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Maratha empire | A Wisdom Archive on Maratha empire | | Maratha empire A selection of articles related to Maratha empire | |
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Maratha empire
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Maratha empire | | | |  Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Second Anglo-Maratha War - BackgroundThe overweening ambition of Raghunath Rao, Peshwa Baji Rao II's father, and the latter's own incompetence since coming into his inheritence, had long occasioned much internecine intrigue within the maratha confederacy; Peshwa Baji Rao II no longer commanded the deference his predecessors had.
In October 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II was defeated by one of his own nominal subordinates, the Holkar ruler of Indore, at the battle of Poona. He fled to British protection, and in december the same year concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subs ...
See also:Second Anglo-Maratha War, Second Anglo-Maratha War - Background, Second Anglo-Maratha War - The War Read more here: » Second Anglo-Maratha War: Encyclopedia II - Second Anglo-Maratha War - Background |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Early life Shivajiraje was born in 1630, in the Shivneri Fort, 60 km north of Pune. His father, Shahaji raje, was a jagirdar of the sultan of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhav from Sindkhedraja in present-day Buldhana district of Maharashtra, one of the most influential amongst the Yadav (respected kshatreeya) rulers.
When the Mughals and Adilshah completed their conquest of the Nizamshahi kingdom of Ahmednagar in 1636, Shahaji was forced to leave the region around Pune. He was inducted by A ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Early life |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - 17th century - Inventions, discoveries, introductions List of 17th century inventions
Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the Scientific revolution.
Calculus is invented and used to formulate classical mechanics.
First measurement of the speed of light, 1676.
Banknotes were reintroduced in Europe.
Ice cream
Tea and coffee become popular in Europe.
...
See also:17th century, 17th century - Events, 17th century - Significant people, 17th century - Inventions, discoveries, introductions, 17th century - Decades and years Read more here: » 17th century: Encyclopedia II - 17th century - Inventions, discoveries, introductions |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji Because of his struggle against an imperial power, Shivaji became an icon of freedom fighters (along with the Rani of Jhansi) in the Indian independence struggle that followed two centuries later.
He is remembered as a just and wise king and his rule is called one of the six golden pages in Indian history. A political party, the Shiv Sena, claims to draw inspiration from him. School texts in Maharashtra glorify his period. And in recent years organisations such as the Sambhaji Brigade have adopted a new religion known as Shiv D ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion Shivaji ,rather entire stream of Maratha kings and chieftains professed true secularism. Shahaji had donated a huge peace of land to Shaha-Sharif Durga of Ahmednagar. Shivaji generally did not give land to any particular person except on a rare occasion. Shivaji had one-third Muslim soldiers in his army,specially in navy. Shivaji's most trusted general in all his military campaigns was Haider Ali Kohari, a Muslim. The first thing Shivaji did after a conquest was to promulgate protection of mosques and Muslim tombs. However, he respected all ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Raja Jai Singh, Shivaji - Trip To Agra and Escape, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - Shivaji and Sanskrit, Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Early life Shivaji was born in 1630, in the Shivneri Fort which is 60 km north of Pune. His father, Shahaji, was a jagirdar of Adilshah who was the sultan of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. His mother, Jijabai was the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhav who was one of the most influential amongst the Yadav (Kshatriya) rulers.
When the Mughals and Adilshah completed their conquest of the Nizamshahi kingdom of Ahmednagar in 1636, Shahaji was forced to leave the region around Pune. He was inducted by Adilshah and offered a distant jagir near present-day B ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Raja Jai Singh, Shivaji - Trip To Agra and Escape, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - Shivaji and Sanskrit, Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Early life |
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| | | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Shivaji's rule After his coronation, Shivaji launched a wave of conquests in southern India with a massive force of 50,000 (30,000 cavalry & 20,000 infantry). He defeated and captured the forts at Vellore and Jinji in modern day Tamilnadu. He also signed a friendship treaty with the Kutubshah of Golconda. Shivaji died in 1680 at Raigad, after running a fever for three weeks.
Shivaji successfully fought the Mughals to create a powerful independent state. During his early career he was only able to defeat small Mughal contingents stationed in villages. Later on he defeated major Mughal armies ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Shivaji's rule |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls The Mughals had defeated Shahaji and annexed territories which Shivaji now wanted to recover. He frequently raided the Mughal territory to the north of his small kingdom, carrying out guerilla attacks against an empire at the height of its power.
Shivaji - Shahista Khan.
Shahista Khan, Aurangzeb's maternal uncle, seized Pune and the fort of Chakan. His vast army was more than a match for Shivaji's troops and he was an experienced commander, who had defeated Shahaji in this region in 1636. But though he held Pune for almost a year, he had little further success and his t ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Coronation A thread ceremony (Upanayanam) took place on May 29, 1674, and then a Vratya Stoma ceremony was performed.
