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Manuel I Comnenus | A Wisdom Archive on Manuel I Comnenus | | Manuel I Comnenus A selection of articles related to Manuel I Comnenus | |
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Manuel I Comnenus
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Manuel I Comnenus | | | |  Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in the Byzantine EmpireIn 1179, following the family's alliance with Manuel I Comnenos, Conrad led an army against Frederick Barbarossa's forces, then commanded by the imperial Chancellor, Archbishop Christian von Mainz. He defeated them at Camerino in September, taking the Chancellor hostage. (He had previously been a hostage of the Chancellor.) He went to Constantinople to be thanked by the Emperor, returning to Italy shortly after Manuel's death in 1180. Nicetas Choniates describes him at this time (in his mid-thirties) as "of beautiful appearance, comely in the springtime of life, exceptional and peerless in cou ...
See also:Conrad of Montferrat, Conrad of Montferrat - Early life, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in the Byzantine Empire, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad and the crusader states, Conrad of Montferrat - Conflict with Guy of Lusignan, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad as King of Jerusalem, Conrad of Montferrat - Family, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in fiction and film, Conrad of Montferrat - Sources Read more here: » Conrad of Montferrat: Encyclopedia II - Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in the Byzantine Empire |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Military titles
Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Army.
Exarchos - The exarchs were governors of remote parts of the empire such as Italy or Africa. They enjoyed a greater degree of independence than other provincial governors, combining both civil and military authority, practically acting as viceroys.
Domestikos – the domestikoi were originally imperial guards, who became generals in the themes. They included:
Megas Domestikos (Grand Domestic) - t ...
See also:Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Aristocratic titles, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Imperial titles, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Court titles, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Military titles, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Army, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Navy, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Other military titles, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Administrative titles, Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Sources Read more here: » Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Military titles |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Jerusalem - Foundation and early history The First Crusade was preached at the Council of Clermont in 1095 by Pope Urban II, with the goal of assisting the Byzantine Empire against the invasions of the Seljuk Turks. Very soon, however, the capture, or recapture as the participants saw it, of the Holy Land became the main objective. The kingdom came into being with the capture of Jerusalem in July of 1099, the climax of the crusade. Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine and one of the main leaders of the crusade, was chosen as the first king. He refused, however, to take this ...
See also:Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Foundation and early history, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Life in the kingdom, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Demographics, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Economy, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Government and legal system, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the mid-12th century, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Disaster and recovery, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Loss of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, Kingdom of Jerusalem - The Kingdom of Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Arms of Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Sources, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Primary sources, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Secondary sources Read more here: » Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Jerusalem - Foundation and early history |
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| | | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in fiction and film The Monferrine court was Occitan in its literary culture, and provided patronage to numerous troubadors. Bertran de Born and Peirol mention Conrad in songs composed at the time of the Third Crusade. He was seen as a heroic figure, the noble defender of Tyre - the "Marqués valens e pros" ("the valiant and worthy Marquess") as Peirol called him. However, subsequently, the long-term prejudice of popular English-language writing towards Richard I and his "Lionheart" myth has affected portrayals of Conrad in English-language ...
See also:Conrad of Montferrat, Conrad of Montferrat - Early life, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in the Byzantine Empire, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad and the crusader states, Conrad of Montferrat - Conflict with Guy of Lusignan, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad as King of Jerusalem, Conrad of Montferrat - Family, Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in fiction and film, Conrad of Montferrat - Sources Read more here: » Conrad of Montferrat: Encyclopedia II - Conrad of Montferrat - Conrad in fiction and film |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Devol - Background In 1097, the Crusader armies assembled at Constantinople after having traveled separately eastward through Europe. Alexius I, who had requested only mercenaries from the West to help fight the Seljuk Turks, blockaded these armies in the city and would not permit them to leave until their leaders swore oaths promising to return to the Empire any land that they might conquer on the way to Jerusalem. The Crusaders eventually swore these oaths, individually rather than as a group; some, such as Raymond IV of Toulouse, were probably sincere, but ...
See also:Treaty of Devol, Treaty of Devol - Background, Treaty of Devol - Settlements, Treaty of Devol - Outcome Read more here: » Treaty of Devol: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Devol - Background |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery During the civil war, Nur ad-Din had been busy consolidating his control of Damascus following the death of Mu'in ad-Din. With Syria united under one ruler, Jerusalem now had to look to the south, towards Egypt, if it wanted to expand. Egypt was weakened by civil wars as well, after the succession of a series of young Fatimid caliphs. Around 1150 Baldwin refortified Gaza to place some pressure on the nearby Egyptian outpost of Ascalon, and in 1153 Baldwin successfully besieged and captured Ascalon itself. This secured the border with Egypt, ...
