Masculinity is the trait of being associated with the male in various contexts. The word masculine can refer to: the property of being biologically male, more precisely often expressed in biology as "sex" a traditional gender role associated with sexually male humans grammatical gender, an inflection of nouns, largely derived from gender role association Masculinity is sometimes used as a synonym for manhood. The counterpart or positive antonym of masculinit ...

Including:

Masculinity - Sociology Masculinity - Development of masculinity Masculinity - Men's health risks
Masculinity - Stoicism and emotional repression Masculinity - Risk-taking Masculinity - Independence and invulnerability Masculinity - References Masculinity - External links

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Masculinity, Masculinity - Sociology, Masculinity - Development of masculinity, Masculinity - Men's health risks, Masculinity - Stoicism and emotional repression, Masculinity - Risk-taking, Masculinity - Independence and invulnerability, Masculinity - References, Masculinity - External links

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Many assert that social pressures to be masculine frequently have a negative affect on men's health, as represented by higher accident rates, death in war, participation in violence and less attention to medical care. Mortality rates for all of the 15 leading causes of death for the total population are higher for males than females in America. Men die almost seven years earlier than women. Men are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses, to suffer a traumatic brain injury, and to die from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AID ...

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Masculinity, Masculinity - Sociology, Masculinity - Development of masculinity, Masculinity - Men's health risks, Masculinity - Stoicism and emotional repression, Masculinity - Risk-taking, Masculinity - Independence and invulnerability, Masculinity - References, Masculinity - External links

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Independent may refer to: Independent (mathematics) independent variable (cf. dependent variable) Independent (nation), a fully autonomous self-governing country, nation or state, generally exercising sovereignty. Independent (politician) Independent (voter) Independent (religion) Independent station, unaffiliated television stations. Independent Television (ITV), the original network of British commercial television broadcasters, set up to provide ...

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Independent - Newspapers

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The term War of Independence is generally used to describe a war occurring over a territory that has declared independence. Once the state that previously held the territory sends in military forces to assert its sovereignty or the native population clashes with the former occupier, a separatist rebellion has begun. If a new state is successfully established, the conflict is subsequently known as a war of independence. Examples include: Algerian War of Independence American War of Independence Ang

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In the fictional Star Wars universe, the Confederacy of Independent Systems (CIS for short) is an organization that existed in the latter years of the Republic. The organization was made up of organizations and star systems that wanted to leave the Republic, numbering "thousands" and with at least "ten thousand ready to join". Several corporations including the Trade Federation, Techno Union, Commerce Guild, Corporate Alliance, and InterGalactic Banking Clan also joined. The organization's main goal was to split from the Republic and form their own government, stating that the Republic had become too ...

Including:

Confederacy of Independent Systems - History of the Confederacy
Confederacy of Independent Systems - Trade Espionage Geonosian Revolution and Techno Union Treason Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Blockade Crisis Confederacy of Independent Systems - Count Dooku's Rhetoric Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Separatist Crisis Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Clone Wars Confederacy of Independent Systems - The End of the War Confederacy of Independent Systems - The End of the Confederacy Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Aftermath
Confederacy of Independent Systems - Threat of a new Droid Army Confederacy of Independent Systems - Key Members of the Confederacy
Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Separatist Council Confederacy of Independent Systems - Other Separatist Members and Allies Confederacy of Independent Systems - Separatist Army Confederacy of Independent Systems - Planets Moons and Facilities Claimed by the Confederacy
Confederacy of Independent Systems - Heads of State and Government Confederacy of Independent Systems - Quotes

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In abstract algebra, a subset S of a field L is algebraically independent over a subfield K if the elements of S do not satisfy any non-trivial polynomial equation with coefficients in K. This means that for every finite sequence α1, ..., αn of elements of S, no two the same, and every non-zero polynomial P(x1, ..., xn) with coefficients in K, we have ...

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The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a grea ...

