A Wisdom Archive on Magnet

In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. Magnetism - Magnetic materials. Some well known materials that exhibit easily detectable magnetic properties are iron, some steels, and the mineral lodestone; however, all materials are influenced to one degree or another by the presence of a magnetic field, although in most cases the influence is too small to detect without special equipment.

Magnetism - Electromagnets. Electromagnets are useful in cases where a magnet must be switched on or off; for instance, large cranes to lift junked automobiles. For the case of electric current moving through a wire, the resulting field is directed according to the "right hand rule." If the right hand is used as a model, and the thumb of the right hand points along the wire from positive towards the negative side ("conventional current", the reverse of the direction of actual movement of electrons), then t ...

Read more here: » Magnetism: Encyclopedia II - Magnetism - Types of magnets

Naturally occurring manganese is composed of 1 stable isotope; 55-Mn. 18 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 53-Mn with a half-life of 3.7 million years, 54-Mn with a half-life of 312.3 days, and 52-Mn with a half-life of 5.591 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have half lives that are less than 1 minute ...

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Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. Steelmaking, including its ironmaking component, has accounted for most manganese demand, presently in the range of 85% to 90% of the total demand. Among a variety of other uses, manganese is a key component of low-cost stainless steel formulations and certain widely used aluminium alloys. It is also added to gasoline in order to reduce engine knocking. Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) is used in the original type ...

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Manganese is a gray-white metal, resembling iron. It is a hard metal and is very brittle, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized. Manganese metal is ferromagnetic only after special treatment. The most common oxidation states of manganese are +2, +3, +4, +6 and +7, though oxidation states from +1 to +7 are observed. Mn2+ often competes with Mg2+ in biological systems, and manganese compounds where manganese is ...

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Manganese (Latin magnes, meaning "magnet") was in use in prehistoric times; paints that were pigmented with manganese dioxide can be traced back 17,000 years. The Egyptians and Romans used manganese compounds in glass-making, to either remove color from glass or add color to it. Manganese can be found in the iron ores used by the Spartans. Some speculate that the exceptional hardness of Spartan steels derives from the inadvertent p ...

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Manganese in excess is toxic. Exposure to manganese dusts and fumes should not exceed the ceiling value of 5 mg/m3 for even short periods because of its toxicity level. Acidic permanganate solutions will oxidize any organic material they come into contact with. The oxidation process can generate enough heat to ignite some organic substances. In 2005, a study suggested a possible link between manganese inhalation and central nervous system toxicity in rats. It is hypothesized that long-term exposure to the naturally-occurring manganese in shower water ...

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Mag is the short form of several words: Magnum, stemming from the latin word for large Magnet Magnification, in optical devices Magneto, an engine component (typically in the context of aviation) Magnesium-Alloy wheels, commonly called 'Mags' Mines Advisory Group, a non-governmental organization (NGO) concerned with removal of debris of war (landmines, UXO etc) Magnesium float, a tool used in construction to smooth concrete

Manganese occurs principally as pyrolusite (MnO2), and to a lesser extent as rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Land-based resources are large but irregularly distributed; those of the United States are very low grade and have potentially high extraction costs. South Africa and Ukraine account for more than 80% of the world's identified resources; South Africa accounts for more than 80% of t ...

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Potassium permanganate, also called Condy's crystals, is a commonly used laboratory reagent because of its oxidizing properties and finds use as a topical medicine (for example, in the treatment of fish diseases). Manganese(IV) oxide (manganese dioxide) is used in dry cells, and can be used to decolorize glass that is polluted by trace amounts of iron. Manganese compounds can color glass an amethyst color, and are responsible for the color of true amethyst. Manganese dioxide is also used in the manufacture of oxygen an ...

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Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. The classes of enzymes that have manganese cofactors are very broad and include such classes as oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases, lectins, and integrins. The best known manganese-containing polypeptides may be arginase, Mn-containing superoxide dismutase, and the diphtheria toxin. ...

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The physical cause of the magnetism of objects, as distinct from electrical currents, is the atomic magnetic dipole. Magnetic dipoles, or magnetic moments, result on the atomic scale from the two kinds of movement of electrons. The first is the orbital motion of the electron around the nucleus; this motion can be considered as a current loop, resulting in an orbital dipole magnetic moment along the axis of the nucleus. The second, much stronger, source of electronic magnetic moment is due to a quantum mechanical property called the spin dipole magnetic moment (although current quantum mechanical theory states that elect ...

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The Bee Gees were a British band, formed in Australia. They are one of the most successful musical acts of all time. The Brothers Gibb, consisting of frequent lead vocalist Barry Gibb, and the twins, co-lead vocalist Robin Gibb, and keyboardist/guitarist Maurice Gibb, were born in the Isle of Man in the 1940s. Bee Gees - Early history. The Gibb brothers were born on the Isle of Man to English parents in 1946 (Barry, born Barry Alan Crompton Gibb, September 1) and 1949 (non-identical twins Robin and M ... Including:

• Bee Gees - Early history
• Bee Gees - 1960s in England
• Bee Gees - 1970s: Saturday Night Fever
• Bee Gees - 1980s and 1990s
• Bee Gees - Later years
• Bee Gees - Current news
• Bee Gees - Awards and success
• Bee Gees - Albums
• Bee Gees - Band
• Bee Gees - Parodies of the Bee Gees

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Managanese is much too reactive to be found in nature in the uncombined state. However, compounds of manganese are so abundant that the element ranks ninth in abundance among metallic elements in the Earth's crust. By mass, manganese constitutes about 0.11 percent of the earth's crust. However, to be profitably mined, manganese ores must have a content of at least 25 percent manganese. Manganese occurs principally as pyrolusite (MnO2), and to a lesser extent as rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Land-based resources are larg ...

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Normally, magnetic fields are seen as dipoles, having a "South pole" and a "North pole"; terms dating back to the use of magnets as compasses, interacting with the Earth's magnetic field to indicate North and South on the globe. A magnetic field contains energy, and physical systems stabilize into the configuration with the lowest energy. Therefore, when placed in a magnetic field, a magnetic dipole tends to align itself in opposed polarity to that field, thereby canceling the net field strength as much as possible and lowering ...

Read more here: » Magnetism: Encyclopedia II - Magnetism - Magnetic dipoles .

Zoo Tycoon is a simulation computer game developed by Blue Fang Games and released by Microsoft Game Studios. In line with other games published under the diverse Tycoon series, Zoo Tycoon places the player in the role of a manager, this time tasked with building a financially successful zoo. Zoo Tycoon - Overview. From the beginning, the player is presented with an isometric view of an empty lot. Using a variety of tools at his or her disposal, the player builds exhibits and tweaks designs, creating custom ... Including:

• Zoo Tycoon - Overview
• Zoo Tycoon - Success and expansion
• Zoo Tycoon - Animals

Read more here: » Zoo Tycoon: Encyclopedia - Zoo Tycoon