Shivaji was formally crowned Chatrapati ("Holder of the Umbrella", representing the protection he bestowed on his people) on June 6, 1674 at the Raigad fort, and given the title, Kshatriya Kulavantas Simhasanadheeshwar Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Pandit Gaga Bhatt, renowned as Vedonarayana (Greatest exponent of Vedic discourse) Brahmin from Varanasi, officially presided over the ceremony and traced Sh ...
See also:Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Coronation |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Bombay Presidency - Administration The Presidency was divided into four commissionerships and twenty-six districts with Bombay City as its capital. The four divisions were the northern or Gujarat, the central or Deccan, the southern or Carnatic, and Sind. The twenty-six districts were: Bombay City, Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Kaira, Panch Mahals, Surat, Thane, Ahmednagar, Khandesh (partitioned into two districts in 1906), Nasik, Poona (Pune), Satara, Sholapur, Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad (Dharwar), North Kanara, Kolaba, Ratnagiri, Karachi, Hyderabad, ...
See also:Bombay Presidency, Bombay Presidency - Early history, Bombay Presidency - Territorial expansion, Bombay Presidency - Geography, Bombay Presidency - Administration, Bombay Presidency - People, Bombay Presidency - Agriculture, Bombay Presidency - Industry, Bombay Presidency - Transportation, Bombay Presidency - Military, Bombay Presidency - Education, Bombay Presidency - 20th Century reforms, Bombay Presidency - After independence Read more here: » Bombay Presidency: Encyclopedia II - Bombay Presidency - Administration |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Kuruba - Culture Kurubas are Hindus follow Halumatha. Worshiping Almighty Source in stone (Linga) form might have originated from Halumatha. Stone is the source for the soil. Soil is the source for the plants. Plants are the source for the animals. This may be the reason for worshiping Almight in Stone. Through the ages, this stone worship tradition might have lead to worshiping Shiva(Pashupati) as Beeralingeswara, Mailara Linga, Malladevaru, Mahadeshwara, Nanjundeswara, Mallappa, Mallara, Mallikarjuna, Junjappa etc. Even the worshiping of shakti as Yellamma ...
See also:Kuruba, Kuruba - Etymology, Kuruba - History and Origins, Kuruba - Clan Background, Kuruba - Culture, Kuruba - Other Names and Sub-Castes, Kuruba - Kurubas Today, Kuruba - Traditions, Kuruba - Some famous Kuruba Gowdas Read more here: » Kuruba: Encyclopedia II - Kuruba - Culture |
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| | | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Kuruba - Culture Kurubas are Hindus and follow Shaivism; lord Shiva in the form of Beeralingeswara is the main deity. The worship of other deities such as Krishna, Mailara Linga, Yellamma, Venkateshwara and Rama has also been popular; the great poet Kanakadasa wrote timeless hymns in praise of Keshava, a form of Krishna.
Beeralingeswara temples have "Balaga" with Gowda, Buddhivanta, Bandari, Kolkara etc. Kurubas were great warriors and had established many ancient kingdoms such as the the Hoysala kingdom in Karnataka and Pallava kingdom in present day Tamil Nadu; they reached their zenith of prosperity between AD.1300 & AD.1600 un ...
See also:Kuruba, Kuruba - Etymology, Kuruba - History and Origins, Kuruba - Clan Background, Kuruba - Culture, Kuruba - Other Names and Sub-Castes, Kuruba - Kurubas Today, Kuruba - Traditions, Kuruba - Some famous Kuruba Gowdas Read more here: » Kuruba: Encyclopedia II - Kuruba - Culture |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Transport The city is on the major rail and road arteries joining Mumbai with Delhi and Mumbai with Ahmedabad. Because of this Vadodara is known as a ‘Gateway to the Golden Corridor’. National Highway No. 8 passes through the city. Vadodara is also connected with Ahmedabad through National Expressway No. 1, a stretch of 97 km Super Highway with only 2 exits. The Vadodara Railway Station belongs to the Western Railways division of Indian Railaways and is a major station on the Mumbai-Delhi and Mumbai-Ahmedabad routes. All trains, including superfas ...
See also:Vadodara, Vadodara - Origin of Name, Vadodara - History, Vadodara - Geography, Vadodara - Climate, Vadodara - Culture, Vadodara - Economy, Vadodara - Education, Vadodara - Transport, Vadodara - Demographics, Vadodara - Government and politics, Vadodara - Sports, Vadodara - Places of Interest Read more here: » Vadodara: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Transport |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Sports Cricket is by far the most popular sport in the city, as it is in the rest of the country. Having said that, the interest in football (soccer), field hockey, volleyball, table-tennis and tennis is much greater than average for an Indian city. Vadodara also has its own first-class cricket team that competes at the national level.
Prominent cricket players from Vadodara include Vijay Hazare, Kiran More, Nayan Mongia, Anshuman Gaekwad and more recently Zaheer Khan and Irfan Pathan. The Vadodara cricket team has been a consistently good performaer at the national domestic Ranji Trophy c ...
