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Masoretes | A Wisdom Archive on Masoretes | | Masoretes A selection of articles related to Masoretes | |
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masoretes, Masoretes
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Masoretes | | | |  Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - DialectsAccording to Ethnologue, dialects of Hebrew include Standard Hebrew (General Israeli, Europeanized Hebrew), Oriental Hebrew (Arabized Hebrew, Yemenite Hebrew).
In practice, there is also Ashkenazi Hebrew, still widely used in Ashkenazi Jewish religious services and studies in Israel and abroad. It was influenced by the Yiddish language.
Sephardi Hebrew language is the basis of Standard Hebrew and not all that different from it, although traditionally it has had a greater range of phoneme ...
See also:Hebrew language, Hebrew language - History, Hebrew language - Early history, Hebrew language - Later history, Hebrew language - Revival, Hebrew language - Modern Hebrew, Hebrew language - Hebrew language in the USSR, Hebrew language - Dialects, Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew, Hebrew language - Sounds, Hebrew language - Vowels, Hebrew language - Consonants, Hebrew language - Historical sound changes, Hebrew language - Grammar, Hebrew language - Writing system, Hebrew language - Romanization, Hebrew language - Notes, Hebrew language - Bibliography Read more here: » Hebrew language: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Dialects |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The Christian Bible History of Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth
The Apostles
Ecumenical councils
Great Schism
The Crusades
Reformation
The Trinity of God
God the Father
Christ the Son
The Holy Spirit
Christian theology
Christian Church
Christian worship
Grace
Salvation
Sermon on the Mount
The Ten Commandments
The Christian Bible
Old Testament
New Testament
Apocrypha
Christian denominations
Catholicism
Orthodox Christianity
P ...
See also:Bible, Bible - The Hebrew Bible, Bible - Torah, Bible - Nevi'im, Bible - Ketuvim, Bible - Translations and editions, Bible - The Christian Bible, Bible - The Old Testament, Bible - The New Testament, Bible - The canonization of Scripture, Bible - Bible versions and translations, Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses Read more here: » Bible: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The Christian Bible |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Tetragrammaton - Possible origins A common suggestion, as articulated by biblical scholar Mark S. Smith in The Origins of Biblical Monotheism, is that the Israelite Yahweh was derived from the traditions of the Shasu, linguistically Canaanite nomads from southern transjordan. An Egyptian inscription from the Temple of Amun at Karnak from the time of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (1390-1352 BCE) refers to the "Shasu of Yhw," evidence that this god was worshipped among some of the Shasu tribes at this time. Biblical archaeologist Amihai Mazar, in Archaeology of the Land of t ...
See also:Tetragrammaton, Tetragrammaton - Meaning, Tetragrammaton - Using consonants as semi-vowels, Tetragrammaton - Using the vowels of YHWH, Tetragrammaton - Vowel marks, Tetragrammaton - The Scholarly Reconstructed pronunciation יַהְוֶה i.e. Yahweh, Tetragrammaton - Scholarly sources in which יַהְוֶה is found, Tetragrammaton - Jewish use of the word, Tetragrammaton - Possible effect on the Hebrew Language, Tetragrammaton - Alternative names, Tetragrammaton - Possible origins, Tetragrammaton - Popular culture, Tetragrammaton - Footnotes Read more here: » Tetragrammaton: Encyclopedia II - Tetragrammaton - Possible origins |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Names of God in Judaism - Laws of writing divine names According to Jewish tradition, the sacredness of the divine names must be recognized by the professional scribe who writes the Scriptures, or the chapters for the tefillin and the mezuzah. Before transcribing any of the divine names he prepares mentally to sanctify them. Once he begins a name he does not stop until it is finished, and he must not be interrupted while writing it, even to greet a king. If an error is made in writing it, it may not be erased, but a line must be drawn round it to show that it is canceled, and the whole page mus ...
See also:Names of God in Judaism, Names of God in Judaism - Names of God, Names of God in Judaism - The Tetragrammaton, Names of God in Judaism - Other names of God, Names of God in Judaism - Miracles of the divine names, Names of God in Judaism - Kabbalistic use, Names of God in Judaism - Laws of writing divine names, Names of God in Judaism - The tradition of seven divine names, Names of God in Judaism - Bibliography Read more here: » Names of God in Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Names of God in Judaism - Laws of writing divine names |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The canonization of Scripture In Judaism it is commonly thought that the canonical status of some books was discussed between 200 BC and AD 100, though it is unclear at what point during this period the Jewish canon was decided. Protestants cite the Old Testament canon defined by the Council of Jamnia in AD 90 as their basis for not including the Deuterocanonical books, where Roman Catholics assert that Jewish council was convened in reaction to the ri ...
