He explained the name he chose by saying, "To take one's 'X' is to take on a certain mystery, a certain possibility of power in the eyes of one's peers and one's enemies ... The 'X'; announced what you had been and what you had become: Ex-smoker, Ex-drinker, Ex-Christian, Ex-slave." The 'X' also stood for the unknown original surname of the slaves from whom Malcolm X descended, in preference to continuing to use a name which would have been given by the slave owner. This rationale made many members of the Nation o ...

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Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Name

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Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Death and aftermath, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Name

The Autobiography of Malcolm X (ISBN 0345350685) was written by Alex Haley between 1964 and 1965, based on interviews conducted shortly before Malcolm's assassination (with an epilogue written after it), and was published in 1965. The book was named by Time magazine as one of the 10 most important nonfiction books of the 20th century. "...belongs on the small shelf of great autobiographies", according to Wendy Smith of Amazon.com. Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements ISBN 0802132138 edited by George Breitman. These speeches made during the last eight months of Malcolm ...

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Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches

Malcolm X, (born Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) also known as Detroit Red, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and Omowale, was a longtime spokesman for the Nation of Islam. He was also founder of the Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity. During his life, Malcolm went from being a street-wise Boston hoodlum to one of the most prominent black nationalist leaders in the United States. As a militant leader, Malcolm X advocated black pride, economic self-reliance, and identi ...

Including:

Malcolm X - Name Malcolm X - Birth and early years Malcolm X - Prison Malcolm X - Nation of Islam Malcolm X - Marriage Malcolm X - Hajj Malcolm X - A Changed Man Malcolm X - Africa Malcolm X - Death and aftermath Malcolm X - Funeral Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia - Malcolm X

The Audubon Ballroom in New York, became famous on February 21, 1965, when three gunmen rushed onstage. They pulled out their weapons and shot black nationalist leader Malcolm X 15 times at close range. The 39-year-old was pronounced dead on arrival at New York's Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. Forty years later, on February 21, 2005, the Audubon Ballroom announced plans to transform its historic yet sorrow-filled building into a tributary educational center in honor of Malcolm X, to be named the Malcolm ...

Read more here: » Audubon Ballroom: Encyclopedia - Audubon Ballroom

Hajj Bahiyah Betty Shabazz (born Betty Jean Sanders) (May 28, 1936 – June 23, 1997), also known as Betty X, was the widow of the late Malcolm X. Betty Shabazz - Background. There is an air of uncertainty about Betty Shabazz's background and early life. Shabazz was born in Detroit, Michigan as Betty Sanders. She is reportedly the daughter of Shelman Sandlin and a woman named Sanders. Shabazz was an illegitimate child and had scattered childhood. Young Betty Shabazz was taken in by foster pare ...

Including:

Betty Shabazz - Background Betty Shabazz - Early years
Betty Shabazz - Marriage Betty Shabazz - Assassination Betty Shabazz - Life after Malcolm X's assassination
Betty Shabazz - Middle years Betty Shabazz - Later years Betty Shabazz - Death Betty Shabazz - Footnotes

Read more here: » Betty Shabazz: Encyclopedia - Betty Shabazz

The Black Legion was an offshoot organization of the Ku Klux Klan and operated in the midwestern United States in the 1930's. The organization was founded by William Shepard. [1] The group's total membership was estimated between 20,000 and 30,000, centered in Detroit, Michigan. The Black Legion was also the name of a 1937 Humphrey Bogart film, featuring a fictionalized version of the group. Members wore black uniforms with skull and crossbones insignia and were allegedly responsible for numerous murders of alleged communists and socialists, notably Earl Little, Malcolm X's fath ...

Including:

Black Legion political movement - External link

Read more here: » Black Legion political movement: Encyclopedia - Black Legion political movement

Clarence 13X, born Clarence Smith (February 22, 1928–1969) in Danville, Virginia is considered the founder of The Nation of Gods and Earths, and is referred to by members of that group as "Allah." After serving in the Korean War, Clarence joined the Nation of Islam after learning that his wife had converted to the group. He became a member at Temple Number 7 in Harlem, New York where Malcolm X was a minister. (The 13X indicates that he would have been the 13th person named Clarence to join that temple.) Clarence would be well ...

