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Lucena | A Wisdom Archive on Lucena | | Lucena A selection of articles related to Lucena | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Lucena | | | |  Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858The history of the Jews henceforth in Spain is that of the Maranos, whose numbers, as has been shown, had been increased by no less than 50,000 during the period of expulsion. As Spain got possession of the New World, the Maranos attempted to find a refuge from the Inquisition in both the East and the West Indies, where they often came in contact with relatives who had remained true to their faith, or had become reconverted in Holland or elsewhere. These formed business alliances with their relatives remaining in Spain, so that a large porti ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858 |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492 The year 1391 forms a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews. The persecution was the immediate forerunner of the Inquisition, which, ninety years later, was introduced as a means of watching the converted Jews. The number of those who had pretended to embrace Christianity in order to escape death was very large; Jews of Baena, Montoro, Baeza, Ubeda, Andujar, Talavera, Maqueda, Huete, and Molina, and especially of Saragossa, Barbastro, Calatayud, Huesca, and Manresa, had submitted to baptism. Among those baptized were several wealt ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492 |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391 In the beginning of the fourteenth century the position of Jews became precarious throughout Spain as anti-semitism increased many Jews emigrated from Castile and from Aragon. It was not until the reigns of Alfonso IV. and Pedro IV. of Aragon, and of the young and active Alfonso XI. of Castile (1325), that an improvement set in. Pedro I., the son and successor of Alfonso XI. , was favorably disposed toward the Jews, who under him reached the zenith of their influence. For this reason the king was called "the heretic"; he was often called "th ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391 |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711 Barbaric invasions brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Visigothic rule by the early fifth century. Other than in their contempt for Catholics, who reminded them of the Romans, the Visigoths did not generally take much of an interest in the religious creeds within their kingdom. It wasn't until 506, when Alaric II (484-507) published his Brevarium Alaricianum (wherein he adopted the ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711 |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300
History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085.
Christian princes, the counts of Castile and the first kings of Leon, treated the Jews as mercilessly as did the Almohades. In their operations against the Moors they did not spare the Jews, destroying their synagogues and killing their teachers and scholars. Only gradually did the rulers come to realize that, surrounded as they were by powerful enemies, they could not afford to turn the Jews against them. Garcia Fernandez, Count of Castile, in the fuero of Cast ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300 |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858- When Spain got a new Constitution in 1868, Jews once again were permitted to tread once more upon Spanish soil, but the edict of expulsion was not repealed until 1968. Small numbers of Jews started to arrive in Spain in the 19th century, and synagogues were opened in Madrid and Barcelona. The Jews of Morocco, where the initial welcome had turned to oppression as centuries passed by, had welcomed the Spanish troops conquering Spanish Morocco as their liberators. Spanish historians started to interest about the Sephardi and their Spanish dialect.
The government of Miguel Pri ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858- |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land Judah ha-Levi does not seem to have been contented in Toledo; for he re-moved to the Muslim city of Córdoba. Even here, he did not feel at ease. Though personally he occupied an honored position as a physician, he felt the intolerance of the Almoravid fanatics toward his co-religionists, his "people". He had long yearned for a new, or rather for the old, home—for the Holy Land. This yearning was deepened by his intense application to his religio-philosophical work, and by his resulting clearer insight into Judaism; and at length he decide ...
See also:Yehuda Halevi, Yehuda Halevi - Youth, Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land, Yehuda Halevi - His work, Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Love songs, Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism, Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry, Yehuda Halevi - As a philosopher, Yehuda Halevi - Ha-Levi’s legacy Read more here: » Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE Image:Hispania.jpgSome associate the country of Tarshish, as mentioned in the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, I Kings, and Jonah, with a locale in southern Spain. In generally describing Tyre's empire from west to east, Tarshish is listed first (Ezekiel 27.12-14), and in Jonah 1.3 it is the place to which Jonah sought to flee from the Lord; evidently it represents the westernmost place to which one could sail. If Tarshish was indeed Spain, Jewish contact with Iberia may date back to the ti ...
