Manuel I Comnenus - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia Ii - Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade And Raynald Of Chatillon
The first test of Manuel's reign came in 1144, when he was faced with a demand by Raymond, Prince of Antioch for the cession of Cilician ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia Ii - Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade And Raynald Of Chatillon
The first test of Manuel's reign came in 1144, when he was faced with a demand by Raymond, Prince of Antioch for the cession of Cilician ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1118: Encyclopedia - 1118
1118 - Events. Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors
This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was offic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bertrand De Blanchefort: Encyclopedia - Bertrand De Blanchefort
Bertrand de Blanchefort or Blanquefort (c. 1109-January 2, 1169) was the sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1156 until his d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy
The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of aristocracy and bureaucracy. Most of the offices and titles were honorifics only, as the emp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William I Of Sicily: Encyclopedia - William I Of Sicily
William I (d. May 7, 1166) was king of Sicily from 1154 to 1166. He was the fourth son of Roger II and Elvira Alfonso of Castile, and gre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - County Of Edessa: Encyclopedia - County Of Edessa
The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around a city with an ancient history and an early traditi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantine Manasses: Encyclopedia - Constantine Manasses
Constantine Manasses (c. 1130 - c. 1187) was a Byzantine chronicler who flourished in the 12th century during the reign of Manuel I Comne...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexius Comnenus: Encyclopedia - Alexius Comnenus
Alexius Comnenus is a name from numerous members of Comnenus family. Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor. Alexius Comnenus (d. 1136), ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Of Tyre: Encyclopedia - William Of Tyre
William of Tyre (c. 1130 - 1185) was archbishop of Tyre and an historian of the Crusades and the Middle Ages. William of Tyre - Early lif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire
Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόν...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1176: Encyclopedia - 1176
1176 - Events. May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1154: Encyclopedia - 1154
1154 - Events. King Stephen of England dies at Dover, and is succeeded by his adopted son Henry Plantagenet who becomes King Henry II ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1144: Encyclopedia - 1144
1144 - Events. Louis VII capitulates to Pope Celestine II and so earns the pope's absolution Pope Celestine II is succeeded by Pope Lu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1120: Encyclopedia - 1120
1120 - Events. Welcher of Malvern creates a system of measurement for the earth using degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and lo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1180: Encyclopedia - 1180
1180 - Events. April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - Philip II becomes King of France During the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1153: Encyclopedia - 1153
1153 - Events. January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. May 24 - Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland. July 9 - Anastasius IV bec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Árpáds: Encyclopedia Ii - Árpáds - 11th Century
On December 25, 1000 (other sources: January 1, 1001), the Grand Prince Stephen was crowned (the first) King of Hungary (1000–1038) by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stefan Nemanja: Encyclopedia Ii - Stefan Nemanja - Stefan Nemanja 1166-1199
Stefan Nemanja was born in today's Montenegro. His rise to power began somewhere around 1166 when he rebelled against his older brother T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Of Tyre: Encyclopedia Ii - William Of Tyre - Religious And Political Life In Jerusalem
After his return to the Holy Land in 1165 he became canon of the cathedral at Acre, and in 1167 was appointed archdeacon of the cathedral...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agnes Of Courtenay: Encyclopedia Ii - Agnes Of Courtenay - Dynasty
The Courtenay family ruled the County of Edessa, the furthest north of the Crusader states. Joscelin I of Courtenay, an ally of Baldwin I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agnes Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Agnes Of France - Empress Consort Of The Eastern Roman Empire
Agnes of France (1171 - 1240) was the only daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne. She was a younger half-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Of Ibelin: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Of Ibelin - Family
In 1157 Baldwin married Richilde of Bethsan, with whom he had the following children: Thomas of Ibelin, lord of Ramla (died 1188) Eschiv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem - Succession
Baldwin was among the second generation of children born to the descendents of the original crusaders. He was 13 years old when his fathe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amalric I Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Amalric I Of Jerusalem - Conflicts With The Muslim States
As a Crusader state Jerusalem was constantly in a state of war. Since Baldwin III's blunder by attacking allied Damascus during the Secon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Principality Of Antioch: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality Of Antioch - Foundation
