Louis XIV of France

On his birth at Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1638 his parents Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, who had been childless for twenty-three years, regarded him as a divine gift. (These circumstances have led some to postulate a different biological father for the boy, rather than Louis XIII. Anne of Austria, however, had denied these claims.) Louis came from a multicultural background since his paternal grandparents were Henry IV and Marie de' Medici, who were French and Italian. His maternal grandfather, Philip III was of Spanish descent and his mate ...

See also:

Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV of France - Early years, Louis XIV of France - War and the Low Countries, Louis XIV of France - Height of power, Louis XIV of France - Decline, Louis XIV of France - The Spanish Succession, Louis XIV of France - Death, Louis XIV of France - Style and arms, Louis XIV of France - Legitimate issue

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André Le Nôtre (March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. He was most notably responsible for the construction of the park of the Palace of Versailles. Le Nôtre's other work included the design of many gardens and parks, including those of Chantilly, Chateau Fontainebleau, Racconigi, Saint-Cloud, Saint-Germain-en-Laye and St. James's Park. He also collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park of the Vaux-le-Vicomte. André Le Nôtre's father, J ...

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Anna of Austria could be a reference to either Anna of Austria (1573-1598), Queen Consort of Sigismund III of Poland Anna of Austria (1601-1666) (or Anne), Queen Consort of Louis XIII of France and mother of (and regent for) Louis XIV of France. Other related archivesAnna of Austria (1573-1598), Anna of Austria (1601-1666), Louis XIII of France, Louis XIV of France, Sigismund III of Poland

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An anachronism (from Greek ana, back, and chronos, time) is something that is out of its natural time or appears to be. For example, if a play set during the Roman Republic portrays a person using a computer, the computer is an anachronism. There are two types of anachronisms, parachronisms and prochronism. Parachronisms are when the assigned date is too late for the appearance of the anachronisms, for instance horse drawn carriages on a freeway. Prochronisms are when the assigned date is too early for the appeara ...

Including:

• Anachronism - Historical anachronisms as artifacts
• Anachronism - Social anachronisms
• Anachronism - Anachronisms in art and fiction
• Anachronism - Anachronism in scholarship
• Anachronism - Psychology

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When spelt with a capital A, Allies usually denotes the countries that fought together against the Central Powers in World War I and against the Axis Powers in World War II. For more information, see the related articles: Allies of World War I and Allies of World War II. Allies - Other uses. In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. In general English usage, those who share a ...

Including:

• Allies - Other uses

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. 18th century - Events. 18th century - 1700s. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersb ...

Including:

• 18th century - Events
• 18th century - 1700s
• 18th century - 1710s
• 18th century - 1720s
• 18th century - 1730s
• 18th century - 1740s
• 18th century - 1750s
• 18th century - 1760s
• 18th century - 1770s
• 18th century - 1780s
• 18th century - 1790s
• 18th century - Significant people
• 18th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 18th century - Decades and years

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1644 - Unknown date. The opera Ormindo is first performed in Venice. Music by Francesco Cavalli and libretto by Giovanni Faustini. Kolumna Zygmunta (Sigismund's Column) erected in Warsaw to commemorate King Zygmunt III Waza, who moved the capital of Poland from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. Philosopher René Descartes publishes Principia Philosophiae (Principles of Philosophy). 1644 - Ongoing events. English Civil War (1642-1649)< ...

Including:

• 1644 - Events
• 1644 - Unknown date
• 1644 - Ongoing events
• 1644 - Births
• 1644 - Deaths

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This article concerns the political movement supporting the restoration of the House of Stuart, not the earlier Jacobean period. For details of the attendant wars, see: Jacobite Rising. It is not about Jacobinism or the Jacobite Orthodox Church. Jacobitism was the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain). The movement took its name from the Latin form ...

