Louis Bonaparte

His brother Napoleon made him king of Holland on June 5, 1806. Intended by his older brother as little more than a French governor, Louis took his duties as King seriously, calling himself King Lodewijk I (adopting the Dutch form of his name), attempting to learn the Dutch language and trying hard to be a responsible, independent ruler of Holland. During his reign, Holland was struck by two major tragedies: the explosion of a ship filled with gunpowder in the heart of the city of Leiden in 1807, and a major flooding in 1809. In both tragedies, Louis personally and effectively oversaw local relief efforts, which he ...

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Louis Bonaparte, Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland, Louis Bonaparte - Marriage and children

Read more here: » Louis Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Louis Bonaparte - King of Holland

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). 1806 - Events. January 8 - Cape Colony becomes a British colony January 10 - Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British January 19 - The United Kingdom occupies the Cape of Good Hope February 6 - Royal Navy victory off Santo Domingo - see:Action of 6 February 1806 March 23 - After t ...

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April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). There are 265 days remaining. April 10 - Events. 1741 - Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz 1815 - Mount Tambora eruption covers several islands with ash in Indonesia. 1816 - The U.S. government approved the creation of a Second Bank of the United States. 1865 - American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General R ...

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The lumpenproletariat (German Lumpenproletariat, "rabble-proletariat") is a term originally defined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The German Ideology (1845), their famous second joint work, and later expounded upon in future works by Marx. In Marx's The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), the term refers to the 'refuse of all classes,' including 'swindlers, confidence tricksters, brothel-keepers, rag-and-bone merchants, ...

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• Lumpenproletariat - Used as a perjorative

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The first king of the Netherland, from 1806 until 1810, was French. Napoleon I installed his brother Louis Bonaparte as king over what was then called the Kingdom of Holland, a puppet state. The present monarchy was established in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna as part of the re-arrangement of Europe after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. The House of Orange-Nassau were given the modern day Netherlands and Belgium to rule as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In addition, the king of the Netherlands b ...

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Dutch monarchy, Dutch monarchy - History, Dutch monarchy - Monarchs, Dutch monarchy - Wilhelmina 1890-1948, Dutch monarchy - Juliana 1948-1980, Dutch monarchy - Beatrix 1980-present, Dutch monarchy - Willem-Alexander

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The first king of the Netherlands, from 1806 until 1810, was French. Napoleon I installed his brother Louis Bonaparte as king over what was then called the Kingdom of Holland, a puppet state. The present monarchy was established in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna as part of the re-arrangement of Europe after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. The House of Orange-Nassau were given the modern day Netherlands and Belgium to rule as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In addition, the king of the Netherlands b ...

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Dutch monarchy, Dutch monarchy - History, Dutch monarchy - Monarchs, Dutch monarchy - Wilhelmina 1890-1948, Dutch monarchy - Juliana 1948-1980, Dutch monarchy - Beatrix 1980-present, Dutch monarchy - Willem-Alexander

Read more here: » Dutch monarchy: Encyclopedia II - Dutch monarchy - History

Constable of France - Constables of the Kings of France 1060–1626. Alberic 1060–1065 Balberic 1065–1069 Gauthier 1069–1071 Adelelme 1071–1075 Adam 1075–1085 Thibaut, Seigneur de Montmorency 1085–1107 Gaston de Chanmont 1107–1108 Hugues le Borgne de Chanmont 1108–1135 Mathieu de Montmorency (d1160) 1138–? Simon de Neauphle-le-Chateau 1165–? Raoul de Clermont (died 1191) 1174–1194 ...

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Constable of France, Constable of France - Badge of Office, Constable of France - Persons Subordinate to the Constable of France, Constable of France - Constables of France, Constable of France - Constables of the Kings of France 1060–1626, Constable of France - First Empire, Constable of France - Movies

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The "Law of Succession" Napoleon I established on becoming Emperor in 1804 provided that the Bonapartist claim to the throne should pass firstly to Napoleon's own legitimate male descendents through the male line. At at that time he had no legitimate sons, and it seemed unlikely he would have any due to the age of his wife Josephine. His eventual response was the unacceptable one, in Catholic eyes, of engineering a dubious annulment, without papal approval, of his marriage to Josephine and undertaking a second marriage to the younger Marie L ...

