Insomnia is characterized by an inability to sleep and/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period. Most believe that insomnia is, itself, a sleep disorder, but it is not. It is a complaint, as insomniacs typically complain of being unable to close their eyes or 'rest their mind' for more than a few minutes at a time. As opposed to being a sleep disorder, insomnia is most often caused by sleep disorders, but they are not the only causes. Other causes include fear, stress, anxiety, medications, herbs and caffeine. An over ...

Including:

• Insomnia - Types of insomnia
• Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia
• Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia
• Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia
• Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

Read more here: » Insomnia: Encyclopedia - Insomnia

Chlordiazepoxide (Trade name: Librium) was the first benzodiazepine to be made commercially available. It was an accidental discovery made by Leo Sternbach of Roche Pharmaceuticals in 1960. It is used as an anxiolytic and has a medium to long half life. Roche later went on to develop diazepam, better known as Valium, in 1963. The huge success of Valium made Roche the market leader in benzodiazepine products, and the company went on to develop and market the hypnotic nitrazepam (Mogadon) in 1965, flurazepam (Dalmane) and ...

Read more here: » Chlordiazepoxide: Encyclopedia - Chlordiazepoxide

This article is about epilepsy in humans. For information on epilepsy in other animals, see Epilepsy (Animals). Epilepsy (often referred to as a seizure disorder) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The condition is named from the Greek epilepsis ("a taking hold of or seizing"). It is commonly controlled with medication, although surgical methods are used as well. Epilepsy - Causes. All the causes (or etiologies) of epilepsy are not ...

Including:

• Epilepsy - Causes
• Epilepsy - Diagnosis
• Epilepsy - Types of seizure
• Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes
• Epilepsy - Treatment
• Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure
• Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment
• Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment
• Epilepsy - Other Treatment
• Epilepsy - History and Stigma
• Epilepsy - Legal implications
• Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia - Epilepsy

Amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine Class B (UK) diet suppressant ADD ADHD narcolepsy treatment-resistant depression Recreational uses: Stimulant Other uses: Used by the US military to combat fatigue and increase wakefulness CNS Stimulants MAOI use dizziness tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) sweating decrease in appetite/weight loss enhanced feelings of well-bei ...

Including:

• Amphetamine - Pharmacology
• Amphetamine - Medicinal use
• Amphetamine - Performance enhancing use
• Amphetamine - Effects of use
• Amphetamine - Physiological effects
• Amphetamine - Legal issues
• Amphetamine - Books
• Amphetamine - Notes

Read more here: » Amphetamine: Encyclopedia - Amphetamine

Anterograde amnesia is a form of amnesia, or memory loss, where new events are not transferred to long-term memory. After the onset of the disorder, the sufferer will not be able to remember anything that occurs after his attention is shifted away from one subject for more than a few seconds. Those who suffer from theoretically pure anterograde amnesia will still be able to remember memories laid down before the onset of anterograde amnesia, but will exist in a transient world where anything beyond their immediate attention-span disappears permanently from their consciousness. In reality, anterograde amnesia i ...

Including:

• Anterograde amnesia - Famous cases
• Anterograde amnesia - Anterograde amnesia in fiction

Read more here: » Anterograde amnesia: Encyclopedia - Anterograde amnesia

A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Sedatives may be referred to as tranquilizers, depressants, anxiolytics, soporifics, sleeping pills, downers, or sedative-hypnotics. At high doses or when they are abused, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and death. Sedative - Types of sedative. ...

Including:

• Sedative - Types of sedative
• Sedative - Therapeutic use
• Sedative - Sedative dependence
• Sedative - Abuse and overdoses
• Sedative - Sedatives and alcohol
• Sedative - Lookalikes
• Sedative - Sedative drugs and crime

Read more here: » Sedative: Encyclopedia - Sedative

Prior to the 1970s, ambulances were staffed with advanced first-aid level responders who were frequently referred to as "ambulance drivers." There was little regulation or standardized training for those staffing these early emergency response vehicles. However, after the release of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's "White Paper" on motor vehicle fatalities, a concerted effort was undertaken to improve emergency med ...

See also:

Paramedic, Paramedic - Issues, Paramedic - History, Paramedic - Training, Paramedic - The Future

Read more here: » Paramedic: Encyclopedia II - Paramedic - History

Status epilepticus - Benzodiazepines. Shortly after it was introduced in 1963, diazepam became the first choice for SE. Even though other benzodiazepines such as clonazepam were useful, diazepam was relied upon almost exclusively. This began to change in 1975 with a preliminary study conducted by Waltregny and Dargent, who found that its pharmacological effects were longer lasting than those of an equal dose of diazepam.[3] T ...

