Marcionism - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Marcionism: Encyclopedia - Marcionism
Marcionism is the dualist belief system that originates in the teachings of Marcion of Sinope at Rome around the year 144 CE (115 years a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcion Of Sinope: Encyclopedia - Marcion Of Sinope
Marcion of Sinope (ca. 110-160), was a major 2nd century Christian theologian, founder of what would later be called Marcionism, and one ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcionism - History
The ecclesiastical organization known as Marcionism began with the excommunication of Marcion from the Church of Rome around 144. Marcion...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcionism - Teachings
An ordained bishop of Sinope, Asia Minor, he declared that Christianity was distinct from and in opposition to Judaism. This was nothing ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 144: Encyclopedia - 144
144 - Events. Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Polycarpus II to Patriarch Athendodorus Change of era name from Han...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antinomianism: Encyclopedia - Antinomianism
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apelles Gnostic: Encyclopedia - Apelles Gnostic
Little is known about Apelles (mid-2nd century). He was a disciple of Marcion, probably at Rome, but left (or was expelled from) the Marc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 150: Encyclopedia - 150
150 - Events. First and only year of Heping of the Chinese Han Dynasty The Earliest atlas (Ptolemy's Geography) was made (approximate ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pastoral Epistles: Encyclopedia - Pastoral Epistles
The three Pastoral Epistles are books of the canonical New Testament: the First Epistle to Timothy (1 Timothy) the Second Epistle to Timo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cerdo: Encyclopedia - Cerdo
Cerdo was a Syrian gnostic and a heretic to the Catholic Church in the early times of the Catholic Church. Cerdo started as a follower of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles
The Pauline epistles are those books in the New Testament that are traditionally attributed to Paul of Tarsus. The authorship of the Paul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antithesis: Encyclopedia - Antithesis
Antithesis (Greek for "setting opposite", from anti = against and thesis = position) means a direct contrast or exact opposition to somet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inconsistencies In The Bible: Encyclopedia - Inconsistencies In The Bible
Some religions believe that the Bible was inspired or received in singular events. Many historians who have analysed the Hebrew Bible and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tertullian: Encyclopedia - Tertullian
Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicized as Tertullian, (ca. 155–230) was a church leader and prolific author during the earl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcion Of Sinope: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcion Of Sinope - History
What we know of Marcion comes mostly through his detractors, who are in substantial agreement. The first mention of Marcion was in Justin...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Marcionites, Marcion: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Marcionites, Marcion
Marcionites Followers of Marcion, a reformer of Christianity of the 2nd century who, failing to bend the Church to his views, founded ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antinomianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Antinomianism - Antinomianism Among Christians
In the case of Christianity, the controversy arises out of the doctrine of grace, the forgiveness of sins and atonement by faith in Jesus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Legalism Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Legalism Theology - In Later Christian Theology
In Protestant, Evangelical, Christian theology, especially in popular versions of the same, the charge of legalism is an accusation of ig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antinomianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Antinomianism - Antinomianism In The New Testament
Paul of Tarsus, in his Letters, mentions several times that we are saved by the unearned grace of God, not by our own good works, "lest a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Legalism Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Legalism Theology - In The New Testament
A number of Biblical passages indicate that the tension between legalism and antinomianism goes back to the very beginnings of Christiani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Legalism Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Legalism Theology - As A Label For Adherence To Manmade Rules
In addition to the primary definition of legalism (in which it refers to works for salvation), the term "legalism" is commonly used to re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - History Of The Pauline Canon
There are no preserved lists of a Christian canon from the first century and early second century. If such lists were made, they have not...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pastoral Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Pastoral Epistles - Date
Though Irenaeus made extensive use of the two epistles to Timothy as the prime force of his anti-gnostic campaign, ca 170 CE, there is no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - Ephesians
Authorship of the Pauline epistles - Traditional arguments for Pauline Authorship. It seems that there are few doubts in the early chur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - The Pastoral Epistles
The First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, and the Epistle to Titus -- often referred to as the Pastoral Epistles -- ar...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Marcionites: Spiritual Theosophical Dictionary On Marcionites