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Bonapartist, Bonapartist - The Bonapartist claimants, Bonapartist - 'Bonapartist' as a Marxist epithet

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Born at Mont-sous-Vaudrey in the Jura mountains, he became an advocate in 1837, and, having steadily maintained republican principles under the Orléans monarchy, was elected by his native department to the Constituent Assembly of 1848. Foreseeing that Louis Bonaparte would be elected president by the people, he proposed to vest the chief authority in a president of the Council elected and removable by the Assembly, or in other words, to suppress the Presidency of the Republic. After the coup d'état this proposition gained Grévy a reputation for sagacity, and upon his return to public life in 1868 he took ...

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Jules Grévy, Jules Grévy - Biography, Jules Grévy - Trivia

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He was born to Pierre Murat-Jordy (1721 - 1799) and Jeanne Loubieres (1721 - 1806). His father was an innkeeper. A brilliant and dashing cavalry leader, Murat played an important part in Napoleon Bonaparte's victories. During Napoleon's defence of the Tuileries Palace (1795), Murat was successful in stealing forty cannon from the French National Guard. Without these cannon, Tuileries would have fallen, and the Directory would not ...

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Joachim Murat, Joachim Murat - Life Account, Joachim Murat - Children, Joachim Murat - Trivia, Joachim Murat - External link

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Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, as he was known before becoming emperor, was the son of Hortense de Beauharnais, who was the daughter of Napoléon I's wife Josephine de Beauharnais by her first marriage. The identity of his biological father remains a subject of speculation, given his unhappily married mother's record of extramarital liaisons. His father for the record, however, was Hortense's husband, Louis Bonaparte, a younger brother of Napoléon I, and his whole career was built upon the (supposed) fact that he was the nephew of Napoléon I. ...

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Napoleon III of France, Napoleon III of France - Early life, Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic, Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III of France - Liberal Empire, Napoleon III of France - Foreign policy, Napoleon III of France - Demise, Napoleon III of France - Legacy, Napoleon III of France - Opinions, Napoleon III of France - Publications

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Pauline was born in Ajaccio, Corsica. She was the sixth surviving child and second surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. She was a younger sister of Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon I of France, Lucien Bonaparte, Elisa Bonaparte and Louis Bonaparte. She was also an older sister of Caroline Bonaparte and Jérôme Bonaparte. Her childhood was spent in her native Ajaccio. At the age of thirteen she was involved in the Buonaparte's night-time escape from their home, travelling with her mother and sibl ...

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Pauline Bonaparte, Pauline Bonaparte - Prior to Napoleon's Rise to Power, Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Rise to Power, Pauline Bonaparte - After Napoleon's Fall

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Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire. While in Egypt, Bonaparte had kept a close eye on European affairs, relying largely on newspapers and dispatches that arrived only irregularly. On 23 August 1799, he abruptly set sail for France, taking advantage of the temporary departure of British ships blockading French coastal ports. Although he was later accused by political opponents of abandoning his troops, his departure actually had been authorized by the Directory, which had suffered a series of military defeats to the ...

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Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Childhood and early life, Napoleon I of France - An interesting youth, Napoleon I of France - Training and schooling, Napoleon I of France - Preparatory School, Napoleon I of France - First commands and Toulon, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

Read more here: » Napoleon I of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France

Born in Ajaccio, Corsica, and educated in mainland France, Lucien returned to Corsica at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio, where he renamed himself "Brutus". An ally of Maximilien Robespierre during the Reign of Terror, he was briefly imprisoned (at Aix-en-Provence) after the coup of 9 Thermidor. As president of the Council of Five Hundred — which he removed to the suburban security of Saint-Cloud — Lucien Bonaparte's combination of bravado and disinformat ...

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Lucien Bonaparte, Lucien Bonaparte - Revolutionary activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Later years, Lucien Bonaparte - Academic activities, Lucien Bonaparte - Marriages and children

Read more here: » Lucien Bonaparte: Encyclopedia II - Lucien Bonaparte - Revolutionary activities

Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire. While in Egypt, Bonaparte had kept a close eye on European affairs, relying largely on newspapers and dispatches that arrived only irregularly. On 23 August 1799, he abruptly set sail for France, taking advantage of the temporary departure of British ships blockading French coastal ports. Although he was later accused by political opponents of abandoning his troops, his departure actually had been authorized by the Directory, which had suffered a series of military defeats to the ...