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Others in public life have adopted pseudonyms for many reasons. In the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, it was established practice for political articles to be signed with pseudonyms, the most famous American example being the pen name Publius, used by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, in writing The Federalist Papers. Malcolm X, the civil rights campaigner, (born Malcolm Little), adopted the 'X' to represent his unknown African ancestral name. Many Jewish politicians re-adopted Hebrew family names ...

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Pseudonym, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in print, Pseudonym - Regnal name, Pseudonym - Nom de guerre, Pseudonym - The origin of nom de guerre, Pseudonym - Radio, Pseudonym - Computers, Pseudonym - Pseudonyms in entertainment, Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

Read more here: » Pseudonym: Encyclopedia II - Pseudonym - Other pseudonyms

Last name is pronounced "Duh-noff-ree-o". D'Onofrio portrayed Orson Welles in the Tim Burton movie Ed Wood. Burton disliked D'Onofrio's vocal impression of Welles, so Burton overdubbed a digital combination of D'Onofrio's voice and the voice of Maurice LaMarche, a voice actor particularly noted for his impression of Orson Welles. He played the same character, Bill Newman, an eyewitness to John F. Kennedy's murder, in two unrelated films: JFK and Malcolm X. ...

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Vincent D'Onofrio, Vincent D'Onofrio - Personal life, Vincent D'Onofrio - Trivia, Vincent D'Onofrio - Film and television credits, Vincent D'Onofrio - Television including notable guest appearances

Read more here: » Vincent D'Onofrio: Encyclopedia II - Vincent D'Onofrio - Trivia

The party was created to further the revolutionary movement for black liberation, which had been growing steadily throughout the sixties thanks to the prominent civil rights movement, and the work of people like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.. The party rejected the integrationist stance of King, and made it clear from the beginning that it sought no compromise with the "white power structure". The party similarly rejected King's 'nonviolent' creed, and specifically chose to organize around a platform of self-defense (which became part of the party's original ...

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Black Panther Party, Black Panther Party - Formation and foundations, Black Panther Party - Origin of the name, Black Panther Party - Ten-Point Program and Platform, Black Panther Party - Theory, Black Panther Party - Action, Black Panther Party - Self-defense, Black Panther Party - Survival programs, Black Panther Party - Political activities, Black Panther Party - COINTELPRO & conflict with law enforcement, Black Panther Party - Political and Legal Support, Black Panther Party - Decay and disintegration, Black Panther Party - Famous Black Panther Party members

Read more here: » Black Panther Party: Encyclopedia II - Black Panther Party - Theory

The organization was founded by Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale, and Richard Aoki in 1966, in the city of Oakland, California. The party was created to further the revolutionary movement for black liberation, which had been growing steadily throughout the sixties thanks to the prominent civil rights movement, and the work of people like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.. The party rejected the integrationist stance of King, and made it clear from the beginning that it sought no compromise with the "white power structure". The party similarly ...

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Black Panther Party, Black Panther Party - Formation and influences, Black Panther Party - Origin of the name, Black Panther Party - Ten-Point Program and Platform, Black Panther Party - Police brutality, Black Panther Party - Serve the People programs, Black Panther Party - Self-defense, Black Panther Party - Political activities, Black Panther Party - COINTELPRO & conflict with law enforcement, Black Panther Party - Political and Legal Support, Black Panther Party - Decay and disintegration, Black Panther Party - Famous Black Panther Party members

Read more here: » Black Panther Party: Encyclopedia II - Black Panther Party - Formation and influences

With the death of Malcolm X in 1965, the Black Panther Party was founded with an aim toward furthering the revolutionary movement for black liberation on a mass basis. The party rejected the integrationist stance of King, and made it clear from the beginning that it sought no compromise with the white power structure. Black Panther Party - Marxist Leninism. As a Marxist-Leninist party, the Black Panthers focused their rhetoric on revolutionary class struggle. However, the party did not fully agree with Kar ...