See also:Vadodara, Vadodara - Origin of Name, Vadodara - History, Vadodara - Geography, Vadodara - Climate, Vadodara - Culture, Vadodara - Economy, Vadodara - Education, Vadodara - Transport, Vadodara - Demographics, Vadodara - Government and politics, Vadodara - Sports, Vadodara - Places of Interest Read more here: » Vadodara: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Sports |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - British East India Company - Flags Downman (1685)
Lens (1700)
Rees (1820)
Laurie (1842)
The East India Company flag changed over time. From the period of 1600 to 1707 (Act of Union between England and Scotland) the flag consisted of a St George's cross in the canton and a number of alternating Red and White stripes. After 1707 the canton contained the original Union Flag consisting of a combined St George's cross and a St Andrew's cross. After the Act of Union in 1800, that joined Ireland into the United Kingdom, the canton of the East India Compan ...
See also:British East India Company, British East India Company - Flags, British East India Company - Impact, British East India Company - History, British East India Company - The foundation years, British East India Company - Footholds in India, British East India Company - Expansion, British East India Company - The road to a complete monopoly, British East India Company - The Basis of the Monopoly, British East India Company - Regulation of the company's affairs, British East India Company - The end, British East India Company - East India Club, British East India Company - Notes Read more here: » British East India Company: Encyclopedia II - British East India Company - Flags |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - British East India Company - Impact Based in London, the company presided over the creation of the British Raj. In 1717, the Company received a royal dictate from the Mughal Emperor exempting the Company from the payment of custom duties in Bengal, giving it a decided commercial advantage in the Indian trade. A decisive victory by Sir Robert Clive at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 established the British East India Company as a military as well as a commercial power. By 1760, the French were driven out of India, with the exception of a ...
See also:British East India Company, British East India Company - Flags, British East India Company - Impact, British East India Company - History, British East India Company - The foundation years, British East India Company - Footholds in India, British East India Company - Expansion, British East India Company - The road to a complete monopoly, British East India Company - The Basis of the Monopoly, British East India Company - Regulation of the company's affairs, British East India Company - The end, British East India Company - East India Club, British East India Company - Notes Read more here: » British East India Company: Encyclopedia II - British East India Company - Impact |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Education The patronage of education started with Maharaja Sayajirao and the city has built further on the academic infrastructure established by him.
The present educational foundation rests on over 20 public schools and over 100 private schools. Towering benevolently over all is the Maharaja Sayajirao University, the jewel in the Baroda crown, so to speak. MSU is the only university in Gujarat with English as the only medium of instruction. It has 13 faculties and 17 residential hostels, 4 of them for women students. The univ ...
See also:Vadodara, Vadodara - Origin of Name, Vadodara - History, Vadodara - Geography, Vadodara - Climate, Vadodara - Culture, Vadodara - Economy, Vadodara - Education, Vadodara - Transport, Vadodara - Demographics, Vadodara - Government and politics, Vadodara - Sports, Vadodara - Places of Interest Read more here: » Vadodara: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Education |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Economy Vadodara enjoys a special place in the state of Gujarat. Till the early 1960’s Vadodara was considered to be a cultural and educational centre. The first modern factory (Alembic Pharmaceuticals) was established in Vadodara in 1907 and subsequently companies such as Sarabhai Chemicals, and Jyoti came up in the 1940s. By 1962 there were 288 factories employing 27510 workers. At that time, the dominant industrial groups were chemicals and pharmaceuticals, cotton textiles and machine tools. The estabilsment of Bank of Baroda by Sayajirao Gaekwad III ...
See also:Vadodara, Vadodara - Origin of Name, Vadodara - History, Vadodara - Geography, Vadodara - Climate, Vadodara - Culture, Vadodara - Economy, Vadodara - Education, Vadodara - Transport, Vadodara - Demographics, Vadodara - Government and politics, Vadodara - Sports, Vadodara - Places of Interest Read more here: » Vadodara: Encyclopedia II - Vadodara - Economy |
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| | | | | Maratha empire: Encyclopedia II - Aliya Rama Raya - Career "Aliya" Rama Raya was a son-in-law of the great Vijayanagara Emperor Krishna Deva Raya. The word "Aliya" means "son-in-law" in the Kannada language.
Rama Raya was a successful army general, and conducted many victorious campaigns. After the demise of his illustrious father-in-law, Rama Raya, as a member of the family, began to wield great influence over the affairs of the state. Krishna Deva Raya was succeeded in 1529/30 by his much younger brother Sadashiva Raya, upon whose demise in 1542, the throne devolved upon his nephew Achyuta Raya, then a minor. Rama Raya was appointed Regent during t ...
See also:Aliya Rama Raya, Aliya Rama Raya - Career, Aliya Rama Raya - Third Battle of Talikota, Aliya Rama Raya - Aravidu Dynasty, Aliya Rama Raya - South India in the post-Vijayanagara period Read more here: » Aliya Rama Raya: Encyclopedia II - Aliya Rama Raya - Career |
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