Including:

• Jacobitism - Political background
• Jacobitism - Religion politics and adventurers
• Jacobitism - Ireland
• Jacobitism - England and Scotland
• Jacobitism - The Scottish Highlands
• Jacobitism - Opportunists and Adventurers
• Jacobitism - Jacobite community ideology and policy
• Jacobitism - Military campaigns and Jacobitism
• Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland
• Jacobitism - Bonnie Dundee
• Jacobitism - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion
• Jacobitism - Union and Hanoverians
• Jacobitism - The 'Fifteen
• Jacobitism - Jacobitism in England
• Jacobitism - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion
• Jacobitism - The Atterbury plot
• Jacobitism - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen in Scotland
• Jacobitism - The Cornbury plot
• Jacobitism - 1744 French invasion attempt
• Jacobitism - The 'Forty-Five'
• Jacobitism - Decline of Jacobitism
• Jacobitism - The Elibank plot
• Jacobitism - Crushing of the clans
• Jacobitism - Henry IX
• Jacobitism - Outcome
• Jacobitism - Romantic revival
• Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England Scotland France and Ireland
• Jacobitism - Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria
• Jacobitism - Alternative Successions

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Absolute monarchy is an idealized form of government, a monarchy where the ruler has the power to rule his or her country and citizens freely with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition telling him or her what to do, although some religious authority may be able to discourage the monarch from some acts and the sovereign is expected to act according to custom. There is no constitution or body of law above what is decreed by the sovereign. As a theory of civics, absolute monarchy puts total trust in well-bred a ...

Including:

• Absolute monarchy - Theories and History
• Absolute monarchy - Divine Rights
• Absolute monarchy - Thomas Hobbes
• Absolute monarchy - Enlightened Despotism
• Absolute monarchy - Modern examples
• Absolute monarchy - Examples in the Past

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Acadia (in French Acadie) was the name given by the French to a territory in northeastern North America which includes parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces and modern-day New England stretching as far south as Philadelphia. The actual specification by the French government for the territory refers to lands bordering the Atlantic coast, roughly between the 40th and 46th parallels. Later, the territory was divided into the British colonies which were to b ...

Including:

• Acadia - Origin of the Name
• Acadia - Contemporary Acadia

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Alexander VII, né Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 – May 22, 1667) was pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. Born in Siena, a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V, he was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from the University of Siena. In 1627 he began his apprenticeship as vice-legate at Ferrara, and on recommendations from two cardinals he was appointed successively Inquisitor of Malta and nuncio in Colo ...

Including:

• Pope Alexander VII - External link

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The Age of Unreason is a series of four books written by Gregory Keyes. There is also a popular business book titled The Age of Unreason by Charles Handy, (Harvard Business School Press, 1989) The Age of Unreason - Setting. The story spans the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. The author makes use of pseudosciences (scientific alchemy instead of our physics) that were popular at the time: using affinity and aether, for example. Some historical characters appe ...

Including:

• The Age of Unreason - Setting
• The Age of Unreason - Titles

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Alsace (French: Alsace; Alsatian/German: Elsass) is one of the 26 régions of France. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire and inhabited by people speaking a dialect of Upper German, Alsace gradually passed under French sovereignty in the course of the 17th century, and became one of the provinces of France. It is located on the eastern border of France, adjacent to Germany and Switzerland. Its capital and largest city is Strasbourg. Alsace - Geography. Alsace has an area of 8280 km ...

Including:

• Alsace - Geography
• Alsace - History
• Alsace - Politics
• Alsace - Economy
• Alsace - Demographics
• Alsace - Transport
• Alsace - The road network
• Alsace - The train network
• Alsace - The river network
• Alsace - Air traffic
• Alsace - Religion
• Alsace - Culture
• Alsace - Language
• Alsace - Cuisine
• Alsace - Architecture
• Alsace - Symbolism
• Alsace - Tourism
• Alsace - Administration
• Alsace - Notable Alsatians

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April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). There are 260 days remaining. April 15 - Events. 1450 - Battle of Formigny; Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in northern France. 1632 - Battle of Rain; Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War. 1738 - Premiere in London of Serse, a ...