While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade cont...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prester John: Encyclopedia Ii - Prester John - Origin Of The Legend
The stories of St. Thomas proselytizing in India, which date back to at least the 3rd century, had obvious influence on the myth's develo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fourth Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - Fourth Crusade - Background
After the failure of the Third Crusade, there was little interest in Europe for another crusade against the Muslims. The Fourth Crusade w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Empire Of Trebizond: Encyclopedia Ii - Empire Of Trebizond - Foundation
When Constantinople fell to the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Empire of Trebizond was one of the three smaller Greek states that emerged fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eleanor Of Aquitaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Eleanor Of Aquitaine - Biography
Eleanor of Aquitaine - Early Life. The oldest of three children, her father was William X, Duke of Aquitaine, and her mother was Aenor ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor - Life And Reign
In 1147 Frederick became duke of Swabia and shortly afterwards made his first trip to the East, accompanying his uncle, the German king C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry Ii Of England - Biography
He was born on 5 March 1133 at Le Mans to the Empress Matilda and her second husband, Geoffrey the Fair, Count of Anjou. Brought up in An...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rulers Of Bosnia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rulers Of Bosnia - Bosnian Kingdom
1353 (1357?) - 1391 (Ban 1353-1377, King 1377-1391) Tvrtko I of Kotroman (born 1338?, died 1391) Nephew of Stephen Kotromanić. Crowned h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Jerusalem - Life In The Kingdom
Jerusalem came to be known as Outremer, the French word for "overseas." As new generations grew up in the kingdom, they began to think of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balian Of Ibelin: Encyclopedia Ii - Balian Of Ibelin - Early Life
He was the son of Barisan of Ibelin, and brother of Hugh and Baldwin. His father had been a knight in the County of Jaffa, and had been r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ban Kulin: Encyclopedia Ii - Ban Kulin - The Charter
"The Charter of Kulin" is a symbolic "birth certificate" of Bosnian statehood, as it is the first written document that talks of Bosnian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Siege Of Edessa: Encyclopedia Ii - Siege Of Edessa - The Siege
In 1144, Joscelin was able to make an alliance with Kara Aslan, the Ortoqid ruler of Diyarbakir, against the growing power and influence ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pronoia: Encyclopedia Ii - Pronoia - Pronoia In The 12th Century
Alexius' grandson Manuel I Comnenus continued to grant land to the aristocrats, but also extended pronoiai to aristocratic officers in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nur Ad-din: Encyclopedia Ii - Nur Ad-din - Unification Of The Muslim Kingdom
It was Nur ad-Din's dream to unite the various Muslim forces between the Euphrates and the Nile to make a common front against the crusad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stavelot Triptych: Encyclopedia Ii - Stavelot Triptych - Description
The Stavelot Triptych is a three-part winged shrine. In such a triptych, the outer wings protect (when swung close) the middle section, w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultanate Of Rüm: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultanate Of Rüm - Establishment
In the 1070s, Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish, a distant cousin of Malik Shah, the ruler of Great Seljuk, rose to power in western Anatolia. In 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian Dynasty
List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic. Jovian (Iovianus) (332 - 364, ruled 363 - 364) – Soldier, restored Christianity ... Se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Treaty Of Devol: Encyclopedia Ii - Treaty Of Devol - Settlements
In September 1108, Alexius requested that Bohemund negotiate with him at the imperial camp at Diabolis (Devol). Bohemund had no choice bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niš: Encyclopedia Ii - Niš - History
The city's early name under the Roman Empire remained Naissus ("city of the nymphs"). Niš is a possible location of Nysa, a mythical pla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maria Comnena: Encyclopedia Ii - Maria Comnena - Queen Consort Of Hungary
Maria Comnena was the daughter of Isaakios Comnenus. Isaakios was a son of the Emperor John II Comnenus and Piroska, daughter of King Lad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conrad Of Montferrat: Encyclopedia Ii - Conrad Of Montferrat - Conrad And The Crusader States
However, feeling that his service had been insufficiently rewarded, wary of Byzantine anti-Latin sentiment (his youngest brother Renier h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bohemund Iii Of Antioch: Encyclopedia Ii - Bohemund Iii Of Antioch - Prince Of Antioch
In 1164, Bohemund and Raymond III of Tripoli marched out to relieve Harim, under siege from Nur ad-Din, but when Nur ad-Din retreated Boh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Myriokephalon: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Myriokephalon - The March
Manuel gathered an army, supposedly so large that it spread across ten miles, and marched towards the border with the Seljuks. Arslan tri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Jerusalem - Life In The Kingdom