See also:History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE, History of the Jews in Spain - Under the Visigoths 5th Century-711, History of the Jews in Spain - Moorish Spain and the Golden Age 711-12th Century, History of the Jews in Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085, History of the Jews in Spain - Toleration and Jewish immigration 1085-1212, History of the Jews in Spain - Turning point 1212-1300, History of the Jews in Spain - The Jewish community in 1300, History of the Jews in Spain - Official persecution and massacres 1300-1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Massacres of 1366., History of the Jews in Spain - Anti-Jewish Enactments, History of the Jews in Spain - The Massacre of 1391, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced Conversions and the New Christians 1391-1492, History of the Jews in Spain - Forced conversions, History of the Jews in Spain - Hatred of the New Christians, History of the Jews in Spain - Edict of Expulsion, History of the Jews in Spain - Number of the Exiles, History of the Jews in Spain - Marranos 1492-1858, History of the Jews in Spain - Modern times 1858-, History of the Jews in Spain - External link Read more here: » History of the Jews in Spain: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Spain - Early History Before 300 CE |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry The remarkable, and apparently in-dissoluble, union of religion, nationalism, and patriotism, which were so characteristic of post-exilic Judaism, reached its acme in Judah ha-Levi and his poetry. Yet this very union, in one so consistent as Judah, demanded the fulfillment of the supreme politico-religious ideal of medieval Judaism—the "return to Jerusalem". Though his impassioned call to his contemporaries to return to "Zion" might be received with indifference, or even with mockery (Luzzatto, l.c. No. 86); his own decision to go to Jerus ...
See also:Yehuda Halevi, Yehuda Halevi - Youth, Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land, Yehuda Halevi - His work, Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Love songs, Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism, Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry, Yehuda Halevi - As a philosopher, Yehuda Halevi - Ha-Levi’s legacy Read more here: » Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry After living a life devoted to worldly pleasures, ha-Levi was to experience a kind of "awakening"; a shock, that changed his outlook on the world. Like a type of "conversion" experience, he turned from the frivolous life of pleasure, and his poetry turned to religious themes.
It seems that his profound experience was the consequence of his sensitivity to the events of history that were unfolding around him. He lived during the first crusade, and other wars. There was a new kind of religio-political fanaticism emerging in the Christian ...
See also:Yehuda Halevi, Yehuda Halevi - Youth, Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land, Yehuda Halevi - His work, Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Love songs, Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism, Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry, Yehuda Halevi - As a philosopher, Yehuda Halevi - Ha-Levi’s legacy Read more here: » Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Love songs Joyous, careless youth, and merry, happy delight in life find their expression in his love-songs. Many of these are epithalamia; and are characterized by a brilliant near-eastern coloring, as well as by a chaste reserve. In Egypt, where the muse of his youth found a glorious "Indian summer" in the circle of his friends, he wrote his "swan-song":(Geiger, l.c. p. 168.)
"Wondrous is this land to see, With perfume its meadows laden, But more fair than all to me Is yon slender, gentle maiden. Ah, Time's swift flight I fain would stay, Forgetting that my locks are gray."
Drinking-songs and enigma ...
See also:Yehuda Halevi, Yehuda Halevi - Youth, Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land, Yehuda Halevi - His work, Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Love songs, Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism, Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry, Yehuda Halevi - As a philosopher, Yehuda Halevi - Ha-Levi’s legacy Read more here: » Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Love songs |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry The first place in his secular or non-liturgical poetry is occupied by poems of friendship and eulogy. Judah must have possessed an attractive personality; for there gathered about him as friends, even in his earliest youth, a large number of illustrious men, like Levi al-Ṭabban of Saragossa, the aged poet Judah ben Abun, Judah ibn Ghayyat of Granada, Moses ibn Ezra and his brothers Judah, Joseph, and Isaac, the vizier Abu al-Ḥasan, Meïr ibn Kamnial, the physician and poet Solomon ben Mu'allam of Seville, and Samuel ha-Nagid of Malaga, besides his ...
See also:Yehuda Halevi, Yehuda Halevi - Youth, Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land, Yehuda Halevi - His work, Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Love songs, Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism, Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry, Yehuda Halevi - As a philosopher, Yehuda Halevi - Ha-Levi’s legacy Read more here: » Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry |
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| | | | | Lucena: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry The poems of Judah ha-Levi, which have been adopted into the liturgy, number (in all) more than 300. The longest, and most comprehensive poem is a "Kedushshah," which summons all the universe to praise God with rejoicing, and which terminates, curiously enough, in Ps. ciii. These poems were carried to all lands, even as far as India (Zunz, "Ritus," p. 57); and they influenced the rituals of the most distant countries. Even the Karaites incorporated some of them into their prayer-book; so that there is scarcely a synagogue in which Judah's so ...
See also:Yehuda Halevi, Yehuda Halevi - Youth, Yehuda Halevi - Journey to the Holy Land, Yehuda Halevi - His work, Yehuda Halevi - Secular poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Love songs, Yehuda Halevi - Religious poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Patriotism, Yehuda Halevi - Analysis of his poetry, Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry, Yehuda Halevi - As a philosopher, Yehuda Halevi - Ha-Levi’s legacy Read more here: » Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia II - Yehuda Halevi - Synagogal poetry |
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