Including:

• April 15 - Events
• April 15 - Births
• April 15 - Deaths
• April 15 - Holidays and observances

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The Williamite war in Ireland, which could also be described as the Jacobite war in Ireland and is known in Ireland as Cogadh an Dá Rí or The War of the Two Kings, was the opening conflict following the deposition of King James II in 1688 when he attempted to regain the throne of his Three Kingdoms from his daughter Mary II who replaced him jointly with her husband William of Orange. It influenced the Jacobite Rising in Scotland led by "Bonnie Dundee" which started at about the same time. While William successfu ...

Including:

• Williamite war in Ireland - The Glorious Revolution
• Williamite war in Ireland - War Breaks Out - Campaign in Ulster
• Williamite war in Ireland - William Arrives - Battle of the Boyne
• Williamite war in Ireland - Limerick Aughrim and the end of the War
• Williamite war in Ireland - Long-Term Effects
• Williamite war in Ireland - Sources

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Charles XI (Karl XI) (November 24, 1655 – April 5, 1697) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death. He was the only son of Charles X of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp. Charles XI of Sweden - Under guardian rule. Charles was born in the palace at Stockholm. His father, who died when the child was in his fourth year, left the care of his education to the regents whom he had appointed. So shamefully did they neglect their duty that when, at the age of seventeen, Charles XI attained ...

Including:

• Charles XI of Sweden - Under guardian rule
• Charles XI of Sweden - Foreign affairs
• Charles XI of Sweden - Domestic affairs
• Charles XI of Sweden - Children

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Brussels (French: Bruxelles, Dutch: Brussel, German: Brüssel) is the capital of Belgium, the French community of Belgium, the Flemish community and of the European Union. Brussels is, first of all, a city located in the centre of Belgium and its capital, but it sometimes also refers to the largest municipality of the Brussels-Capital Region. This municipality inside Brussels is correctly named The City of Brussels (French: Bruxelles-Ville or Ville de Bruxelles, Dutch: Stad Brussel), wh ...

Including:

• Brussels - Etymology
• Brussels - History
• Brussels - Linguistic situation
• Brussels - Universities
• Brussels - Transport
• Brussels - Railway stations
• Brussels - Road network
• Brussels - Conferences and world fairs
• Brussels - Places of interest
• Brussels - Notable parks
• Brussels - Notable people from Brussels
• Brussels - Sports clubs
• Brussels - Concert halls
• Brussels - Museums
• Brussels - Other

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A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchical government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges a hereditary or elected monarch as head of state. Modern constitutional monarchies usually implement the concept of trias politica, or "separation of powers", where either the monarch is the head of the executive branch or simply has a ceremonial role. Where a monarch holds absolute power, it is known as an absolute monarchy, and law within an absolute monarchy can often ...

Including:

• Constitutional monarchy - Differences between constitutional and absolute monarchies
• Constitutional monarchy - Absolute Monarchy
• Constitutional monarchy - Constitutional Monarchy
• Constitutional monarchy - Constitutional Monarchies Today
• Constitutional monarchy - Popularity
• Constitutional monarchy - Previous monarchies

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This is a list of the counts of Burgundy (i.e., of the region known as "Franche-Comté", not to be confused with the Duchy of Burgundy) from 867 to 1678. Odo (count of Mâcon, Dijon, Autun, and Burgundy, 867-870) Rodfried (870-895) Hugh the Black (921-952) Otto William (986-1026) Renaud I (1026-1057) William I the Great (1057-1087, also count of Mâcon, 1078-1085 Renaud II (1087-1097, also count of Mâcon, 1085) Stephen I (titular count, 1097-1102) Re ...

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The Dauphin was the heir apparent to the throne of France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties. Guy VIII, Count of Vienne, had a dolphin on his coat of arms and had been nicknamed le Dauphin (French for dolphin). The title of Dauphin du Viennois descended in his family until 1349, when Humbert II sold his signeurie, called the Dauphiné, to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assumed the title of le Dauphin. The wife of the Dauphin was known as la Dauphine. The first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles V. The last was the Duc d'Angoulême, son ...

Including:

• Dauphin - List of Dauphins 1349-1830
• Dauphin - In literature

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