 |
|
|
Marly | A Wisdom Archive on Marly | | Marly A selection of articles related to Marly | |
| | Marly | | | Page 1 » Page 2 « Page 3 More » | |
| |
| ARTICLES RELATED TO Marly | | | | |  Marly: Encyclopedia II - President of the French Republic - Presidents of FranceThe list below follows on from List of French monarchs.
Second Republic
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1848-1852 (proclaimed himself Emperor in 1852, ruled until 1870 when republican rule was restored.)
Interim President
Louis Jules Trochu, 1870-1871
Third Republic
Adolphe Thiers, 1871-1873 (Thiers became president before the adoption of the Constitution of 1875 so his constitutional position was different from that ...
See also:President of the French Republic, President of the French Republic - Presidential powers, President of the French Republic - Election, President of the French Republic - Current constitutional powers, President of the French Republic - Succession, President of the French Republic - Other information, President of the French Republic - History, President of the French Republic - Presidents of France, President of the French Republic - External link Read more here: » President of the French Republic: Encyclopedia II - President of the French Republic - Presidents of France |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - President of the French Republic - Succession Belgium
Denmark
Ethiopia
Japan
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
France
United States
Upon the death or resignation of the President, the President of the Senate becomes interim president. Alain Poher is the only person to have served this temporary position. In the case of the demise of the President of the Senate, the ...
See also:President of the French Republic, President of the French Republic - Presidential powers, President of the French Republic - Election, President of the French Republic - Current constitutional powers, President of the French Republic - Succession, President of the French Republic - Other information, President of the French Republic - History, President of the French Republic - Presidents of France, President of the French Republic - External link Read more here: » President of the French Republic: Encyclopedia II - President of the French Republic - Succession |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - War Uses After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the palace was the main headquarters of the German army from October 5, 1870 until March 13, 1871, and the German Empire was proclaimed here on January 18.
The ravages of war and neglect over the centuries left their mark on the palace and its huge gardens. Modern French governments of the post World War II era have sought to repair these damages. They have on the whole been successful, but some of the more costly items, like the vast array of fountains, have yet to be put back compl ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - War Uses |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - President of the French Republic - Current constitutional powers The constitutional attributions of the president are defined in Title II of the Constitution of France.
Article 5 The President of the Republic shall see that the Constitution is observed. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, the proper functioning of the public authorities and the continuity of the State. He shall be the guarantor of national independence, territorial integrity and observance of treaties.
Article 8 The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister. He shall terminate the appointment ...
See also:President of the French Republic, President of the French Republic - Presidential powers, President of the French Republic - Election, President of the French Republic - Current constitutional powers, President of the French Republic - Succession, President of the French Republic - Other information, President of the French Republic - History, President of the French Republic - Presidents of France, President of the French Republic - External link Read more here: » President of the French Republic: Encyclopedia II - President of the French Republic - Current constitutional powers |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - War Uses After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the castle was the main headquarters of the German army from October 5, 1870 until March 13, 1871, and the German Empire was proclaimed here on January 18.
The ravages of war and neglect over the centuries left their mark on the palace and its huge gardens. Modern French governments of the post World War II era have sought to repair these damages. They have on the whole been successful, but some of the more costly items, like the vast array of fountains, have yet to be put back compl ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - War Uses |
| |
| | | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - History Peter the Great first mentions the site in his journal in 1705, during the Great Northern War, as a good place to construct a landing for the use of ships traveling to and from the island fortress of Kronstadt. In time, though, the monarch changed his mind, and decided to build a sprawling residence here, on the model of Versailles. Construction was completed in 1725. (Peter had also entertained plans of a similar palace at Strelna, a short way to ...
See also:Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - History |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child Louis XV was born at Versailles on February 15, 1710, while his great-grandfather Louis XIV was still on the throne. He was the son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and of Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy. Marie-Adélaïde was a very lively woman of whom the old king Louis XIV was very fond, and the young couple, deeply in love with each other (quite an unusual fact at the court in Versailles), had rejuvenated the court of the old king and become the centre of attraction in Versailles. Louis XV had a brother, Louis, Duke of Brittany, who was older by thr ...
