Encyclopedia - Sultanate Of Rüm: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultanate Of Rüm - Establishment
In the 1070s, Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish, a distant cousin of Malik Shah, the ruler of Great Seljuk, rose to power in western Anatolia. In 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultan: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultan - Muslim Monarch Ruling Under The Terms Of Shariah
The title carries moral weight and religious authority, as the ruler's role was defined in the Qur'an. The sultan however was not a relig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultan: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultan - Former Sultans And Sultanates
Sultan - Middle Eastern & Central Asia. Ghaznavid Sultanate Sultans of Great Seljuk Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm Sultans of the Ottoma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1086: Encyclopedia - 1086
1086 - Events. Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultan: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultan - Princely And Aristocratic Titles
In the Ottoman dynastic system, every close relative, male and female, of the ruling Padishah (in the west also known as Great Sultan), w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultan: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultan - Military Rank
In a number of post-caliphal states under Mongol of Turkic rule, there was a feudal type of military hierarchy, often decimal (mainly in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sultan: Encyclopedia Ii - Sultan - Muslim Monarch Ruling Under The Terms Of Shariah
The title carries moral weight and religious authority, as the ruler's role was defined in the Qur'an. The sultan however was not a relig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alp Arslan: Encyclopedia - Alp Arslan
Muhammed ben Da'ud (1029–December 15, 1072) was the second sultan of the dynasty of Seljuk Turks, in Persia, and great-grandson of Selj...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vizier: Encyclopedia - Vizier
A Vizier (وزير, sometimes also spelled Vizir, Wasir, Wazir, Wesir, Wezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many oriental lang...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Rulers After The Advent Of Islam In Iran
List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule. All Persian provinces fell under The Arabic Caliphate from 661 to 867. Umayyad dynasty, 6...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islamic Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Astronomy - Observatories
The first systematic observations in Islam are reported to have taken place under the patronage of al-Mamun. Here, and in many other priv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan City: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan City - History
Isfahan city - Prehistory. History of Isfahan can be traced back to the Palaeolithic period. In recent Archaeological discoveries, arch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zengi: Encyclopedia Ii - Zengi - Zengi Against Damascus
Zengi became atabeg of Mosul in 1127, and of Aleppo in 1128, uniting the two cities under his personal rule, and was formally invested as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kashan: Encyclopedia Ii - Kashan - History
Archeological discoveries in the Sialk Hillocks which lie 2.5 Miles (4 km) west of Kashan reveal that this region was one of the primary ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vizier: Encyclopedia Ii - Vizier - Historical Titles
In pre-Islamic Persia the vichir (Middle-Persian for Vizier), was a minister to the Shah. This word has been borrowed from Persian into A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alp Arslan: Encyclopedia Ii - Alp Arslan - Byzantine Struggle
In 1068 Alp Arslan invaded the Byzantine Empire. The emperor Romanus IV Diogenes, assuming the command in person, met the invaders in Cil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - First Crusade - Chronological Sequence Of The Crusade
First Crusade - The Council of Clermont. Main article: Council of Clermont In March of 1095 Alexius I sent envoys to the Council of Pia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alp Arslan: Encyclopedia Ii - Alp Arslan - Death
The dominion of Alp Arslan after Manzikert extended over much of western Asia. He soon prepared to march to the conquest of Turkestan, th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islamic Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Astronomy - Celestial Passages In The Quran
Some Muslims quote verses from the Quran that show God encourages people, Muslims and non-Muslims alike, to engage in astronomy, in order...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - First Crusade - Background
The origins of the Crusades in general, and of the First Crusade in particular, stem from events earlier in the Middle Ages. The breakdow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islamic Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Astronomy - Instruments
Our knowledge of the instruments used by muslim astronomers primarily comes from two sources. First the remaining instruments in private ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Sassanid Dynasty Ad 224–651
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Encyclopedia - Zengi: Encyclopedia Ii - Zengi - Legacy
He was the founder of the eponymous Zengid dynasty. In Mosul he was succeeded by his eldest son Saif ad-Din Ghazi I and in Aleppo he was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zengi: Encyclopedia Ii - Zengi - Conflict With The Crusaders And Byzantines
In 1137 Zengi besieged Hims again but Mu'in ad-Din successfully defended it; in response to Zengi's renewed attacked, Damascus allied wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Shahs Of Modern Iran
The modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1502 after the Safavid Dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Early Realms In Iran
List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC. The Elamites were a people located in Susa, in what is now Khuzestan province....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - First Crusade - Analysis Of The First Crusade
First Crusade - Aftermath. The success of the First Crusade was unprecedented. Newly achieved stability in the west left a warrior aris...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kashan: Encyclopedia Ii - Kashan - Kashan Today
Although extremely wealthy in terms of tourism potentials, the city remains largely undeveloped in this sector. Nevertheless Kashan is in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan City: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan City - Isfahan Today
Today Isfahan, the third largest city in Iran, produces fine carpets, textiles, steel, and handicrafts. Isfahan also has nuclear experime...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan City: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan City - Culture
Isfahan city - Architecture of Isfahan. The architecture of Isfahan is made up of eight traditional forms which taken together form the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vizier: Encyclopedia Ii - Vizier - Art
In contemporary literature and pantomime, the "Grand Vizier" is a character stereotype and is usually portrayed as a scheming backroom pl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kashan: Encyclopedia Ii - Kashan - Kashan's Architectural Heritage
Among Kashan's architectural masterpieces are: The Agha Bozorg mosque and its "sunken" courtyard. 1700s. Tomb of Abu-Lu'lu'ah is not far...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Early Realms In Iran
List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC. of the Persian/Median empire that later appeared. Some have offered evidence f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Sassanid Dynasty Ad 224–651
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Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Hellenistic Rulers
List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC. Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) (330 BC–323) Philip III Arrihadeus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Kings Of Persia: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Kings Of Persia - Empire Of Medians And Persians
List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC. Deioces, 728–675 Phraortes, 675–653 Madius the Scythian, 653–625 Cyaxares...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan City: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan City - Geography
The city is geographically located at 32°38′N 51°29′E, in the lush Zayandeh-Rud plain, at the foothills of the Zagros mountain rang...   » Read the article