern Orthodox, List of holy cities - Anglicanism, List of holy cities - Protestantism, List of holy cities - Latter-Day Saint Mormonism, List of holy cities - Confucianism, List of holy cities - Ancient Egypt, List of holy cities - Ancient Greece, List of holy cities - Hinduism, List of holy cities - Jyothirlingams Shaivism, List of holy cities - Kumbh Mela sites, List of holy cities - The Shankara Mathams, List of holy cities - Subrahmanya Kshetram's, List of holy cities - Ranganatha Kshetram's, List of holy cities - Islam, List of holy cities - Shia, List of holy cities - Sufism, List of holy cities - Jainism, List of holy cities - Judaism, List of holy cities - Shintoism, List of holy cities - Sikhism, List of holy cities - Taoism Read more here: » List of holy cities: Encyclopedia II - List of holy cities - Buddhism |
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