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Manuel José Estrada Cabrera | A Wisdom Archive on Manuel José Estrada Cabrera | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera A selection of articles related to Manuel José Estrada Cabrera | |
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| | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera | | |
| ARTICLES RELATED TO Manuel José Estrada Cabrera | | | |  Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - Minerva - Titles and rolesThe name "Minerva" may come from the Indo-European root *men-, from which "mental" and "mind" are also derived. However, the non-Indo-European speaking Etruscans had a goddess Menrva, so the name may be of entirely unknown derivation.
Minerva was the daughter of Jupiter and Metis. She was considered to be the virgin goddess of warriors, poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, crafts, and the inventor of music. As Minerva Medica, ...
See also:Minerva, Minerva - Titles and roles, Minerva - Worship, Minerva - Minerva in the modern world Read more here: » Minerva: Encyclopedia II - Minerva - Titles and roles |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - Civil war In response to the increasingly autocratic rule of Gen. Ydígoras Fuentes, who took power in 1958 following the murder of Col. Castillo Armas, a group of junior military officers revolted in 1960. When they failed, several went into hiding and established close ties with Cuba. This group became the nucleus of the forces that were in armed insurrection against the government for the next 36 years.
Four principal left-wing guerrilla groups — the Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP), the Revolutionary Organization of Armed People (ORPA), t ...
See also:History of Guatemala, History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala, History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule, History of Guatemala - The 19th Century, History of Guatemala - The Early 20th Century, History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring, History of Guatemala - Operation PBSUCCESS, History of Guatemala - Civil war, History of Guatemala - 1986 to 2000, History of Guatemala - The 21st Century, History of Guatemala - Resources, History of Guatemala - External links, History of Guatemala - Notes, History of Guatemala - Further reading Read more here: » History of Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - Civil war |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - Operation PBSUCCESS - The Coup After all but abandoning the project during the summer of 1953, the National Security Council revived the project in August of that year after a review of the situation in light of the success of the recent CIA-organized coup in Iran. Re-naming the operation to "PBSUCCESS", the planners consolidated all of the successful elements of previous operations, combining psychological, diplomatic, economic, and paramilitary actions. Economically, the Agency enlisted the help of some top-ranking American businessmen who would be assigned to put cover ...
See also:Operation PBSUCCESS, Operation PBSUCCESS - Note on naming, Operation PBSUCCESS - Background, Operation PBSUCCESS - Operation PBFORTUNE, Operation PBSUCCESS - The Coup, Operation PBSUCCESS - Propaganda, Operation PBSUCCESS - Invasion, Operation PBSUCCESS - Aftermath, Operation PBSUCCESS - Operation PBHISTORY, Operation PBSUCCESS - Resources, Operation PBSUCCESS - Notes, Operation PBSUCCESS - References & Further reading, Operation PBSUCCESS - External links Read more here: » Operation PBSUCCESS: Encyclopedia II - Operation PBSUCCESS - The Coup |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - Operation PBSUCCESS - Aftermath In the 11 days after Arbenz's resignation five successive juntas occupied the presidential palace, each more amenable to American demands than the last, with Armas himself finally taking office at the end. He proved to be embarrassingly inept and his corrupt and repressive policies renewed civil conflict unseen in the country since before the revolution of 1944. An unexpected result of the coup was the ferocious condemnation of it by the international press. Le Monde and the London Times both attacked the America's "modern form ...
See also:Operation PBSUCCESS, Operation PBSUCCESS - Note on naming, Operation PBSUCCESS - Background, Operation PBSUCCESS - Operation PBFORTUNE, Operation PBSUCCESS - The Coup, Operation PBSUCCESS - Propaganda, Operation PBSUCCESS - Invasion, Operation PBSUCCESS - Aftermath, Operation PBSUCCESS - Operation PBHISTORY, Operation PBSUCCESS - Resources, Operation PBSUCCESS - Notes, Operation PBSUCCESS - References & Further reading, Operation PBSUCCESS - External links Read more here: » Operation PBSUCCESS: Encyclopedia II - Operation PBSUCCESS - Aftermath |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The 21st Century Progress in carrying out Portillo's reform agenda during his first year in office was slow. As a result, public support for the government sank to nearly record lows by early 2001. Although the administration made progress on such issues as taking state responsibility for past human rights cases and supporting human rights in international fora, it failed to show significant advances on combating impunity in past human rights cases, military reforms, a fiscal pact to help finance peace implementat ...
See also:History of Guatemala, History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala, History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule, History of Guatemala - The 19th Century, History of Guatemala - The Early 20th Century, History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring, History of Guatemala - Operation PBSUCCESS, History of Guatemala - Civil war, History of Guatemala - 1986 to 2000, History of Guatemala - The 21st Century, History of Guatemala - Resources, History of Guatemala - External links, History of Guatemala - Notes, History of Guatemala - Further reading Read more here: » History of Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The 21st Century |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - Operation PBSUCCESS - Background Arbenz, who played an important role in the "October Revolution" of 1944 which liberated Guatemalans from the oppressive and corrupt dictatorship of General Jorge Ubico, was a popular figure at the time of his election in 1951, winning 65% of the vote in an election that was remarkably open and free given the armed outbreaks of previous months. An intellectual, he advocated social and political reforms, unionization, and land reform. For the latter, Arbenz secretly met with members of the Communist Guatemalan Labor Party (known by its Spanis ...