Marcionites. An ancient Gnostic Sect founded by Marcion who was a devout Christian as long as no dogma of human creation came to mar t...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Gnostics: Spiritual Theosophical Dictionary On Gnostics
Gnostics (Ancient Greek) The philosophers who formulated and taught the Gnosis or Knowledge (q.v.). They flourished in the first three...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pauline Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Pauline Christianity - Rival Doctrines
In speaking of 4th-century Christianity, especially after the Council of Nicaea (325), it is useful to speak of the continuation of this ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inconsistencies In The Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - Inconsistencies In The Bible - Between The New Testament And The Old
According to many commentators, several of them Christian, God in the Old Testament is often vengeful, taking abrupt and often merciless ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Internal Consistency And The Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - Internal Consistency And The Bible - Between The New Testament And The Old
According to many commentators, several of them Christian, God in the Old Testament is often vengeful, taking abrupt and often merciless ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pastoral Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Pastoral Epistles - Authorship And Date
Pastoral Epistles - Traditional view. The traditional view accepts Paul as the author. William Paley wrote in Horae Paulinae (1785), ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Testament - Naming Of The Old Testament
Tertullian, in the 2nd century, was the first to use the terms novum testamentum/new testament and vetus testamentum/old testament, for e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pastoral Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Pastoral Epistles - The Epistles
Pastoral Epistles - 1 Timothy. The epistle consists mainly of counsels to Timothy regarding the forms of worship and organization of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acts Of The Apostles: Encyclopedia Ii - Acts Of The Apostles - Date
External evidence now points to the existence of Acts at least as early as the opening years of the 2nd century. As evidence for the Thir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews does not explicitly name its own author, although church tradition held it to have been Paul. However, since t...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Demiurge, Demiourgos: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Demiurge, Demiourgos
Demiurge, Demiourgos (Greek) (from demos the people + ergon work)   In Gnosticism, the deity as creator or cosmic artificer was a...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Gnostics: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Gnostics
Gnostics Various schools -- agreeing in fundamentals, differing in details according to their teachers -- which inculcated gnosis (div...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Gnosis: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Gnosis
Gnostics Various schools -- agreeing in fundamentals, differing in details according to their teachers -- which inculcated gnosis (div...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament - The Canonization Of The New Testament
The process of canonization was complex and lengthy. It was characterized by a compilation of books that early Christians found inspiring...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saint Matthias: Encyclopedia Ii - Saint Matthias - 'gospel Of Matthias'
This work is lost, but Clement of Alexandria (Stromateis, III, 4) records a sentence that the Nicolaitans ascribe to Matthias: "we must c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tertullian: Encyclopedia Ii - Tertullian - Writings
Tertullian - General Character. Thirty-one works are extant, together with fragments of more. Some 15 works in Latin or Greek are lost,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dualism: Encyclopedia Ii - Dualism - Usage In Physics
Main Article: Wave-particle duality In physics, dualism refers generally to the duality of waves and particles. ... See also:Dualism, D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demiurge: Encyclopedia Ii - Demiurge - Platonism
Plato refers to the Demiurge frequently in the Socratic dialogue Timaeus as the entity who "fashioned and shaped" the material world. Pla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dualism: Encyclopedia Ii - Dualism - Theological Usage
Dualism - Western or theistic usage. Main Article: Theology In theology, dualism can refer to ditheism: the belief that there are two b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - The Undisputed Epistles
Almost every scholar, ancient and modern, conservative and liberal, attributes the following epistles to Paul: Romans First Corinthians ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - Colossians
Some scholars consider that Colossians was not written by Paul. One group of arguments against Paul's authorship relate to differences in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Testament - Canon Of The Old Testament
Following Jerome's Veritas Hebraica, the Protestant Old Testament consists of the same books as the Tanakh, but the order and numbering o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baptism For The Dead: Encyclopedia Ii - Baptism For The Dead - History
Baptism for the dead was practiced by some Christian groups in the late fourth century and possibly earlier. John A. Tvedtnes, a Hebrew a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament Apocrypha: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament Apocrypha - Sayings Gospels
One or two texts take the form of sets of brief logia—sayings and very short parables—which are not embedded in a connected narrative...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paul Of Tarsus: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Of Tarsus - Theological Teachings
