Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders and insomnia, as well as certain types of seizures. It is sold under the brand names Ativan®, Temesta®, Tavor® (in Europe) and as generic lorazepam. It is available in tablets and as a solution for intramuscular and intravenous injections. Its formula is C15H10Cl2N2O2 and its CAS number is 846-49-1. Pharmacologically it is classified as a sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant.Including:

Lorazepam - Indications Lorazepam - Pharmacological Data and Pharmacokinetics Lorazepam - Dosage Lorazepam - Disadvantages Lorazepam - Abuse Lorazepam - Legal issues

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Lorazepam, Lorazepam - Indications, Lorazepam - Pharmacological Data and Pharmacokinetics, Lorazepam - Dosage, Lorazepam - Disadvantages, Lorazepam - Abuse, Lorazepam - Legal issues

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Daily doses vary greatly from 0.5 mg bedtime for insomnia and 2.5 mg every 6 hours and more in the acute treatment of mania, before the firstline drugs (lithium, valproic acid) control the situation. Catatonia with inability to speak is very responsive and sometimes controlled with a single dose of 2 mg oral or slow i.v. injection. Catatonia may reoccur and treatment for some days may be necessary. Sometimes haloperidol is given concomitantly. The control of status epilepticus requires slow i.v. injections of 2 to 4 (or even 8) mg. Patients should be closely monitored for respiratory ...

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Lorazepam, Lorazepam - Indications, Lorazepam - Pharmacological Data and Pharmacokinetics, Lorazepam - Dosage, Lorazepam - Disadvantages, Lorazepam - Abuse, Lorazepam - Legal issues

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Lorazepam is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed after any mode of application (oral, sublingual, i.m., i.v.). After i.v.-injection onset of action is within minutes and may be delayed to 30-45 minutes after oral/sublingual dose and up to 1 hour after i.m. use. The duration of action depends on the dose and is normally 6 to 12 hours. The half-life of lorazepam in patients with normal liver function is 11 to 18 hours. Therefore, 2-4 daily doses are often needed. A dose equivalent to 5 mg of diazepam is 500 micrograms (0.5 mg) of lorazepam. [1]. Other experts estim ...

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Lorazepam, Lorazepam - Indications, Lorazepam - Pharmacological Data and Pharmacokinetics, Lorazepam - Dosage, Lorazepam - Disadvantages, Lorazepam - Abuse, Lorazepam - Legal issues

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According to Weiss et al, reboxetine is an intermediate-level inhibitor of P-glycoprotein,[11] which gives it the potential to interact with cyclosporine, tacrolimus, paroxetine, sertraline, quinidine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine.[12] The sedative properties of Lorazepam ...

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Reboxetine, Reboxetine - Mode of action, Reboxetine - Metabolism, Reboxetine - Side effects, Reboxetine - Interactions with other medications, Reboxetine - History, Reboxetine - References and End Notes

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The side effects are predictable as they are intrinsic effects of the drug class of benzodiazepines. Knowing the relative effects of benzodiazepine types will help clinicians prescribe the most appropriate type. For example, lorazepam may not be best choice for longer term treatment in the elderly due to its stronger amnesic effects potentially aggravating forgetfulness and confusion. But then lorazepam may be a better choice for short term treatment of a younger, non-drin ...

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Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepine - Members, Benzodiazepine - Effects, Benzodiazepine - Uses, Benzodiazepine - Side-effects, Benzodiazepine - Abuse and dependence, Benzodiazepine - Intoxication, Benzodiazepine - Legal status, Benzodiazepine - History, Benzodiazepine - Pharmacology, Benzodiazepine - Reference

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Chlordiazepoxide (Trade name: Librium) was the first benzodiazepine to be made commercially available. It was an accidental discovery made by Leo Sternbach of Roche Pharmaceuticals in 1960. It is used as an anxiolytic and has a medium to long half life. Roche later went on to develop diazepam, better known as Valium, in 1963. The huge success of Valium made Roche the market leader in benzodiazepine products, and the company went on to develop and market the hypnotic nitrazepam (Mogadon) in 1965, flurazepam (Dalmane) and ...