See also:Bible, Bible - The Hebrew Bible, Bible - Torah, Bible - Nevi'im, Bible - Ketuvim, Bible - Translations and editions, Bible - The Christian Bible, Bible - The Old Testament, Bible - The New Testament, Bible - The canonization of Scripture, Bible - Bible versions and translations, Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses Read more here: » Bible: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The canonization of Scripture |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Documentary hypothesis - The hypothesis
Documentary hypothesis - Background to the hypothesis.
The main areas considered by these critics when supporting the Documentary Hypothesis are:
The variations in the divine names in Genesis;
The secondary variations in diction and style;
The parallel or duplicate accounts (doublets);
The continuity of the various sources;
The political assumptions implicit ...
See also:Documentary hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - The hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Background to the hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - The modern hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Secondary hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - History of the hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Traditional Jewish and Christian beliefs, Documentary hypothesis - Rabbinical biblical criticism, Documentary hypothesis - The Enlightenment, Documentary hypothesis - 19th-Century Theories, Documentary hypothesis - Julius Wellhausen, Documentary hypothesis - Richard Elliot Friedman, Documentary hypothesis - The modern era, Documentary hypothesis - Opponents of the hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Debates between non-fundamentalist academics supporting the Documentary Hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Highlighted source text at Wikisource Read more here: » Documentary hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Documentary hypothesis - The hypothesis |
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| | | | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Writing system Modern Hebrew is written from right to left using the Hebrew alphabet. Modern scripts are based on the "square" letter form. A similar system is used in handwriting, but the letters tend to be more circular in their character, and sometimes vary markedly from their printed equivalents. Biblical Hebrew text contains nothing but consonants and spaces, and most modern Hebrew texts contain only consonants, spaces and western-style punctuation. A pointing system (nikud, from the root word meaning "points" or "dots") developed around the 5th Centu ...
See also:Hebrew language, Hebrew language - History, Hebrew language - Early history, Hebrew language - Later history, Hebrew language - Revival, Hebrew language - Modern Hebrew, Hebrew language - Hebrew language in the USSR, Hebrew language - Dialects, Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew, Hebrew language - Sounds, Hebrew language - Vowels, Hebrew language - Consonants, Hebrew language - Historical sound changes, Hebrew language - Grammar, Hebrew language - Writing system, Hebrew language - Romanization, Hebrew language - Notes Read more here: » Hebrew language: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Writing system |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Grammar See main article Hebrew grammar
Hebrew grammar is mostly analytical, expressing such forms as dative, ablative, and accusative using prepositional particles rather than grammatical cases. However inflection does play an important role in the formation of the verbs, nouns and the genitive construct, which is called "smikhut". Words in smikhut are often combined with hyphens.
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See also:Hebrew language, Hebrew language - History, Hebrew language - Early history, Hebrew language - Later history, Hebrew language - Revival, Hebrew language - Modern Hebrew, Hebrew language - Hebrew language in the USSR, Hebrew language - Dialects, Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew, Hebrew language - Sounds, Hebrew language - Vowels, Hebrew language - Consonants, Hebrew language - Historical sound changes, Hebrew language - Grammar, Hebrew language - Writing system, Hebrew language - Romanization, Hebrew language - Notes Read more here: » Hebrew language: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Grammar |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Dialects According to Ethnologue, dialects of Hebrew include Standard Hebrew (General Israeli, Europeanized Hebrew), Oriental Hebrew (Arabized Hebrew, Yemenite Hebrew).
In practice, there is also Ashkenazi Hebrew, still widely used in Ashkenazi Jewish religious services and studies in Israel and abroad. It was influenced by the Yiddish language.
Sephardi Hebrew language is the basis of Standard Hebrew and not all that different from it, although traditionally it has had a greater range of phoneme ...
See also:Hebrew language, Hebrew language - History, Hebrew language - Early history, Hebrew language - Later history, Hebrew language - Revival, Hebrew language - Modern Hebrew, Hebrew language - Hebrew language in the USSR, Hebrew language - Dialects, Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew, Hebrew language - Sounds, Hebrew language - Vowels, Hebrew language - Consonants, Hebrew language - Historical sound changes, Hebrew language - Grammar, Hebrew language - Writing system, Hebrew language - Romanization, Hebrew language - Notes Read more here: » Hebrew language: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Dialects |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew See main article Jewish languages
Yiddish, Ladino, Karaim, and Judaeo-Arabic were all highly influenced by Hebrew. Although none are completely derived from Hebrew, they all make extensive use of Hebrew loanwords.
