Manuel I Comnenus

The first test of Manuel's reign came in 1144, when he was faced with a demand by Raymond, Prince of Antioch for the cession of Cilician territories. However, later that year the crusader County of Edessa was engulfed by the tide of a resurgent Islamic jihad under Imad ad-Din Atabeg Zengi. With Raymond's eastern flank now dangerously exposed to this new threat, there seemed little option but to prepare for a humiliating visit to Constantinople. Raymond realised that immediate help from the west was out of the question, so swallowing his prid ...

See also:

Manuel I Comnenus, Manuel I Comnenus - Accession to the throne, Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade and Raynald of Chatillon, Manuel I Comnenus - The Italian campaign and Pope Alexander III, Manuel I Comnenus - The Danube frontier: Hungary is defeated Greece flourishes, Manuel I Comnenus - Manuel's invasion of Egypt, Manuel I Comnenus - Kilij Arslan II and the Seljuk Turks, Manuel I Comnenus - Character, Manuel I Comnenus - Assessment, Manuel I Comnenus - Family, Manuel I Comnenus - Sources

Read more here: » Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade and Raynald of Chatillon

The first test of Manuel's reign came in 1144, when he was faced with a demand by Raymond, Prince of Antioch for the cession of Cilician territories. However, later that year the crusader County of Edessa was engulfed by the tide of a resurgent jihad under Imad ad-Din Atabeg Zengi. With Raymond's eastern flank now dangerously exposed to this new threat, there seemed little option but to prepare for a humiliating visit to Constantinople. Raymond realised that immediate help from the west was out of the question, so swallowing his pride he mad ...

See also:

Manuel I Comnenus, Manuel I Comnenus - Accession to the throne, Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade and Raynald of Chatillon, Manuel I Comnenus - The Italian campaign and Pope Alexander III, Manuel I Comnenus - The Danube frontier: Hungary is defeated Greece flourishes, Manuel I Comnenus - Manuel's invasion of Egypt, Manuel I Comnenus - Kilij Arslan II and the Seljuk Turks, Manuel I Comnenus - Character, Manuel I Comnenus - Assessment, Manuel I Comnenus - Family, Manuel I Comnenus - Sources

Read more here: » Manuel I Comnenus: Encyclopedia II - Manuel I Comnenus - The Second Crusade and Raynald of Chatillon

1118 - Events. Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor Gelasius II succeeds Paschal II as pope 1118 - Births. November 28 - Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1180) Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1185) Gualdim Pais, Portuguese Great-Master of the Templars (died 1195) Taira ...

Including:

• 1118 - Events
• 1118 - Births
• 1118 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1118: Encyclopedia - 1118

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

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Bertrand de Blanchefort or Blanquefort (c. 1109-January 2, 1169) was the sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1156 until his death. He was the younger son of Godfrey of Blanchefort, a knight of Aquitaine. He succeeded André de Montbard, and introduced reforms to the Rule of the Order. He obtained from the Pope the right to use the title "Master by the grace of God", and to carry the baton known as the Abacus. During his rule, he fought against Nur ad-Din, and was taken prisoner after King Baldwin III of Jerus ...

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The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of aristocracy and bureaucracy. Most of the offices and titles were honorifics only, as the emperor was the sole ruler. Over the more than 1000 years of the empire's existence, different titles were adopted and discarded, and many lost or gained prestige. At first the various titles of the empire were the same as those in the late Roman Empire, as the Byzantine Empire was not yet distinguished from Rome. By the time of Heraclius in the 7th century many of the titles had become obsolete; by the time o ...

Including:

• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Aristocratic titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Imperial titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Court titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Military titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Army
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Navy
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Other military titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Administrative titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Sources

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William I (d. May 7, 1166) was king of Sicily from 1154 to 1166. He was the fourth son of Roger II and Elvira Alfonso of Castile, and grew up with little expectation of ruling. The deaths of his 3 older brothers between 1138 and 1148 changed matters, though when his father died William was still not well-prepared to take his place. William's title "the Bad" seems little merited and expresses the bias of the historian Falcandus and the baronial class against the king and the official class by whom he was guided. It is obv ...

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The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity (see Edessa). The County of Edessa was different from the other Crusader states in that it was landlocked; it was remote from the other states and was not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the Principality of Antioch; and half of the county, including its capital, was located to the east of the Euphrates and hence far to the east of the others. The part west of ...

Including:

• County of Edessa - Foundation
• County of Edessa - Conflicts with Muslim neighbours
• County of Edessa - Fall of the county
• County of Edessa - Population and demographics
• County of Edessa - Vassals of Edessa
• County of Edessa - Lordship of Turbessel
• County of Edessa - Counts of Edessa 1098-1149

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Constantine Manasses (c. 1130 - c. 1187) was a Byzantine chronicler who flourished in the 12th century during the reign of Manuel I Comnenus (1143-1180). He was the author of a Chronicle or historical synopsis of events from the creation of the world to the end of the reign of Nicephorus Botaniates (1081), written by direction of Irene, the emperors sister-in-law. It consists of about 7000 lines in the so-called political metre. It obtained great popularity and appeared in a free prose translation; it was also translated into Slavonic

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Alexius Comnenus is a name from numerous members of Comnenus family. Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor. Alexius Comnenus (d. 1136), son of Isaakios Comnenus. Alexius Comnenus (d. 1142), son of John II Comnenus. Alexius Comnenus (d. 1170), illegitimate son of Andronicus I Comnenus. Alexius Comnenus (d. 1183), lover of the Empress Maria Komnena and leader of her regency council. Alexius Comnenus (d. 1187), son of Ioannes Komnenos, Duke of Cyprus. Alexius II Comnenus,

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William of Tyre (c. 1130 - 1185) was archbishop of Tyre and an historian of the Crusades and the Middle Ages. William of Tyre - Early life. William was born in Jerusalem around 1130, one of the second generation of children born to the children of the original European Crusaders in the new Kingdom of Jerusalem. His parents were probably French or Italian in origin, possibly Normans from Sicily. He had a brother named Ralph who was probably a merchant in the kingdom, and the family was certainly non-noble. A ...