See also:Operation PBSUCCESS, Operation PBSUCCESS - Note on naming, Operation PBSUCCESS - Background, Operation PBSUCCESS - Operation PBFORTUNE, Operation PBSUCCESS - The Coup, Operation PBSUCCESS - Propaganda, Operation PBSUCCESS - Invasion, Operation PBSUCCESS - Aftermath, Operation PBSUCCESS - Operation PBHISTORY, Operation PBSUCCESS - Resources, Operation PBSUCCESS - Notes, Operation PBSUCCESS - References & Further reading, Operation PBSUCCESS - External links Read more here: » Operation PBSUCCESS: Encyclopedia II - Operation PBSUCCESS - Background |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring In 1944, General Jorge Ubico's dictatorship was overthrown by the "October Revolutionaries", a group of dissident military officers, students, and liberal professionals who were empowered by the wave of revolutions that swept up old, unpopular dictatorships in Venezuela, Cuba, and El Salvador around the same time. The social unrest preceding the coup culminated in the killing of a schoolteacher by an Army soldier, which sparked a broad general strike that paralyzed the country and forced Ubico to surrender power to his generals. Further unrest prompted two young officers at the time, Jacobo Arbenz and Francisco ...
See also:History of Guatemala, History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala, History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule, History of Guatemala - The 19th Century, History of Guatemala - The Early 20th Century, History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring, History of Guatemala - Operation PBSUCCESS, History of Guatemala - Civil war, History of Guatemala - 1986 to 2000, History of Guatemala - The 21st Century, History of Guatemala - Resources, History of Guatemala - External links, History of Guatemala - Notes, History of Guatemala - Further reading Read more here: » History of Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - Minerva - Worship Ovid called her the "goddess of a thousand works." Minerva was worshipped throughout Italy, though only in Rome did she take on a warlike character. Minerva is usually depicted wearing a coat of mail and a helmet, and carrying a spear.
The Romans celebrated her festival from March 19 to 23 during the day which is called, in the feminine plural, Quinquatria, the fifth after the Ides of March, the nineteenth, the artisans' holiday. A lesser version, the Minusculae Quinquatria, was held on the Ides of June, June 13, by the flute-players, ...
See also:Minerva, Minerva - Titles and roles, Minerva - Worship, Minerva - Minerva in the modern world Read more here: » Minerva: Encyclopedia II - Minerva - Worship |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala The Maya civilization flourished throughout much of Guatemala and the surrounding region for close to 2000 years before the Spanish arrived in the early 16th century. Most of the Great Classic Maya cities of the Petén region of Guatemala's northern lowlands were abandoned by the year 1000 AD. The states of the central highlands, however, were still flourishing until the arrival of the Spanish Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, who brutally subjegated the native states in 1523–1527.
Native peoples of the Guatemala highlands, such as the Cachiquel, Mam, Quiché, and Tz'ut ...
See also:History of Guatemala, History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala, History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule, History of Guatemala - The 19th Century, History of Guatemala - The Early 20th Century, History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring, History of Guatemala - Operation PBSUCCESS, History of Guatemala - Civil war, History of Guatemala - 1986 to 2000, History of Guatemala - The 21st Century, History of Guatemala - Resources, History of Guatemala - External links, History of Guatemala - Notes, History of Guatemala - Further reading Read more here: » History of Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule During Spanish colonial rule, most of Central America came under the control of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
The first colonial capital of Guatemala, now called Ciudad Vieja, was ruined by floods and an earthquake in 1542. Survivors founded a second city of Guatemala, now known as La Antigua, in 1543. In the 17th century, Antigua Guatemala became one of the richest capitals in the New World. Always vulnerable to volcanic eruptions, floods, and earthquakes, Antigua was destroyed by two earthquakes in 1773, but the remnants of it ...
See also:History of Guatemala, History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala, History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule, History of Guatemala - The 19th Century, History of Guatemala - The Early 20th Century, History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring, History of Guatemala - Operation PBSUCCESS, History of Guatemala - Civil war, History of Guatemala - 1986 to 2000, History of Guatemala - The 21st Century, History of Guatemala - Resources, History of Guatemala - External links, History of Guatemala - Notes, History of Guatemala - Further reading Read more here: » History of Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule |
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| | | | Manuel José Estrada Cabrera: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The 19th Century Guatemala gained independence from Spain on September 15, 1821; it briefly became part of the Mexican Empire and then for a period belonged to a federation called The United Provinces of Central America, until the federation broke up in civil war in 1838–1840 (See: History of Central America). Guatemala's Rafael Carrera was instrumental in leading the revolt against the federal government and breaking apart the Union. Carrera dominated Guatemalan politics until 1865, b ...
See also:History of Guatemala, History of Guatemala - Pre-Columbian Guatemala, History of Guatemala - The Era of Spanish Rule, History of Guatemala - The 19th Century, History of Guatemala - The Early 20th Century, History of Guatemala - The Ten Years of Spring, History of Guatemala - Operation PBSUCCESS, History of Guatemala - Civil war, History of Guatemala - 1986 to 2000, History of Guatemala - The 21st Century, History of Guatemala - Resources, History of Guatemala - External links, History of Guatemala - Notes, History of Guatemala - Further reading Read more here: » History of Guatemala: Encyclopedia II - History of Guatemala - The 19th Century |
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