Including:

Wars of Scottish Independence - The First War of Independence: 1296-1328
Wars of Scottish Independence - Background to the war: 1286-92 Wars of Scottish Independence - Beginning of the war: 1296–1306 Wars of Scottish Independence - King Robert the Bruce: 1306–1314 Wars of Scottish Independence - From Bannockburn to Edinburgh-Northampton: 1314–1328
Wars of Scottish Independence - The Second War of Independence: 1332–1357

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Gospel of Grace Church or Grace Evangelical church was founded at Shandong by Sheng-Mo Du (度胜魔) in 1881. In 1906, Zong-Zhou Yu (俞宗周) established this church in Shanghai. These were some of the early indigenous churches established by local Chinese Christians. Chinese Independent Churches - 2. The True Jesus Church 真耶穌教會. Founded by Paul Wei, Ling-Sheng Zhang , Peter Wang and others in Beijing in 1917, the General Coordination Board was established in Nanjing which was later moved to S ...

Including:

Chinese Independent Churches - 1. Gospel of Grace Church 福音堂 Chinese Independent Churches - 2. The True Jesus Church 真耶穌教會 Chinese Independent Churches - 3. The Church Assembly Hall 聚會所 Chinese Independent Churches - 4. The Chinese Christian Church 中華基督教會 Chinese Independent Churches - 5. The Jesus Family 耶穌家庭 Chinese Independent Churches - 6. The Chinese Church in Christ 基督徒會堂 Chinese Independent Churches - Summary

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Central Independent Television, commonly referred to as Central, is the Independent Television company that succeeded ATV on 1 January 1982. Apart from a new name and logo, the company was essentially a continuation of ATV, having originally applied for the franchise as ATV Midlands Limited. The new name was adopted as one of a set of conditions imposed upon ATV by IBA regulators who believed that the company needed to more fully reflect the area it served. Another condition was that ATV move its headquarters to Birmingham from ...

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The Declaration of Independence is the document that founded the United States of America. In it, the United States Congress: declares the minimum rights that an equitable government must recognize, shows multiple instances of how the British Crown has failed to recognize these rights in regard to the Thirteen Colonies, and concludes that the Colonies are therefore "free and independent states." The document was unanimously ratified by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This anniversary is celebrated as Independence Day in the United States. The original sign ...

Including:

Declaration of Independence United States - History
Declaration of Independence United States - Background Declaration of Independence United States - Draft and Adoption Declaration of Independence United States - Distribution Declaration of Independence United States - Signatories
Declaration of Independence United States - Annotated text of the Declaration
Declaration of Independence United States - Introduction Declaration of Independence United States - Preamble Declaration of Independence United States - Indictment Declaration of Independence United States - Denunciation Declaration of Independence United States - Conclusion
Declaration of Independence United States - Differences between draft and final versions Declaration of Independence United States - Analysis
Declaration of Independence United States - Historical Influences Declaration of Independence United States - Philosophical background Declaration of Independence United States - Practical effects Declaration of Independence United States - Influence on other documents
Declaration of Independence United States - Popular culture Declaration of Independence United States - Myths

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The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (in Russian: Содружество Независимых Государств (СНГ) - Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) is a confederation, or alliance, consisting of 11 former Soviet Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Turkmenistan discontinued p ...

Including:

Commonwealth of Independent States - History
Commonwealth of Independent States - Foundation Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS crisis
Commonwealth of Independent States - Role and organization
Commonwealth of Independent States - Institutions Commonwealth of Independent States - Election Observation Missions
Commonwealth of Independent States - Moves for further integration
Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS Collective Security Treaty Commonwealth of Independent States - Russian Language Commonwealth of Independent States - Common Economic Space

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The Association of Independent Music (commonly known as AIM) is a non-profit trade body established in 1998 by UK independent record labels to represent the independent record sector, which constitutes approximately 25% of the UK market. AIM currently has over 800 record label and distributor members. Most recently AIM have featured in the press over their contract negotiations with Apple for rights to distribute their labels' content on the iTunes service. AIM label tracks were not available on iTunes UK at launch, but ...

Including:

Association of Independent Music - Significant labels under AIM Association of Independent Music - Significant artists under AIM labels Association of Independent Music - Music download store partners Association of Independent Music - External link

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The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists, or the "colons" as they were called, in Algeria and the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) and other pro-independence Algerians. The struggle was touched off by the FLN in 1954, only two years before France gave up its control over Tunisia and Morocco. The FLN's main Algerian rival — with the same goal of Algerian independence — ...