The Latin population of the kingdom was always small; although a steady stream of settlers and new crusaders continually arrived, most of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - The Age Of Justinian I
The reign of Justinian I, which began in 527, saw a period of extensive imperial conquests of former Roman territories (indicated in gree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Ii Comnenus: Encyclopedia Ii - John Ii Comnenus - John The Beautiful
John was known as Kaloiannis, 'John the Beautiful'. William of Tyre says that he was short and unusually ugly, with eyes, hair and comple...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - Middle Ages
The Slavs, who had originated in areas spanning modern-day southern Poland, were subjugated by the Eurasian Avars in the 5th century, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - County Of Edessa: Encyclopedia Ii - County Of Edessa - Foundation
In 1098, Baldwin of Boulogne left the main Crusading army, which was travelling south towards Antioch and Jerusalem, and went first south...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Crusade - Background
After the First Crusade and the minor Crusade of 1101 there were three crusader states established in the east: the Kingdom of Jerusalem,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - The Age Of Justinian I
The reign of Justinian I, which began in 527, saw a period of extensive imperial conquests of former Roman territories (indicated in gree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy - Aristocratic Titles
Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Imperial titles. Basileus (Βασιλεύς)– the Greek word for "king," which originally re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian Dynasty 306-363
List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic. Jovian (Iovianus) (332 - 364, ruled 363 - 364) – Soldier, restored Christianity ... Se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty Restored To Constantinople, 1259-1453
List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans. In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - Identity, Continuity, And Consciousness
"Byzantium may be defined as a multi-ethnic empire that emerged as a Christian empire, soon comprised the Hellenized empire of the East a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conrad Of Montferrat: Encyclopedia Ii - Conrad Of Montferrat - Early Life
Conrad was the second son of Marquess William V of Montferrat, "the Elder", and his wife Judith of Babenberg. He was a first cousin of Em...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bohemund Iii Of Antioch: Encyclopedia Ii - Bohemund Iii Of Antioch - Later Life And Death
In 1190 Bohemund met the remnants of the German contingent arriving on the Third Crusade; Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had died on th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy - Administrative Titles
The vast Byzantine bureaucracy had many titles, and varied more than aristocratic and military titles. In Constantinople there were norma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conrad Of Montferrat: Encyclopedia Ii - Conrad Of Montferrat - Conrad In The Byzantine Empire
In 1179, following the family's alliance with Manuel I Comnenos, Conrad led an army against Frederick Barbarossa's forces, then commanded...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Aristocracy And Bureaucracy - Military Titles
Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Army. Exarchos - The exarchs were governors of remote parts of the empire such as Italy or Afr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Jerusalem - Foundation And Early History
The First Crusade was preached at the Council of Clermont in 1095 by Pope Urban II, with the goal of assisting the Byzantine Empire again...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Myriokephalon: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Myriokephalon - The Battle
At this point Manuel had about 25 000 men, although he may have had as many as 50 000. This included a force from the Principality of Ant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conrad Of Montferrat: Encyclopedia Ii - Conrad Of Montferrat - Conrad In Fiction And Film
The Monferrine court was Occitan in its literary culture, and provided patronage to numerous troubadors. Bertran de Born and Peirol menti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Treaty Of Devol: Encyclopedia Ii - Treaty Of Devol - Background
In 1097, the Crusader armies assembled at Constantinople after having traveled separately eastward through Europe. Alexius I, who had req...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem - Recovery
During the civil war, Nur ad-Din had been busy consolidating his control of Damascus following the death of Mu'in ad-Din. With Syria unit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem - Byzantine Alliance
Baldwin's modest recovery garnered him enough prestige to seek a wife from the Byzantine Empire. In 1157 he sent Humphrey of Toron to neg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem - Civil War
By 1152 Baldwin had been of age to rule by himself for seven years, and he began to assert himself in political affairs. Though he had no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty Restored To Constantinople
List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans. In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem - Second Crusade
In 1148 the crusade finally arrived in Jerusalem, led by Louis VII of France, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Conrad III of Germany. B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Baldwin Iii Of Jerusalem - Personal Characteristics
William of Tyre knew Baldwin personally and gives a lengthy description of the king: "…He was taller than the average man, but his limb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian Dynasty
