Louis Riel - Background. The majority population of the Red River had historically been Métis and First Nations people. But upon his return, Riel found that religious, nationalistic, and racial tensions were being exacerbated by an influx of anglophone Protestant settlers from Ontario. The political situation was also uncertain, as ongoing negotiations for the transfer of Rupert's Land from the HBC to Canada had not addressed the political terms of transfer. Finally, despite warnings to the Macdonald government ...

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Louis Riel, Louis Riel - Early life, Louis Riel - Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel - Background, Louis Riel - Riel emerges as a leader, Louis Riel - Provisional government, Louis Riel - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Louis Riel - Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition, Louis Riel - The intervening years, Louis Riel - The amnesty question, Louis Riel - Exile and mental illness, Louis Riel - Montana and family life, Louis Riel - The North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory, Louis Riel - The return of Riel, Louis Riel - Break with the church, Louis Riel - Open rebellion, Louis Riel - Trial for treason, Louis Riel - Execution, Louis Riel - Legacy, Louis Riel - Political legacy, Louis Riel - Riel reconsidered, Louis Riel - Monuments and place names, Louis Riel - Arts literature and popular culture

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Louis Riel, Louis Riel - Early life, Louis Riel - Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel - Background, Louis Riel - Riel emerges as a leader, Louis Riel - Provisional government, Louis Riel - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Louis Riel - Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition, Louis Riel - The intervening years, Louis Riel - The amnesty question, Louis Riel - Exile and mental illness, Louis Riel - Montana and family life, Louis Riel - The North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory, Louis Riel - The return of Riel, Louis Riel - Break with the church, Louis Riel - Open rebellion, Louis Riel - Trial for treason, Louis Riel - Execution, Louis Riel - Legacy, Louis Riel - Political legacy, Louis Riel - Riel reconsidered, Louis Riel - Monuments and place names, Louis Riel - Arts literature and popular culture

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Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory. Following the Red River Rebellion, large numbers of Métis travelled west and settled in the Saskatchewan Valley, especially along the south branch of the river in the country surrounding the Saint-Laurent mission (near modern Grandin, Saskatchewan). But by the 1880s, it had become clear that westward migration was no panacea for the troubles of the Métis and the plains Indians. The rapid collapse of the buffalo herd was causing near starvation among the Pla ...

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Louis Riel, Louis Riel - Early life, Louis Riel - Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel - Background, Louis Riel - Riel emerges as a leader, Louis Riel - Provisional government, Louis Riel - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Louis Riel - Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition, Louis Riel - The intervening years, Louis Riel - The amnesty question, Louis Riel - Exile and mental illness, Louis Riel - Montana and family life, Louis Riel - The North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory, Louis Riel - The return of Riel, Louis Riel - Break with the church, Louis Riel - Open rebellion, Louis Riel - Trial for treason, Louis Riel - Execution, Louis Riel - Legacy, Louis Riel - Political legacy, Louis Riel - Riel reconsidered, Louis Riel - Monuments and place names, Louis Riel - Arts literature and popular culture

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During the late 1860s, the Red River Settlement was experiencing rapid change. The population had been historically composed mainly of Francophone (Michif-speaking) Métis, along with a minority of English-speaking mixed-bloods known as the "Country born", and a small number of Presbyterian Scottish settlers. However, the colony was seeing a rapid influx of Anglophone Protestants from Ontario. These new settlers were largely insensitive to Métis culture and hostile to Roman Catholicism, and many were advocates of Canadian expansionism. There was also an influx at this time of Ameri ...

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Red River Rebellion, Red River Rebellion - Background, Red River Rebellion - Riel emerges as a leader, Red River Rebellion - Provisional government, Red River Rebellion - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Red River Rebellion - Creation of Manitoba, Red River Rebellion - The Wolseley expedition, Red River Rebellion - Legacy

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The fears of the Métis were exacerbated when the Canadian government appointed the notoriously anti-French McDougall as the lieutenant governor-designate on 28 September 1869, in anticipation of a formal transfer to take effect on December 1. It was at this time that the educated Riel began to emerge as a leader, beginning with his denunciation of the survey in a speech delivered in late August from the steps of the Saint-Boniface Cathedral. On October 11, 1869, the work of the survey was disrupted by a group of Métis including Riel. On Oc ...