Including:

Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities Algerian War of Independence - FLN Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus
Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs Algerian War of Independence - Harkis
Algerian War of Independence - War dead Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics Algerian War of Independence - Reference

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Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP), is a term that encompasses technologies which allow a submarine to operate without the need to surface or use a snorkel to access atmospheric oxygen. The term usually excludes the use of nuclear power, and describes augmenting or replacing the diesel-electric propulsion system of non-nuclear vessels. AIP is usually implemented as an auxiliary source. Most such systems generate electricity which in turn drives an electric motor for propulsion or recharging the boat's batteries. The submarine's e ...

Including:

Air-independent propulsion - Internal oxygen supply
Air-independent propulsion - History Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle diesel engines Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle steam turbines Air-independent propulsion - Stirling cycle engines
Air-independent propulsion - Fuel cells Air-independent propulsion - Nuclear power Air-independent propulsion - Production Non-Nuclear AIP Submarines

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Many psychologists agree that the father is very important to the male child's development of identity. In his book Absent Fathers, Lost Sons [1], Canadian Jungian analyst Guy Corneau writes that the presence of the father's body during the son's developmental phases is integral in the son developing a positive sense of self as a male. Corneau also argues that if the son does not develop positively towards the father's male body, then the son ru ...

See also:

Masculine Psychology, Masculine Psychology - Males are not born of their own identity, Masculine Psychology - The role of the father, Masculine Psychology - The works of Eugene Monick, Masculine Psychology - Related articles, Masculine Psychology - External links

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Eugene Monick PhD. is a Jungian Analyst practicing in Scranton, Pennsylvannia, and New York City. He is a graduate of the Virginia (Episcopal) Theological Seminary. He received his doctorate from the Union Graduate School, and his Diploma in Analytical Psychology from the C.G. Jung Institute in Zurich. Mr. Monick has published two books on masculine psychology. Phallos: Sacred Image of the Masculine [2] was published in 1987. In this book, Mr. Monick correlates male sexuality and spirituality, saying that "phallos" (the erect p ...

See also:

Masculine Psychology, Masculine Psychology - Males are not born of their own identity, Masculine Psychology - The role of the father, Masculine Psychology - The works of Eugene Monick, Masculine Psychology - Related articles, Masculine Psychology - External links

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Some psychologists and anthropologists argue that the masculine identity is more fragile than the feminine identity because males are not born of their own identity. Females are born from the female body. Thus females are born of their own identity. Males are born of the female body, and thus are born of an identity foreign to their own. Some argue that early on this establishes a struggle and challange for the male identity. Some scholars have noted that women are born, but men are "made." In other words, males often feel that their ...

See also:

Masculine Psychology, Masculine Psychology - Males are not born of their own identity, Masculine Psychology - The role of the father, Masculine Psychology - The works of Eugene Monick, Masculine Psychology - Related articles, Masculine Psychology - External links

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Given a graph G, an independent set is a subset of its vertices that are pairwise not adjacent. In other words, the subgraph induced by these vertices has no edges, only isolated vertices. Then, the independent set problem asks if, given a graph G and an integer k, does G have an independent set of size at least k? The corresponding optimization problem is the maximum independent set problem, which attempts to find the largest independent set in a graph. Given a solution to the decision ...

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Independent set problem, Independent set problem - Description, Independent set problem - Algorithms, Independent set problem - Proof of NP-completeness

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Orchiopexy and hypospadias repair are the most common types of genital corrective surgery performed in infant boys, but most of these boys have no other abnormalities and are not considered to have an intersex condition. Undervirilized boys typically have at least one of these two procedures performed in addition to others described below. Types of undervirization and malformation for which some type of masculinizing surgery has been performed most often in the last 50 years are: the configuration of ambiguous genitalia r ...

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Intersex surgery, Intersex surgery - Purposes of genital reconstructive surgery, Intersex surgery - Types of surgery, Intersex surgery - Masculinizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Feminizing surgical procedures, Intersex surgery - Controversies and unsettled questions

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