See also:Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance Baldwin's modest recovery garnered him enough prestige to seek a wife from the Byzantine Empire. In 1157 he sent Humphrey of Toron to negotiate with Emperor Manuel, and it was decided that Baldwin should marry Theodora, Manuel's niece. The alliance was more favourable to Byzantium then Jerusalem, as Baldwin was forced to recognize Byzantine suzerainty over Antioch, and if Theodora were to be widowed she would be provided the city of Acre. Though Theodora personified the Byzantine-Jerusalem alliance, she was not to exercise any authority outside of Acre. The marriage took place in Septemb ...
See also:Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war By 1152 Baldwin had been of age to rule by himself for seven years, and he began to assert himself in political affairs. Though he had not previously expressed an interest in the administration of the country, he now demanded more authority. He and his mother had become increasingly estranged since 1150, and Baldwin blamed the constable Manasses for interfering with his legal succession. In early 1152 Baldwin demanded a second coronation from Patriarch Fulcher, separate from his mother. The patriarch refused and as a kind of self-coronation Baldwin paraded thr ...
See also:Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans.
In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors continued this claim. See Ottomans for the complete list of Ottoman sultans.
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See also:List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade In 1148 the crusade finally arrived in Jerusalem, led by Louis VII of France, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Conrad III of Germany. Baldwin held a council at Acre in 1148, but in-fighting and poor planning plagued the crusaders, and Conrad badly advised Baldwin to attack Damascus, despite the peace treaty. Baldwin, perhaps eager to impress the great magnates of Europe who had arrived in his kingdom, agreed to the plan, but the ensuing siege of Damascus was a fiasco and ended in defeat after only four days. Damascus soon fell under Nur ad ...
See also:Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics William of Tyre knew Baldwin personally and gives a lengthy description of the king:
"…He was taller than the average man, but his limbs were so well proportioned to his height that no feature seemed out of harmony with the whole. His features were comely and refined, his complexion florid, a proof of innate strength…His eyes were of medium size, rather prominent and sparkling. He had straight yellowish hair and wore a rather full beard on cheeks and chin. He was of somewhat full habit, although he cou ...
See also:Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Succession, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Second Crusade, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Civil war, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Recovery, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Death, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics, Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Sources Read more here: » Baldwin III of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Personal characteristics |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic.
Phocas the Tyrant ( ? - 610, ruled 602 - 610) – usurper; betrayed by his son-in-law
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See also:List of Byzantine Emperors, List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored, List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty, List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople, List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans, List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia II - List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the mid-12th century Baldwin II was succeded in 1131 by his daughter Melisende, who ruled jointly with her husband Fulk, the former Count of Anjou. During their reign Jerusalem exercised its greatest economic and artistic expansion, with the Melisende Psalter commissioned between 1135 and 1143, and the expansion of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in western Gothic style completed by 1149. Fulk, a renowned military commander, was faced with a new and more dangerous enemy - the Atabeg Zengi of Mosul. Although Fulk held off Zengi throughout his reign, William of T ...
See also:Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Foundation and early history, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Life in the kingdom, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Demographics, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Economy, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Government and legal system, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the mid-12th century, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Disaster and recovery, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Loss of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, Kingdom of Jerusalem - The Kingdom of Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Arms of Kingdom of Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Sources, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Primary sources, Kingdom of Jerusalem - Secondary sources Read more here: » Kingdom of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in the mid-12th century |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Balian of Ibelin - Legacy Balian died in 1193. With Maria he had two sons: John of Ibelin was Lord of Beirut and constable of Jerusalem, and Philip of Ibelin acted as Regent of Cyprus.
Balian's squire Ernoul, who was with him on the embassy to Tripoli in 1187, wrote an Old French continuation of the Latin chronicle of William of Tyre. William had died in 1186, before the fall of Jerusalem, and Ernoul's chronicle is an important source of information for this period, despite its heavy bias in favour of the Ibelin family and the nobles' faction. Western chronicl ...
See also:Balian of Ibelin, Balian of Ibelin - Early life, Balian of Ibelin - The nobles' faction, Balian of Ibelin - Dispute between Raymond and Guy, Balian of Ibelin - The Battle of Hattin, Balian of Ibelin - Defense of Jerusalem, Balian of Ibelin - Third Crusade, Balian of Ibelin - Legacy, Balian of Ibelin - Balian in fiction, Balian of Ibelin - Sources Read more here: » Balian of Ibelin: Encyclopedia II - Balian of Ibelin - Legacy |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Balian of Ibelin - Defense of Jerusalem When Balian arrived in the city, the inhabitants begged him to stay, and he was absolved of his oath to Saladin by Patriarch Heraclius, who argued that a Christian could not make an oath to an infidel. Balian was recruited to lead the defense of the city, but he found that there were only two other knights there, so he created sixty new knights from the ranks of the burgesses. With Queen Sibylla and Heraclius, he prepared for the inevitable siege by storing food and money. Saladin indeed arrived to besiege the city in September, after he had ...