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ATC code N05 - N05B Anxiolytics. ATC code N05 - N05BA Benzodiazepine derivatives. N05BA01 Diazepam N05BA02 Chlordiazepoxide N05BA03 Medazepam N05BA04 Oxazepam N05BA05 Potassium clorazepate N05BA06 Lorazepam N05BA07 Adinazolam N05BA08 Bromazepam N05BA09 Clobazam N05BA10 Ketazolam N05BA11 Prazepam N05BA12 Alprazolam N05BA13 Halazepam N05BA14 Pinazepam N05BA15 Camazepam See also:

ATC code N05, ATC code N05 - N05A Antipsychotics, ATC code N05 - N05AA Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain, ATC code N05 - N05AB Phenothiazines with piperazine structure, ATC code N05 - N05AC Phenothiazines with piperidine structure, ATC code N05 - N05AD Butyrophenone derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AE Indole derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AF Thioxanthene derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AG Diphenylbutylpiperidine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AH Diazepines oxazepines and thiazepines, ATC code N05 - N05AK Neuroleptics in tardive dyskinesia, ATC code N05 - N05AL Benzamides, ATC code N05 - N05AN Lithium, ATC code N05 - N05AX Other antipsychotics, ATC code N05 - N05B Anxiolytics, ATC code N05 - N05BA Benzodiazepine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BB Diphenylmethane derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BC Carbamates, ATC code N05 - N05BD Dibenzo-bicyclo-octadiene derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BE Azaspirodecanedione derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BX Other anxiolytics, ATC code N05 - N05C Hypnotics and sedatives, ATC code N05 - N05CA Barbiturates plain, ATC code N05 - N05CB Barbiturates combinations, ATC code N05 - N05CC Aldehydes and derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CD Benzodiazepine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CE Piperidinedione derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CF Benzodiazepine related drugs, ATC code N05 - N05CM Other hypnotics and sedatives, ATC code N05 - N05CX Hypnotics and sedatives in combination excluding barbiturates

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Insomnia is characterized by an inability to sleep and/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period. Most believe that insomnia is, itself, a sleep disorder, but it is not. It is a complaint, as insomniacs typically complain of being unable to close their eyes or 'rest their mind' for more than a few minutes at a time. As opposed to being a sleep disorder, insomnia is most often caused by sleep disorders, but they are not the only causes. Other causes include fear, stress, anxiety, medications, herbs and caffeine. An over ...

Including:

Insomnia - Types of insomnia Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia
Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

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This article is about epilepsy in humans. For information on epilepsy in other animals, see Epilepsy (Animals). Epilepsy (often referred to as a seizure disorder) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The condition is named from the Greek epilepsis ("a taking hold of or seizing"). It is commonly controlled with medication, although surgical methods are used as well. Epilepsy - Causes. All the causes (or etiologies) of epilepsy are not ...

Including:

Epilepsy - Causes Epilepsy - Diagnosis Epilepsy - Types of seizure Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes Epilepsy - Treatment
Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment Epilepsy - Other Treatment
Epilepsy - History and Stigma Epilepsy - Legal implications Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

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A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Sedatives may be referred to as tranquilizers, depressants, anxiolytics, soporifics, sleeping pills, downers, or sedative-hypnotics. At high doses or when they are abused, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and death. Sedative - Types of sedative. ...

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Sedative - Types of sedative Sedative - Therapeutic use Sedative - Sedative dependence Sedative - Abuse and overdoses Sedative - Sedatives and alcohol Sedative - Lookalikes Sedative - Sedative drugs and crime

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Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia, or memory loss, where new events are not transferred to long-term memory. After the onset of the disorder, the sufferer will not be able to remember anything that occurs after his attention is shifted away from one subject for more than a few seconds. Those who suffer from theoretically pure anterograde amnesia will still be able to remember memories laid down before the onset of anterograde amnesia, but will exist in a transient world where anything beyond their immediate attention-span disappears permanently from their consciousness. In reality, anterograde amnesia i ...

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Anterograde amnesia - Famous cases Anterograde amnesia - Anterograde amnesia in fiction

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Insomnia is characterized by an inability to sleep and/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period. Most believe that insomnia is, itself, a sleep disorder, but it is not. It is a complaint, as insomniacs typically complain of being unable to close their eyes or 'rest their mind' for more than a few minutes at a time. As opposed to being a sleep disorder, insomnia is most often caused by sleep disorders, but they are not the only causes. Other causes include fear, stress, anxiety, medications, herbs and caffeine. An over ...

Including:

Insomnia - Types of insomnia Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia
Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

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Amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine Class B (UK) diet suppressant ADD ADHD narcolepsy treatment-resistant depression Recreational uses: Stimulant Other uses: Used by the US military to combat fatigue and increase wakefulness CNS Stimulants MAOI use dizziness tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) sweating decrease in appetite/weight loss enhanced feelings of well-bei ...