In a less direct manner, the revival of Hebrew is often cited by proponents of International auxiliary languages as the best proof that languages long dead, with small communities, or modified or created ...
See also:Hebrew language, Hebrew language - History, Hebrew language - Early history, Hebrew language - Later history, Hebrew language - Revival, Hebrew language - Modern Hebrew, Hebrew language - Hebrew language in the USSR, Hebrew language - Dialects, Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew, Hebrew language - Sounds, Hebrew language - Vowels, Hebrew language - Consonants, Hebrew language - Historical sound changes, Hebrew language - Grammar, Hebrew language - Writing system, Hebrew language - Romanization, Hebrew language - Notes Read more here: » Hebrew language: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Sounds Hebrew has two kinds of stress: on the last syllable (milra‘) and on the penultimate syllable (the one preceding the last, mil‘el). The former is more frequent. Specific rules connect the location of the stress with the length of the vowels in the last syllable; however due to the fact that Modern Hebrew does not distinguish between long and short vowels, these rules are often ignored in everyday speech. Interestingly enough, the rules that specify the vowel length are different for verbs and nouns, which influences the str ...
See also:Hebrew language, Hebrew language - History, Hebrew language - Early history, Hebrew language - Later history, Hebrew language - Revival, Hebrew language - Modern Hebrew, Hebrew language - Hebrew language in the USSR, Hebrew language - Dialects, Hebrew language - Languages strongly influenced by Hebrew, Hebrew language - Sounds, Hebrew language - Vowels, Hebrew language - Consonants, Hebrew language - Historical sound changes, Hebrew language - Grammar, Hebrew language - Writing system, Hebrew language - Romanization, Hebrew language - Notes Read more here: » Hebrew language: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew language - Sounds |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Tanakh - Terminology The threefold division reflected in the acronym Tanakh is well attested to in documents from the Second Temple period and in Rabbinic literature. During that period, however, the acronym Tanakh was not used; rather, the proper term was Mikra ("Reading"). The term Mikra continues to be used to this day alongside Tanakh to refer to the Hebrew scriptures. (In modern spoken Hebrew, Mikra has a m ...
See also:Tanakh, Tanakh - Terminology, Tanakh - The canon, Tanakh - Books of the Tanakh, Tanakh - Chapters and verse numbers book divisions, Tanakh - Oral Torah, Tanakh - Available texts Read more here: » Tanakh: Encyclopedia II - Tanakh - Terminology |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Tanakh - The canon According to the Jewish tradition, the Tanakh consists of twenty-four books (enumerated below). The Torah has five books, Nevi'im contains eight books, and Ketuvim has eleven.
These twenty-four books are the same books found in the Protestant Old Testament, but the order of the books is different. The enumeration differs as well: Christians count these books as thirty-nine, not twenty-four. This is because Jews often count as a single book what Christians count as several.
As such, one may draw a technical distinction between t ...
See also:Tanakh, Tanakh - Terminology, Tanakh - The canon, Tanakh - Books of the Tanakh, Tanakh - Chapters and verse numbers book divisions, Tanakh - Oral Torah, Tanakh - Available texts Read more here: » Tanakh: Encyclopedia II - Tanakh - The canon |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Bible - Bible versions and translations In scholarly writing, ancient translations are frequently referred to as "versions", with the term "translation" being reserved for medieval or modern translations. Information about Bible versions is given below, while Bible translations can be found on a separate page.
The original texts of the Tanakh were in Hebrew, although some portions were in Aramaic. In addition to the authoritative Masoretic Text, Jews still refer to the Septuagint, the translation of much of the Bible into Greek, ...
See also:Bible, Bible - The Hebrew Bible, Bible - Torah, Bible - Nevi'im, Bible - Ketuvim, Bible - Translations and editions, Bible - The Christian Bible, Bible - The Old Testament, Bible - The New Testament, Bible - The canonization of Scripture, Bible - Bible versions and translations, Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses Read more here: » Bible: Encyclopedia II - Bible - Bible versions and translations |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The Christian Bible History of Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth
The Apostles
Ecumenical councils
Great Schism
The Crusades
Reformation
The Trinity
God the Father
Christ the Son
The Holy Spirit
The Bible
Old Testament
New Testament
Apocrypha
The Gospels
Ten Commandments
Sermon on the Mount
Christian theology
Salvation · Grace
Christian worship
Christian Church
Catholicism
Orthodox Christianity
Protestantism
Christian denominations
Christ ...