Paul had several major impacts on the nature of Christian doctrine. The first was that of the centrality of faith within the life of Jesu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paul Of Tarsus: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Of Tarsus - Theological Teachings
Paul had several major impacts on the nature of Christian doctrine. The first was that of the centrality of faith within the life of Jesu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament Apocrypha: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament Apocrypha - Passion Gospels
A number of Gospels are concerned specifically with the Passion (i.e. Jesus' death, and Resurrection): The Gospel of Peter The Gospel of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament - New Testament Text Types
There are several distinctive types of New Testament texts. The Alexandrian text-type is usually considered the best and most faithful at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Demiurge: Encyclopedia Ii - Demiurge - Gnosticism
Like Plato, Gnosticism also presents a distinction between the highest, unknowable "alien God" and the "creator" of the material - the De...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Testament - Christian Use Of The Old Testament
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Valentinius: Encyclopedia Ii - Valentinius - Biography
He was born in Phrebonis in the Nile delta and educated in Alexandria, an important and metropolitan early Christian center. There he may...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Christians: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Christians - History Of Christianity
The term "Early Jewish-Christians" is often used in discussing the Early History of Christianity. Jesus, his Apostles, the Elders, and al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Testament - Christian Use Of The Old Testament
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity of God God t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - Criteria Used By Scholars
Scholars use a number of methods of historiography and textual criticism to determine whether a Biblical book -- or any ancient document ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gospel: Encyclopedia Ii - Gospel - Non-canonical Gospels
In addition to the four canonical gospels there have been other gospels that were not accepted into the canon. Some of these works appear...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles: Encyclopedia Ii - Authorship Of The Pauline Epistles - The Second Epistle To The Thessalonians
Compared word-for-word, 1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians have some very similar wording. For example, 1 Thess 2:9 is almost identical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Testament - Historicity Of The Old Testament
The historicity of the Old Testament has been a matter of debate, particularly since the 19th century when Julius Wellhausen using source...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy: Encyclopedia Ii - Heresy - Contemporary Heresy
Today, heresy can be without a religious context as the holding of ideas that are in fundamental disagreement with the status quo in any ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament Apocrypha: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament Apocrypha - Acts Of The Apostles
Several texts concern themselves with the subsequent lives of the apostles: Works said to be written by Leucius Charinus (known as the Le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament Apocrypha: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament Apocrypha - Infancy Gospels
The paucity of information about the childhood of Jesus in the canonical Gospels led to a hunger of early Christians for more detail abou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament Apocrypha: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament Apocrypha - Judeo-christian Gospels
The sects within the early church that retained a strong allegiance to Judaism, upholding Jewish law, used a Gospel specific to themselve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ephrem The Syrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Ephrem The Syrian - Writings
Over four hundred hymns composed by Ephrem still exist. Granted that some have been lost to us, Ephrem's productivity is not in doubt. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Epistle To Titus: Encyclopedia Ii - Epistle To Titus - Authorship And Date
Epistle to Titus - Traditional view. According to Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897), "Paul's Authorship was undisputed in antiquity, as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irenaeus: Encyclopedia Ii - Irenaeus - Writings
Irenaeus wrote a number of books, but the most important that survives is the five-volume On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ephrem The Syrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Ephrem The Syrian - Writings
Over four hundred hymns composed by Ephrem still exist. Granted that some have been lost, Ephrem's productivity is not in doubt. The chur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biblical Canon: Encyclopedia Ii - Biblical Canon - Christian Canon
Biblical canon - Orthodox Catholic and Protestant. When Christianity began: it had no well-defined set of scriptures outside of the Sep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dualism: Encyclopedia Ii - Dualism - Usage In Philosophy Of Mind
Main Article: Mind-body dualism In philosophy of mind, dualism is any of a narrow variety of views about the relationship between mind an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dualism: Encyclopedia Ii - Dualism - Usage In Contemporary Feminist Theory
An interesting theory relating to dualism and a contemporary feminist world view is presented by Susan Bordo. Bordo contends that dualism...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dualism: Encyclopedia Ii - Dualism - Usage In Recent Religious And Philosophical Movements
In recent years, with world travel and rapid communication systems, the distinction between "eastern" and "western" philosophy has been l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tertullian: Encyclopedia Ii - Tertullian - Theology