See also:Louis XV of France, Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child, Louis XV of France - The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity, Louis XV of France - First try at reform, Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt, Louis XV of France - Regime crisis, Louis XV of France - Marriage and Children, Louis XV of France - Notes Read more here: » Louis XV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon The king took no part in the decisions of the government under the Duke of Bourbon. The government was secretly under the influence of a group of speculators and wheeler-dealers such as É. Berthelot de Pléneuf and banker J. Pâris-Duverney.
The Duke of Bourbon was worried by the health of the young king, not so much out of concern for the king or the future of the dynasty, but in fact out of a desire to prevent the House of Orléans (of the late regent) from ascending the throne should the king die. The Duke of Bourbon saw the House ...
See also:Louis XV of France, Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child, Louis XV of France - The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity, Louis XV of France - First try at reform, Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt, Louis XV of France - Regime crisis, Louis XV of France - Marriage and Children, Louis XV of France - Notes Read more here: » Louis XV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury From 1726 until his death in 1743, Cardinal de Fleury ruled France with the king's assent. It was the most peaceful and prosperous part of the reign of Louis XV, despite some Parliamentarian and Jansenist unrest. After the financial and human losses suffered at the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the rule of Fleury, generating peace and order, is seen by historians as a period of "recovery" (French historians talk of a gouvernement "réparateur"). It is hard to determine exactly which part the king took in the decisions of the Fleury g ...
See also:Louis XV of France, Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child, Louis XV of France - The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity, Louis XV of France - First try at reform, Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt, Louis XV of France - Regime crisis, Louis XV of France - Marriage and Children, Louis XV of France - Notes Read more here: » Louis XV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity At the death of his old tutor Fleury in 1743, the king was 33 years old. He had experienced a few years of happiness with his devoted Polish queen, who worshipped him as she worshipped God. A child was born almost every year. However, the queen eventually tired of continual pregnancies, while the king tired of the queen's unconditional love. Moreover, most of the queen's pregnancies ended up with girls, which the king eventually resented. Out of ten children born of the queen, there were only two sons, only one of whom survived, the dauph ...
See also:Louis XV of France, Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child, Louis XV of France - The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity, Louis XV of France - First try at reform, Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt, Louis XV of France - Regime crisis, Louis XV of France - Marriage and Children, Louis XV of France - Notes Read more here: » Louis XV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum At the Revolution the paintings and sculpture, like the crown jewels, were consigned to the new Musée du Louvre as part of the cultural patrimony of France. Other contents went to serve a new and moral public role: books and medals went to the Bibliothèque Nationale, clocks and scientific instruments (Louis XVI was a connoisseur of science) to the École des Arts et Métiers. Versailles was still the most richly-appointed royal palace of Europe, however, until a long series of auction sales on the premises unrolled for months during the Re ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - History, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - War Uses After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the castle was the main headquarters of the German army from October 5, 1870 until March 13, 1871, and the German Empire was proclaimed here on January 18.
The ravages of war and neglect over the centuries left their mark on the palace and its huge gardens. Modern French governments of the post World War II era have sought to repair these damages. They have on the whole been successful, but some of the more costly items, like the vast array of fountains, have yet to be put back compl ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - History, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - War Uses |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - The politics of display The magnificence of Versailles is so blatant that modern tourists are moved to inquire, "How much did it cost?"--a question they are never inspired to ask at Chartres. At Ulm, the townspeople built a cathedral so vast the entire population could stand inside it. The question asked at Versailles is not a genuine historical question, for its subtext, often spoken, is "Was it worth it?"
The anachronistic assumption underlying this curiosity about the "cost" of Versailles is the perception that it is a greatly expanded house on a r ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - History, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - The politics of display |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - Cost While Versailles was grand and luxurious, it was also expensive to maintain. It has been estimated that maintaining Versailles, including the care and feeding of its staff and the royal family, consumed as much as 25% of the government income of France. However, this figure is disputed by historians who consider that it has been exaggerated by those who wish to overemphasise the role of royal extravagance in the causation of the French Revolution. Recent estimates would sugges ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - History, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - Cost |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - Features
Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors.