See also:Bible, Bible - The Hebrew Bible, Bible - Torah, Bible - Nevi'im, Bible - Ketuvim, Bible - Translations and editions, Bible - The Christian Bible, Bible - The Old Testament, Bible - The New Testament, Bible - The canonization of Scripture, Bible - Bible versions and translations, Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses Read more here: » Bible: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The Christian Bible |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Tetragrammaton - Alternative names In an analogue to the euphemism HaShem for God, the euphemism HaShem HaMeforash (literally, the explicit name) is sometimes used to refer to the Tetragrammaton.
Another name, four-letter word, has lost its popularity for obvious reasons. Some people refer to the Tetragrammaton as Hebrew word #3068 [3] after the numbering in James Strong's concordance. See also The name of God in Judaism.
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See also:Tetragrammaton, Tetragrammaton - Meaning, Tetragrammaton - Using consonants as semi-vowels, Tetragrammaton - Using the vowels of YHWH, Tetragrammaton - Vowel marks, Tetragrammaton - The Scholarly Reconstructed pronunciation יַהְוֶה i.e. Yahweh, Tetragrammaton - Scholarly sources in which יַהְוֶה is found, Tetragrammaton - Jewish use of the word, Tetragrammaton - Possible effect on the Hebrew Language, Tetragrammaton - Alternative names, Tetragrammaton - Possible origins, Tetragrammaton - Popular culture, Tetragrammaton - Footnotes Read more here: » Tetragrammaton: Encyclopedia II - Tetragrammaton - Alternative names |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses ; see Tanakh for the Jewish textual tradition.
The Hebrew Masoretic text contains verse endings as an important feature. According to the Talmudic tradition, the verse endings are of ancient origin. The Masoretic textual tradition also contains section endings called parashiyot, which are indicated by a space within a line (a "closed" section") or a new line beginning (an "open" section). The division of the text reflected in the parashiyot ...
See also:Bible, Bible - The Hebrew Bible, Bible - Torah, Bible - Nevi'im, Bible - Ketuvim, Bible - Translations and editions, Bible - The Christian Bible, Bible - The Old Testament, Bible - The New Testament, Bible - The canonization of Scripture, Bible - Bible versions and translations, Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses Read more here: » Bible: Encyclopedia II - Bible - The Introduction of chapters and verses |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Tanakh - Chapters and verse numbers book divisions The chapter divisions and verse numbers have no significance in the Jewish tradition. Nevertheless, they are noted in all modern editions of the Tanakh so that verses may be located and cited. The division of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles into parts I and II is also indicated on each page of those books in order to prevent confusion about whether a chapter number is from part I or II, since the chapter numbering for the ...
See also:Tanakh, Tanakh - Terminology, Tanakh - The canon, Tanakh - Books of the Tanakh, Tanakh - Chapters and verse numbers book divisions, Tanakh - Oral Torah, Tanakh - Available texts Read more here: » Tanakh: Encyclopedia II - Tanakh - Chapters and verse numbers book divisions |
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| | | | | Masoretes: Encyclopedia II - Documentary hypothesis - Opponents of the hypothesis Fundamentalist Jews and Christians reject the documentary hypothesis entirely and accept the traditional view that the whole Torah is essentially the work of Moses. Over the last century, an entire literature has developed within conservative scholarship and religious communities dedicated to the refutation of higher biblical criticism in general and the documentary hypothesis in particular.
For most Orthodox Jews and many conservative Christians, the divine origins of the five books of Moses in its entirety is accepted as a given. To ...
See also:Documentary hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - The hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Background to the hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - The modern hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Secondary hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - History of the hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Traditional Jewish and Christian beliefs, Documentary hypothesis - Rabbinical biblical criticism, Documentary hypothesis - The Enlightenment, Documentary hypothesis - 19th-Century Theories, Documentary hypothesis - Julius Wellhausen, Documentary hypothesis - Richard Elliot Friedman, Documentary hypothesis - The modern era, Documentary hypothesis - Opponents of the hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Debates between non-fundamentalist academics supporting the Documentary Hypothesis, Documentary hypothesis - Highlighted source text at Wikisource Read more here: » Documentary hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Documentary hypothesis - Opponents of the hypothesis |
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