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Red River Rebellion, Red River Rebellion - Background, Red River Rebellion - Riel emerges as a leader, Red River Rebellion - Provisional government, Red River Rebellion - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Red River Rebellion - Creation of Manitoba, Red River Rebellion - The Wolseley expedition, Red River Rebellion - Legacy

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Meanwhile in Ottawa, the Governor General Lord Lisgar had, at Macdonald's behest, proclaimed an amnesty on December 6 for all in Red River who would lay down their arms, and dispatched the Abbé Jean-Baptiste Thibault and Charles-René d’Irumberry de Salaberry on a mission of reconciliation. However these emissaries were not granted any special authority to negotiate on behalf of the Government. Macdonald also appointed Hudson's Bay representative Donald Alexander Smit ...

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Red River Rebellion, Red River Rebellion - Background, Red River Rebellion - Riel emerges as a leader, Red River Rebellion - Provisional government, Red River Rebellion - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Red River Rebellion - Creation of Manitoba, Red River Rebellion - The Wolseley expedition, Red River Rebellion - Legacy

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Upon receiving news of the unrest, bishop Taché was recalled from Rome. He arrived back in the colony on March 8, whereupon he conveyed to Riel his mistaken impression that the December amnesty would apply to both Riel and Lépine. On March 15 he read to the elected assembly a telegram from Joseph Howe indicating that the government found the demands in the list of rights to be "in the main satisfactory". Following the preparation of a final list of rights that included new demands such as a general amnesty for all members of the pro ...

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Red River Rebellion, Red River Rebellion - Background, Red River Rebellion - Riel emerges as a leader, Red River Rebellion - Provisional government, Red River Rebellion - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Red River Rebellion - Creation of Manitoba, Red River Rebellion - The Wolseley expedition, Red River Rebellion - Legacy

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Despite the apparent progress on the political front and the inclusion of Anglophones within the provisional government, the Canadian contingent was not yet silenced, for on January 9 there was a mass escape from the prison at Fort Garry. Charles Mair, Thomas Scott, and ten others escaped. This was followed on January 23 by the escape of John Schultz. In any case, Riel had by February 15 freed the remaining prisoners after obtaining assurances that they would refrain from engaging in political agitation. However, Schultz, Mair, and Thomas had ...

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Red River Rebellion, Red River Rebellion - Background, Red River Rebellion - Riel emerges as a leader, Red River Rebellion - Provisional government, Red River Rebellion - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Red River Rebellion - Creation of Manitoba, Red River Rebellion - The Wolseley expedition, Red River Rebellion - Legacy

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Since Canada had no authority over that territory, the provisional government at Red River was legitimate and had to be recognized. Its actions were not "rebellious" in the strict sense of the word; it was called a rebellion only after sentiment grew in Ontario against the execution of Thomas Scott. Historian A.G. Morice suggests that the phrase "Red River Rebellion" owes its persistence to alliteration, a quality that made it attractive for publication in newspaper headlines (Critical History of The Red River Insurrection (1935)). The word ...

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Red River Rebellion, Red River Rebellion - Background, Red River Rebellion - Riel emerges as a leader, Red River Rebellion - Provisional government, Red River Rebellion - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Red River Rebellion - Creation of Manitoba, Red River Rebellion - The Wolseley expedition, Red River Rebellion - Legacy

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The most famous Métis was Louis Riel who led what are usually depicted as two rebellions, the Red River Rebellion in 1869 in the area now known as Manitoba, and the North-West Rebellion in 1885 in the area now known as Saskatchewan. Reasonable doubts may be raised about whether either of these events was a rebellion. For example, the actions considered rebellious in 1869 were undertaken by Riel as the leader of a government recognized by Canada as in legitimate control of territory that did not belong to Canada; Canada negotiated the Manito ...

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Métis people Canada, Métis people Canada - Métis Culture, Métis people Canada - Prominent Métis, Métis people Canada - External link, Métis people Canada - Western Métis, Métis people Canada - Eastern Métis, Métis people Canada - Government of Canada

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The new country was led by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. Under Macdonald, Canada bought Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869, and westward settlement was encouraged. However, the people who already lived there, natives and Métis, descendants of the children of natives and French Canadian fur traders, were opposed to waves of English-speaking settlers buying their lands. The Métis of the Red River settlement (near present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba), led by Louis Riel, formed a provisional gove ...