The Hall of Mirrors (French: Galerie des Glaces) is a large room in the palace. It is generally considered one of the major attractions of the palace and is currently undergoing restoration.
The galerie was started in 1678, at the time the château began to be the official residence of Louis XIV. It was completed in 1684. Many ...
See also:Palace of Versailles, Palace of Versailles - History, Palace of Versailles - The politics of display, Palace of Versailles - Cost, Palace of Versailles - Benefits, Palace of Versailles - Features, Palace of Versailles - The Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles - War Uses, Palace of Versailles - Post-royal: the monument-museum, Palace of Versailles - The Would-Be Versailles Read more here: » Palace of Versailles: Encyclopedia II - Palace of Versailles - Features |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - First try at reform All these love affairs did not take the king away from the duties of his office, but he lacked the inexhaustible energy of his great-grandfather Louis XIV. He had gotten used to taking decisions based on Cardinal de Fleury's advice, and to relying on Fleury for the execution of government policies. During the 17 long years of Fleury's government, the king had formed his judgment but had not forged his will.
Starting in 1743 with the death of Fleury, the king ruled alone without a prime minister. He had read time and again the instruct ...
See also:Louis XV of France, Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child, Louis XV of France - The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity, Louis XV of France - First try at reform, Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt, Louis XV of France - Regime crisis, Louis XV of France - Marriage and Children, Louis XV of France - Notes Read more here: » Louis XV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - First try at reform |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt At home, discontent grew, fueled by the perceived political incompetence of the king and the spending spree of the court. As previously highlighted, modern historians have shown that the king was in fact not incompetent, albeit not resolute enough. The spending of the court was also not particularly high under Louis XV, at any rate not any higher than under previous French kings, and certainly much lower than in some other European courts, such as in Russia where Peter the Great and Empress Elizabeth spent enormous amounts of money to build ...
See also:Louis XV of France, Louis XV of France - The Miracle Child, Louis XV of France - The Regency of the Duke of Orléans, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of the Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV of France - The Ministry of Cardinal de Fleury, Louis XV of France - First signs of unpopularity, Louis XV of France - First try at reform, Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt, Louis XV of France - Regime crisis, Louis XV of France - Marriage and Children, Louis XV of France - Notes Read more here: » Louis XV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XV of France - Assassination attempt |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - The Grand Palace The largest of Peterhof's palaces looks truly imposing when seen from the Lower or Upper Gardens, but in fact it is quite narrow and not overly large. Of its approximately thirty rooms, several deserve mention.
The Chesma Hall is decorated with twelve large paintings of the Battle of Chesma, a stunning naval victory of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. These were painted between 1771 and 1773 by the German artist J. Haakert. His first renderings of the great battle scenes were criticized by witnesses as not showing realistically the e ...
See also:Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - The Grand Palace |
| |
| | | | | Marly: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - Other features The Grand Palace is not the only historic royal building in Peterhof. The palaces of Monplaisir and Marly, as well as the pavilion known as the 'Hermitage', were all raised during the initial construction of Peterhof during the reign of Peter the Great. The Lower Gardens also contain a large greenhouse, and in the Alexandrine Park stands the palace of Nicholas I.
Like the Lower Gardens, the Upper contain many fountains, distributed among seven broad pools. The landscaping, though, is entirely different; the Lower Gardens are strictly geometric. While a few of the fountains have curious sculpture, the waterworks ...
See also:Peterhof, Peterhof - Layout, Peterhof - The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain, Peterhof - The Lower Gardens, Peterhof - The Grand Palace, Peterhof - Other features, Peterhof - History, Peterhof - Tourist information Read more here: » Peterhof: Encyclopedia II - Peterhof - Other features |
| |
| | | Page 1 » Page 2 « Page 3 More » | |
| |
|
|