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Amphetamine - Pharmacology Amphetamine - Medicinal use Amphetamine - Performance enhancing use Amphetamine - Effects of use
Amphetamine - Physiological effects
Amphetamine - Legal issues Amphetamine - Books Amphetamine - Notes

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The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. The goal of an anticonvulsant is to suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons that start a seizure. Failing this, a good anticonvulsant would prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain and offer protection against excitotoxic effects that can result in brain damage. An excellent anticonvulsant would have fe ...

Including:

Anticonvulsant - Aldehydes Anticonvulsant - Aromatic Allylic Alcohols Anticonvulsant - Barbiturates Anticonvulsant - Benzodiazepines Anticonvulsant - Bromides Anticonvulsant - Carbamates Anticonvulsant - Carboxamides Anticonvulsant - Fatty Acids Anticonvulsant - Fructose Derivatives Anticonvulsant - GABA Analogs Anticonvulsant - Hydantoins Anticonvulsant - Oxazolidinediones Anticonvulsant - Propionates Anticonvulsant - Pyrimidinediones Anticonvulsant - Pyrrolidines Anticonvulsant - Succinimides Anticonvulsant - Sulfonamides Anticonvulsant - Triazines Anticonvulsant - Ureas Anticonvulsant - Valproylamides Amide Derivatives of Valproate

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This article is about epilepsy in humans. For information on epilepsy in other animals, see Epilepsy (Animals). Epilepsy (often referred to as a seizure disorder) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The condition is named from the Greek epilepsis ("a taking hold of or seizing"). It is commonly controlled with medication, although surgical methods are used as well. Epilepsy - Causes. All the causes (or etiologies) of epilepsy are not ...

Including:

Epilepsy - Causes Epilepsy - Diagnosis Epilepsy - Types of seizure Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes Epilepsy - Treatment
Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment Epilepsy - Other Treatment
Epilepsy - History and Stigma Epilepsy - Legal implications Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

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Diazepam, market under brand names of: Valium, Seduxen; and in Europe Apozepam, Diapam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Diazepam is used to treat anxiety and tension, and is the most effective benzodiazepine for treating muscle spasms. It is also used as a sedative premedication for various medical procedures, and to treat alcohol and opiate withdrawal symptoms. Occasionally, diazepam is used by military and pa ...

Including:

Diazepam - Mode of action Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics Diazepam - Experimentation Diazepam - Half-Life Diazepam - Indications Diazepam - Veterinary Uses Diazepam - Contraindications Diazepam - Side effects Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment Diazepam - Interactions Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment Diazepam - Dose Recommendations Diazepam - Dose Forms Diazepam - Recreational Use Diazepam - Overdose Diazepam - Fatal Reaction Diazepam - Occurrence in plants Diazepam - Inventor

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Progabide - Approved. Progabide is approved in France for either monotherapy or adjunctive use in the treatment of epilepsy in both children and adults.[1] Progabide - Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational. ...

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Progabide, Progabide - Uses, Progabide - Approved, Progabide - Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational, Progabide - References and End Notes

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Physical dependence describes increased tolerance of a drug combined with a physical need of the drug to function. Abrupt cessation of the drug is typically associated with negative physical withdrawal symptoms. Physical dependence is distinguished from addiction. While addiction tends to describe psychological and behavioral attributes, physical dependence is defined primarily using physical and biological concepts. ...

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Physical dependence, Physical dependence - Definition, Physical dependence - Symptoms, Physical dependence - Drugs that Cause Physical Dependence, Physical dependence - Treatment

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Status epilepticus - Benzodiazepines. Shortly after it was introduced in 1963, diazepam became the first choice for SE. Even though other benzodiazepines such as clonazepam were useful, diazepam was relied upon almost exclusively. This began to change in 1975 with a preliminary study conducted by Waltregny and Dargent, who found that its pharmacological effects were longer lasting than those of an equal dose of diazepam.[3] T ...

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Status epilepticus, Status epilepticus - Variants, Status epilepticus - Convulsive, Status epilepticus - Treatments, Status epilepticus - Benzodiazepines, Status epilepticus - Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin, Status epilepticus - Barbiturates, Status epilepticus - General Anesthetics, Status epilepticus - Lidocaine, Status epilepticus - References and End Notes, Status epilepticus - Variants, Status epilepticus - Treatments

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