Including:

• William of Tyre - Early life
• William of Tyre - Religious and political life in Jerusalem
• William of Tyre - Works
• William of Tyre - Sources

Read more here: » William of Tyre: Encyclopedia - William of Tyre

Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόντων (Greek: King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers) The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain s ...

Including:

• Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness
• Byzantine Empire - Origin
• Byzantine Empire - Early history
• Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I
• Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival
• Byzantine Empire - Golden era
• Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders
• Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline
• Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance
• Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire

1176 - Events. May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel I Comnenus at the Battle of Myriokephalon Construction begins on the London Bridge Cathedral in Sens installs first "horologe" Ab ...

Including:

• 1176 - Events
• 1176 - Births
• 1176 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1176: Encyclopedia - 1176

1154 - Events. King Stephen of England dies at Dover, and is succeeded by his adopted son Henry Plantagenet who becomes King Henry II of England, aged 21. Sweden's King Eric introduces Christianity to Finland (see History of Finland). December 14 - Nicholas Breakspear, the only English pope, is elected as Pope Adrian IV, succeding Pope Anastasius IV. A chateau is built at Chinon by Theobald I, count of Blois. William I becomes king of Sicily. Nur ad-Din gains con ...

Including:

• 1154 - Events
• 1154 - Births
• 1154 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1154: Encyclopedia - 1154

1144 - Events. Louis VII capitulates to Pope Celestine II and so earns the pope's absolution Pope Celestine II is succeeded by Pope Lucius II December 24 - County of Edessa falls to Zengi (see Siege of Edessa) Montauban, France, is founded First recorded example of an anti-Semitic blood libel in England Normandy comes under Angevin control under Geoffrey of Anjou First recorded mention of Ljubljana, Slovenia Arnold of Brescia founds revolutionar ...

Including:

• 1144 - Events
• 1144 - Births
• 1144 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1144: Encyclopedia - 1144

1120 - Events. Welcher of Malvern creates a system of measurement for the earth using degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude. Construction begins on Llandaff Cathedral in Wales November 25 - Wreck of the White Ship in the English Channel 1120 - Births. November 28 - Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1180) Ioveta of Bethany, daughter of Baldwin II of Jerusalem Louis VII of France (died 1180) Including:

• 1120 - Events
• 1120 - Births
• 1120 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1120: Encyclopedia - 1120

1180 - Events. April 13 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter November 18 - Philip II becomes King of France During the third year of the Jisho era of Japan, a devastating whirlwind damages Kyoto. Emperor Antoku succeeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon Artois is annexed by France Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between Taira and Minamoto ...

Including:

• 1180 - Events
• 1180 - Births
• 1180 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1180: Encyclopedia - 1180

1153 - Events. January 6 - Henry of Anjou arrives in England. May 24 - Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland. July 9 - Anastasius IV becomes pope. November 6 - Treaty of Winchester. Theobald of Bec reconciles Stephen of England and Matilda, ending "The Anarchy" and allowing Matilda's son Henry of Anjou to succeed as king (in 1154). The Angevin dynasty takes control of Gascony and Guyenne. Andronicus Comnenus is imprisoned for conspiring against Byzantine emperor Ma ...

Including:

• 1153 - Events
• 1153 - Births
• 1153 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1153: Encyclopedia - 1153

On December 25, 1000 (other sources: January 1, 1001), the Grand Prince Stephen was crowned (the first) King of Hungary (1000–1038) by order of Pope Sylvester II. Between 997 and c. 1006, he managed to unify Hungary, by subjugating Transylvania and other domains that had been ruled by Hungarian tribal chieftains. He introduced the county (comitatus) system, founded an ecclesiastic organization with ten bishoprics and the archbishopric of Esztergom, and introduced taxes for common people, the minting of coins (initially in Bratislava), and the official use of Latin, which remained the official language of Hungary till 1836. He moved his ...

See also:

Árpáds, Árpáds - 10th century, Árpáds - 11th century, Árpáds - 12th century, Árpáds - 13th century

Read more here: » Árpáds: Encyclopedia II - Árpáds - 11th century

Stefan Nemanja was born in today's Montenegro. His rise to power began somewhere around 1166 when he rebelled against his older brother Tihomir who was the Byzantine vassal. In 1170 Nemanja defeated Tihomir at battle of Pantino. In 1172 he submitted to Emperor Manuel and was taken to Constantinople as prisoner. On his return he acted loyally towards Byzantine Empire. This however did not last following the death of Manuel in 1180, after which he took advantage of the Byzantine Empire internal problems and a more favorable internationa ...

See also:

Stefan Nemanja, Stefan Nemanja - Stefan Nemanja 1166-1199, Stefan Nemanja - Abdication & Later Life, Stefan Nemanja - Marriage & Descendants, Stefan Nemanja - Source

Read more here: » Stefan Nemanja: Encyclopedia II - Stefan Nemanja - Stefan Nemanja 1166-1199