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Post-Confederation history of Canada, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Confederation, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The Red River Rebellion, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Expansion westward, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Macdonald's National Policy, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The North-West Rebellion, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The Manitoba Schools Question, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Population of the West, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The Boer War, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Laurier's Government, Post-Confederation history of Canada - World War I, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The conscription crisis of 1917, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Post-war society, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The Great Depression, Post-Confederation history of Canada - R.B. Bennett, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Return of Mackenzie King, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Legacy, Post-Confederation history of Canada - World War II, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The conscription crisis of 1944, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The Post-war world and the Cold War, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The new flag, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The Quiet Revolution, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The October Crisis, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Trudeau and the 1970s, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The 1980 Quebec referendum, Post-Confederation history of Canada - The New constitution, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Brian Mulroney, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Chretien years and the 1995 referendum, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Contemporary issues, Post-Confederation history of Canada - National organization issues, Post-Confederation history of Canada - International issues, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Same-sex marriage, Post-Confederation history of Canada - Sponsorship scandal

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Louis Riel - The amnesty question. It was not until September 2 that the new lieutenant-governor Adams George Archibald arrived and set about the establishment of civil government. In the absence of an amnesty, and with the Canadian militia beating and intimidating his sympathisers, Riel fled to the safety of the St. Joseph's mission across the border in the Dakota Territory. However the results of the first provincial election in December 1870 were promising for Riel, as many of his supporters came to power. Nev ...

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Louis Riel, Louis Riel - Early life, Louis Riel - Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel - Background, Louis Riel - Riel emerges as a leader, Louis Riel - Provisional government, Louis Riel - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Louis Riel - Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition, Louis Riel - The intervening years, Louis Riel - The amnesty question, Louis Riel - Exile and mental illness, Louis Riel - Montana and family life, Louis Riel - The North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory, Louis Riel - The return of Riel, Louis Riel - Break with the church, Louis Riel - Open rebellion, Louis Riel - Trial for treason, Louis Riel - Execution, Louis Riel - Legacy, Louis Riel - Political legacy, Louis Riel - Riel reconsidered, Louis Riel - Monuments and place names, Louis Riel - Arts literature and popular culture

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Prior to his execution, Riel was reconciled with the Catholic church, and assigned Father André as his spiritual advisor. He was also given writing materials so that he could employ his time in prison to write a book . Boulton writes in his memoirs that, as the date of his execution approached, Riel regretted his opposition to the defense of insanity and vainly attempted to provide evidence that he was not sane. After several requests for a retrial and an appeal to the Privy Council in England were denied, Louis Riel was ...

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Louis Riel, Louis Riel - Early life, Louis Riel - Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel - Background, Louis Riel - Riel emerges as a leader, Louis Riel - Provisional government, Louis Riel - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Louis Riel - Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition, Louis Riel - The intervening years, Louis Riel - The amnesty question, Louis Riel - Exile and mental illness, Louis Riel - Montana and family life, Louis Riel - The North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory, Louis Riel - The return of Riel, Louis Riel - Break with the church, Louis Riel - Open rebellion, Louis Riel - Trial for treason, Louis Riel - Execution, Louis Riel - Legacy, Louis Riel - Political legacy, Louis Riel - Riel reconsidered, Louis Riel - Monuments and place names, Louis Riel - Arts literature and popular culture

Read more here: » Louis Riel: Encyclopedia II - Louis Riel - Execution

Main articles: Trial of Louis Riel, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

Louis Riel, Louis Riel - Early life, Louis Riel - Red River Rebellion, Louis Riel - Background, Louis Riel - Riel emerges as a leader, Louis Riel - Provisional government, Louis Riel - Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott, Louis Riel - Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition, Louis Riel - The intervening years, Louis Riel - The amnesty question, Louis Riel - Exile and mental illness, Louis Riel - Montana and family life, Louis Riel - The North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel - Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory, Louis Riel - The return of Riel, Louis Riel - Break with the church, Louis Riel - Open rebellion, Louis Riel - Trial for treason, Louis Riel - Execution, Louis Riel - Legacy, Louis Riel - Political legacy, Louis Riel - Riel reconsidered, Louis Riel - Monuments and place names, Louis Riel - Arts literature and popular culture

Read more here: » Louis Riel: Encyclopedia II - Louis Riel - Trial for treason