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Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Early life and military career, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

Read more here: » Napoleon I of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France

He is said to have been in love with a girl of the Forcioli family. His paternal uncle Archdeacon Luciano Buonaparte (January 8, 1718 - October 16, 1791) instead convinced him to marry Maria Letizia Ramolino for a dowry of 7,000 Lires of the Republic of Genoa. He married Letizia on June 2, 1764. They had a total of thirteen children: Napoleone Buonaparte (1764/1765 - August 17, 1765). Maria Anna Buonaparte (January 3, 1767 - January 1, 1768). Joseph Bonaparte (January 7, 1768 - July 28, 1844). N ...

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Carlo Buonaparte, Carlo Buonaparte - Marriage and children, Carlo Buonaparte - Career

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List of extinct states, List of extinct states - Ancient and medieval states, List of extinct states - Ancient Europe North Africa and the Near East, List of extinct states - South Asia, List of extinct states - China and South East Asia, List of extinct states - Pre-Columbian Americas, List of extinct states - Medieval Europe North Africa and the Near East, List of extinct states - Modern states, List of extinct states - States and territories grouped by geographical location, List of extinct states - States and territories grouped by type

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Napoleon Bonaparte was approached by one of a member of the Directory, Sieyès, seeking his support for a coup to overthrow the constitution. The plot included Bonaparte's brother Lucien, then serving as speaker of the Council of Five Hundred, Roger Ducos, another Director, and Talleyrand. On 9 November (18 Brumaire), and the following day, troops led by Bonaparte seized control and dispersed the legislative councils, leaving a rump to name Bonaparte, Sieyès, and Ducos as provisional Consuls to administer the government. Although Sie ...

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First French Empire, First French Empire - Origins, First French Empire - From Consulate to empire, First French Empire - Early victories, First French Empire - At the crossroads, First French Empire - Intrigues unrest and corruption, First French Empire - The endgame

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Napoleon was imprisoned and then exiled by the British to the island of Saint Helena (2,800 km off the Bight of Guinea) from 15 October 1815. Whilst there, with a small cadre of followers, he dictated his memoirs and criticized his captors. Sick for much his time on Saint Helena, Napoleon died, on 5 May 1821. His last words were: "France, the Army, head of the Army, Joséphine". Napoléon had asked in his will to be buried on the banks of the Seine, but was buried on Saint Helena. In 1840, his remains were taken to France in the frigate Belle-Poule and entombed in Les Inval ...

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Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Childhood and early life, Napoleon I of France - An interesting youth, Napoleon I of France - Training and schooling, Napoleon I of France - Preparatory School, Napoleon I of France - First commands and Toulon, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

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Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot. In 1795, Bonaparte was serving in Paris when royalists and counter-revolutionaries organized an armed protest against the National Convention on 3 October. Bonaparte was given command of the improvised forces defending the Convention in the Tuileries Palace. He seized artillery pieces with the aid of a young cavalry officer, Joachim Murat, who later became his brother-in-law. He utilized the artillery the following day to repel the attackers. He later boasted that he ...

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Napoleon I of France, Napoleon I of France - Childhood and early life, Napoleon I of France - An interesting youth, Napoleon I of France - Training and schooling, Napoleon I of France - Preparatory School, Napoleon I of France - First commands and Toulon, Napoleon I of France - The victorious general, Napoleon I of France - The whiff of grapeshot, Napoleon I of France - The Italian campaign of 1796–97, Napoleon I of France - The Egyptian expedition of 1798–99, Napoleon I of France - Ruler of France, Napoleon I of France - The coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon I of France - The First Consul, Napoleon I of France - An interlude of peace, Napoleon I of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon I of France - The Peninsular War and the War of the Fifth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Invasion of Russia, Napoleon I of France - The War of the Sixth Coalition, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Elba Les Cent-Jours The Hundred Days and Waterloo, Napoleon I of France - Exile in Saint Helena and death, Napoleon I of France - Cause of death, Napoleon I of France - Marriages and children, Napoleon I of France - Legacy, Napoleon I of France - Misconceptions about Napoleon's height, Napoleon I of France - Sources

Read more here: » Napoleon I of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon I of France - The victorious general