List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic. Phocas the Tyrant ( ? - 610, ruled 602 - 610) – usurper; betrayed by his son-in-law ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem In The Mid-12th Century
Baldwin II was succeded in 1131 by his daughter Melisende, who ruled jointly with her husband Fulk, the former Count of Anjou. During the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balian Of Ibelin: Encyclopedia Ii - Balian Of Ibelin - Legacy
Balian died in 1193. With Maria he had two sons: John of Ibelin was Lord of Beirut and constable of Jerusalem, and Philip of Ibelin acted...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balian Of Ibelin: Encyclopedia Ii - Balian Of Ibelin - Defense Of Jerusalem
When Balian arrived in the city, the inhabitants begged him to stay, and he was absolved of his oath to Saladin by Patriarch Heraclius, w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balian Of Ibelin: Encyclopedia Ii - Balian Of Ibelin - The Nobles' Faction
The Ibelins were partisans of the nobles' faction in the kingdom, made up of the lower nobility and older families who had lived there fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultanate Of Rüm: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultanate Of Rüm - Downfall
Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II (1237–1246) began his reign by conquering the realm of Amida (Diyarbakir), but in 1239 he had to face an ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Siege Of Edessa: Encyclopedia Ii - Siege Of Edessa - Aftermath
In January of 1145 Zengi captured Saruj and besieged Birejik, but the army of Jerusalem had finally arrived and joined with Joscelin. Zen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - Legacy And Importance
Byzantium was arguably the only stable state in Europe during the Middle Ages. Its expert military and diplomatic power ensured inadverte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - Ancient History
Bosnia has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. In the early Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - Decline And Fall Of The Byzantine Empire
Of all the turbulent events that occurred during its long life, The Fourth Crusade had the most devastating effect on the empire. Althoug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - Underlying Reasons For Decline
Although the three competent Comnenan emperors, especially Manuel, had the power to expel the outnumbered Seljuks, there were a number of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - The Comneni And The Crusaders
After Manzikert, a partial recovery was made possible due to the efforts of the Comnenian dynasty. The first emperor of this royal line, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nur Ad-din: Encyclopedia Ii - Nur Ad-din - Death And Succession
During this time Nur ad-Din was busy in the north, fighting the Ortoqids, and in 1170 he had to settle a dispute between his nephews when...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - Ottoman Era
The arrival of the Ottoman Turks marked a new era in Bosnian history. The Turks created the Province of Bosnia which included sanjaks of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maria Comnena: Encyclopedia Ii - Maria Comnena - Imperial Princess
Maria Comnena (1149-1182) was the eldest daughter of the Emperor Manuel I Comnenus by his first wife, Bertha of Sulzbach. She was known a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nur Ad-din: Encyclopedia Ii - Nur Ad-din - The War Against The Crusaders
See also: Jihad Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - Post-yugoslav Bosnia
Yugoslavia's unraveling was hastened by the rise of ethnic nationalism, as Bosnian Muslims looked to Alija Izetbegović, Serbs to Sloboda...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina - 19th And 20th Century
The Ottoman Empire divided its subjects by religion, rather than nationality, but nationalist movements in Bosnia and Herzegovina and els...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - Golden Era
The Eastern Roman Empire reached its height under the Macedonian emperors of the late 9th, 10th and early 11th centuries. During these ye...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - The Fight For Survival
The Eastern Roman Empire's loss of territory was offset to a degree by consolidation and an increased uniformity of rule. Emperor Heracli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pronoia: Encyclopedia Ii - Pronoia - The Early Pronoia System
By the 11th century, Byzantine aristocrats had ceased to hold any significant power, clinging instead to the honorific titles they held b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pronoia: Encyclopedia Ii - Pronoia - Pronoia Under The Palaeologan Dynasty
After the Crusaders captured Constantinople in 1204, the pronoia system continued in the Empire of Nicaea, where the emperors ruled in ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niš: Encyclopedia Ii - Niš - Local Media
Niš - Newspapers. Narodne Novine Niš - TV stations. TV 5 Banker TV BelleAmie TV TV Nais Global RTV Nisava (Roma language) Čair ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Jerusalem - The Kingdom Of Acre
For the next hundred years, the Kingdom of Jerusalem clung to life as a tiny kingdom hugging the Syrian coastline. Its capital was moved ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nur Ad-din: Encyclopedia Ii - Nur Ad-din - The War Against The Crusaders
See also: Jihad Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Turkish atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Byzantine Empire - The Term Byzantine Empire
Main article: Names of the Greeks The name Byzantine Empire is derived from the original Greek name for Constantinople, Byzantium. The na...   » Read the article