Tertullian - General character. Though thoroughly conversant with the Greek theology, Tertullian was independent of its metaphysical sp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polycarp: Encyclopedia Ii - Polycarp - Surviving Writing And Early Accounts
His sole surviving work is his Letter to the Philippians, a mosaic of references to the New Testament. It, and an account of The Martyrdo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polycarp: Encyclopedia Ii - Polycarp - Span Of Life
The date of Polycarp's death is disputed. Eusebius dates it to the reign of Marcus Aurelius, circa 166-167. However, a post-Eusebian addi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irenaeus: Encyclopedia Ii - Irenaeus - Biography
Irenaeus is thought to have been a Greek from Polycarp's hometown of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now Izmir, Turkey. He was brought up in a Chri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Christianity - Origins
Christianity started out as a Jewish sect around the followers of Jesus Christ. Many scholars believe that there were possibly three dist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paul Of Tarsus: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Of Tarsus - Writings
See also Authorship of the Pauline Epistles Paul wrote a number of letters to Christian churches and individuals. However, not all have b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Christianity - The Earliest Emergence Of Christianity
Christianity began among a small number of Jews and Jewish Proselytes. Acts of the Apostles 1:15 says about 120. By the third century AD,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Supersessionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Supersessionism - Restorationism
Restorationism is the belief of some Christians in a large scale end times conversion of Jewish people to Christianity. Dispensational Co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irenaeus: Encyclopedia Ii - Irenaeus - Biography
Irenaeus is thought to have been a Greek from Polycarp's hometown of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now Izmir, Turkey. He was raised in a Christia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paul Of Tarsus: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Of Tarsus - The Legendary Tradition
From the mid-2nd century, orally transmitted legends that had grown up about the figure of Paul were embodied in written narratives, that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament - What Is The New Testament?
The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Testament or Greek Scriptures, is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament - Language
The common language spoken in the time of Jesus was Aramaic. However, the original text of the New Testament was most likely written in K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament - Date Of Composition
According to tradition, the earliest of the books were the letters of Paul, and the last books to be written are those attributed to John...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gnosticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Gnosticism - Gnostic Sects
(Note: It is a matter of controversy if these sects had a real succession of ideas or communion with each other, or if they more or less ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Christianity - The Earliest Emergence Of Christianity
Debatably and Biblically speaking, Christianity began with the Messianic promise (Gen 3:15) at the dawn of creation and therefore with Ad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Christianity - Fifth Century
History of Christianity - The conversion of the Mediterranean world. Augustine of Hippo Jerome ... See also:History of Christianity...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy: Encyclopedia Ii - Heresy - Etymology
The word "heresy" comes from the Greek αιρεσις, hairesis (from αιρεομαι, haireomai, "choose"), which means either a choice...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Old Testament: Encyclopedia Ii - Old Testament - Christian View Of The Law
Traditional Christianity affirms that the laws or Torah of the Old Testament is the word of God, but many Christians deny that all of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Christianity
Telling non-Christians about Christianity has been seen as a duty of Christians since the time of Jesus. According to the New Testament, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Testament Apocrypha: Encyclopedia Ii - New Testament Apocrypha - Gnostic Esoterica
In the modern era, many Gnostic texts have been uncovered, especially from the Nag Hammadi library. Some texts take the form of an expoun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Christianity - Fifth Century
History of Christianity - The conversion of the Mediterranean world. Augustine of Hippo Jerome ... See also:History of Christianity...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apostolic Fathers: Encyclopedia Ii - Apostolic Fathers - Definition Of Terms
The "Apostolic Fathers" are distinguished from other Christian authors of this same period in that their practices and theology largely f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Christianity
Telling non-Christians about Christianity has been seen as a duty of Christians since the time of Jesus. According to the New Testament, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gospel Of Thomas: Encyclopedia Ii - Gospel Of Thomas - The Gospel Of Thomas And The Canon Of The New Testament
The fact that the Gospel of Thomas does not seem to have been considered for the New Testament is seen by some as an indication of its be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcionism - Criticisms
According to a remark by Origen (Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew 15.3), Marcion "prohibited allegorical interpretations of the script...   » Read the article

Article - Theosophy Sitemap I - M
This is a sitemap for Theosophy - M . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word.   ...   » Read the article