See also:Balian of Ibelin, Balian of Ibelin - Early life, Balian of Ibelin - The nobles' faction, Balian of Ibelin - Dispute between Raymond and Guy, Balian of Ibelin - The Battle of Hattin, Balian of Ibelin - Defense of Jerusalem, Balian of Ibelin - Third Crusade, Balian of Ibelin - Legacy, Balian of Ibelin - Balian in fiction, Balian of Ibelin - Sources Read more here: » Balian of Ibelin: Encyclopedia II - Balian of Ibelin - Defense of Jerusalem |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Balian of Ibelin - The nobles' faction The Ibelins were partisans of the nobles' faction in the kingdom, made up of the lower nobility and older families who had lived there for generations; this faction was opposed to the new families of recently arrived crusaders, who tended to ally with the royal family. Balian and Baldwin supported Raymond III of Tripoli over Miles of Plancy as regent for King Baldwin IV in 1174, and in 1177 the brothers were present at the Battle of Montgisard, leading the vanguard victoriously against the strongest point of the Muslim line. That year Balian ...
See also:Balian of Ibelin, Balian of Ibelin - Early life, Balian of Ibelin - The nobles' faction, Balian of Ibelin - Dispute between Raymond and Guy, Balian of Ibelin - The Battle of Hattin, Balian of Ibelin - Defense of Jerusalem, Balian of Ibelin - Third Crusade, Balian of Ibelin - Legacy, Balian of Ibelin - Balian in fiction, Balian of Ibelin - Sources Read more here: » Balian of Ibelin: Encyclopedia II - Balian of Ibelin - The nobles' faction |
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| | | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Edessa - Aftermath In January of 1145 Zengi captured Saruj and besieged Birejik, but the army of Jerusalem had finally arrived and joined with Joscelin. Zengi also heard of trouble in Mosul, and rushed back to take control. There, he was praised throughout Islam as "defender of the faith" and al-Malik al-Mansur, the victorious king. He did not pursue an attack on the remaining territory of Edessa, or the Principality of Antioch, as was feared. Joscelin II continued to rule the remnants of the county to the west of the Euphrates from Turbessel, but little by little the rest of the territory was captu ...
See also:Siege of Edessa, Siege of Edessa - Background, Siege of Edessa - The siege, Siege of Edessa - Aftermath, Siege of Edessa - Sources Read more here: » Siege of Edessa: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Edessa - Aftermath |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance Byzantium was arguably the only stable state in Europe during the Middle Ages. Its expert military and diplomatic power ensured inadvertently that Western Europe remained safe from many of the more devastating invasions from eastern peoples, at a time when the Western Christian kingdoms might have had difficulty containing it. Constantly under attack during its entire existence, the Byzantines shielded Western Europe from Persians, Arabs, Seljuk Turks, and for a time, the Ottomans.
The 20th century has seen an increase ...
See also:Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness, Byzantine Empire - Origin, Byzantine Empire - Early history, Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I, Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival, Byzantine Empire - Golden era, Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the crusaders, Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline, Byzantine Empire - Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance, Byzantine Empire - Economy, Byzantine Empire - Science, Byzantine Empire - Religion, Byzantine Empire - Bibliography Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ancient history Bosnia has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. In the early Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike tribes known as the Illyres or Illyrians. The Illyrians spoke an Indo-European language.
In the year 168 BC the land of Illyres became the Roman province of Illyricum. In year 10, following a four-year rebellion of Illyres, Illyria was divided and the northern strip of today's Bosnia along the south side of the Sava River became part of the new province of Pannonia, while the rest of what is today Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Da ...
See also:History of Bosnia and Herzegovina, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ancient history, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Middle Ages, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ottoman era, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - 19th and 20th century, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Post-Yugoslav Bosnia, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - War in Bosnia, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia after the war, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Notes Read more here: » History of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia II - History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ancient history |
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| | | | | Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire Of all the turbulent events that occurred during its long life, The Fourth Crusade had the most devastating effect on the empire. Although the stated intent of the crusade was to conquer Egypt, the leaders of the Crusade ran in to trouble when they found that considerably fewer men had responded to the call than had been expected. As a result, they could not afford to pay the Venetians for all the ships they had hired. After some time spent arguing over what to do next, the Venetians came up with a new proposal, and under their influence the ...
See also:Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness, Byzantine Empire - Origin, Byzantine Empire - Early history, Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I, Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival, Byzantine Empire - Golden era, Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the crusaders, Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline, Byzantine Empire - Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance, Byzantine Empire - Economy, Byzantine Empire - Science, Byzantine Empire - Religion, Byzantine Empire - Bibliography Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire |
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