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Black Panther Party, Black Panther Party - Formation and influences, Black Panther Party - Origin of the name, Black Panther Party - Ten-Point Program and Platform, Black Panther Party - Theory, Black Panther Party - Marxist Leninism, Black Panther Party - Nationalism internationalism and intercommunalism, Black Panther Party - Action, Black Panther Party - Self-defense, Black Panther Party - Survival programs, Black Panther Party - Political activities, Black Panther Party - COINTELPRO & conflict with law enforcement, Black Panther Party - Political and Legal Support, Black Panther Party - Decay and disintegration, Black Panther Party - Famous Black Panther Party members, Black Panther Party - Groups and Trends, Black Panther Party - Events

Read more here: » Black Panther Party: Encyclopedia II - Black Panther Party - Theory

Definition and meaning of Malcolm X:

X, Malcolm

Black Muslim Malcolm X was a militant advocate of black separatism until 1964. He was assassinated in 1965.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

In 1958 Malcolm married Betty X (née Sanders) in Lansing, Michigan. They had six daughters together, all of whom carried the surname of Shabazz: Attillah, born in 1958; Qubilah born in 1960; Ilyasah born in 1962; Gumilah born in 1964 and twins, Malaak and Malikah, who were born after Malcolm's death in 1965. As Malcolm worked tirelessly for the Nation of Islam, he was increasingly exposed to rumours of Elijah Muhammad's extra-marital affairs with young secretaries. Adultery is severely shunned in the teachings of the Nation of Islam. ...

See also:

Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Death and aftermath, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Marriage

In 1952, after his release from prison, Malcolm went to meet Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. Malcolm couldn't receive his African last name "X" yet because he simply hadn't had enough insight, study, and understanding of the Muslim religion. The "X" is meant to symbolize the rejection of his "slave-name" and the absence of a proper African Muslim name. The "X" is also both a reference to the name given to the slaves by the Anglo-European slave owners, unwilling to learn their African names; and is also the brand ...

See also:

Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Nation of Islam

In 1964, Life magazine published a famous photograph of Malcolm X holding an M1 Carbine and pulling back the curtains to peer out of a window. This photograph is a popular image on T-shirts and often appears with the slogan "By any means necessary." The photo was taken in connection with Malcolm's declaration that he would defend himself from the daily death threats which he and his family were receiving. The undercover FBI informants warned officials that Malcolm X had been marked for assassination. One officer undercover with the Nation of Islam is said to have reported that he had been ord ...

See also:

Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Assassination

In 1958 Malcolm married Betty X (née Sanders) in Lansing, Michigan. They had six daughters together, all of whom carried the surname of Shabazz: Attallah (also spelled Attillah), born in 1958; Qubilah, born in 1960; Ilyasah, born in 1962; Gamilah (also spelled Gumilah), born in 1964; and twins, Malaak and Malikah, born after Malcolm's death in 1965. As Malcolm worked tirelessly for the Nation of Islam, he was increasingly exposed to rumours of Elijah Muhammad's extramarital affairs with young secretaries. Adultery is severely shunned ...

See also:

Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Marriage

Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska to Earl Little and Louise Little (née Norton). His father, an outspoken Baptist lay preacher and supporter of Marcus Garvey, was believed to have been killed by the Black Legion, a white supremacist group in Lansing, Michigan in 1931. Malcolm and his siblings had been split up and sent to different foster homes when Louise Little was declared legally insane. In 1939, she was formally committed to the State Mental Hospital at Kalamazoo, Michigan, and remained there until Malcolm and his brothers a ...

See also:

Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Birth and early years

By the summer of 1963, tension in the Nation of Islam reached boiling point. Malcolm believed that Elijah Muhammad was jealous of his popularity (as were several senior ministers). Malcolm watched the March on Washington critically, unable to understand why black people were excited over a demonstration "run by whites in front of a statue of a president who has been dead for a hundred years and who didn't like us when he was alive." Later in the year, following the John F. Kennedy assassination, Malcolm delivered a speech as he regula ...

See also:

Malcolm X, Malcolm X - Name, Malcolm X - Birth and early years, Malcolm X - Prison, Malcolm X - Nation of Islam, Malcolm X - Marriage, Malcolm X - Tensions, Malcolm X - Hajj, Malcolm X - A Changed Man, Malcolm X - Africa, Malcolm X - Assassination, Malcolm X - Funeral, Malcolm X - Biographies and speeches, Malcolm X - Media files, Malcolm X - Notes

Read more here: » Malcolm X: Encyclopedia II - Malcolm X - Tensions