See also:

Status epilepticus, Status epilepticus - Variants, Status epilepticus - Convulsive, Status epilepticus - Treatments, Status epilepticus - Benzodiazepines, Status epilepticus - Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin, Status epilepticus - Barbiturates, Status epilepticus - General Anesthetics, Status epilepticus - Lidocaine, Status epilepticus - References and End Notes, Status epilepticus - Variants, Status epilepticus - Treatments

Read more here: » Status epilepticus: Encyclopedia II - Status epilepticus - Treatments

Central nervous system side-effects occur. These are mainly drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and vertigo. Early and late extrapyramidal side-effects are seen only infrequently (less than 1% altogether). There is no clear dose-effect relationship, as with higher doses anticholinergic effects of thioridazine become more prominent. Thioridazine causes also an unusual high incidence of impotence and anorgasmia due to a strong alpha-blocking activity. Painful ejaculation or ...

See also:

Thioridazine, Thioridazine - Indications, Thioridazine - Metabolism, Thioridazine - Side Effects, Thioridazine - Discontinuation, Thioridazine - History, Thioridazine - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Thioridazine: Encyclopedia II - Thioridazine - Side Effects

Epilepsy is usually treated with medication prescribed by a physician; primary caregivers, neurologists, and neurosurgeons all frequently care for people with epilepsy. In some cases the implantation of a stimulator of the vagus nerve, or a special diet can be helpful. Neurosurgical operations for epilepsy can be palliative, reducing the frequency or severity of seizures; or, in some patients, an operation can be curative. Epil ...

See also:

Epilepsy, Epilepsy - Diagnosis, Epilepsy - Causes, Epilepsy - Normal provocants, Epilepsy - Types of seizure, Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes, Epilepsy - Treatment, Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure, Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment, Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment, Epilepsy - Other Treatment, Epilepsy - History and Stigma, Epilepsy - Legal implications, Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy, Epilepsy - Notes and references

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Epilepsy - Treatment

Physical dependence describes increased tolerance of a drug combined with a physical need of the drug to function. Abrupt cessation of the drug is typically associated with negative physical withdrawal symptoms. Physical dependence is distinguished from addiction. While addiction tends to describe psychological and behavioral attributes, physical dependence is defined primarily using physical and biological concepts. ...

See also:

Physical dependence, Physical dependence - Definition, Physical dependence - Symptoms, Physical dependence - Drugs that Cause Physical Dependence, Physical dependence - Treatment

Read more here: » Physical dependence: Encyclopedia II - Physical dependence - Definition

Epilepsy is usually treated with medication prescribed by a physician; primary caregivers, neurologists, and neurosurgeons all frequently care for people with epilepsy. In some cases the implantation of a stimulator of the vagus nerve, or a special diet can be helpful. Neurosurgical operations for epilepsy can be palliative, reducing the frequency or severity of seizures; or, in some patients, an operation can be curative. Epil ...

See also:

Epilepsy, Epilepsy - Causes, Epilepsy - Diagnosis, Epilepsy - Types of seizure, Epilepsy - Seizure syndromes, Epilepsy - Treatment, Epilepsy - Responding to a seizure, Epilepsy - Pharmacologic treatment, Epilepsy - Surgical Treatment, Epilepsy - Other Treatment, Epilepsy - History and Stigma, Epilepsy - Legal implications, Epilepsy - Important investigators of epilepsy

Read more here: » Epilepsy: Encyclopedia II - Epilepsy - Treatment

List of references in Dead Like Me - Pilot. In the opening story about toad and frog, George mentions Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" campaign about toad. She later says, "makes you wonder how much better the world would have been if frog had stuck to hawking beer", a reference to the 1995 Budweiser Frogs ad campaign. George narrates, "Bad people are punished by society's laws, and good people are punished by Murphy's law." The woman who falls off the fence (according to the latter) is listed as June ...

See also:

List of references in Dead Like Me, List of references in Dead Like Me - Season 1 2003, List of references in Dead Like Me - Pilot, List of references in Dead Like Me - Dead Girl Walking, List of references in Dead Like Me - Curious George, List of references in Dead Like Me - Reapercussions, List of references in Dead Like Me - Reaping Havoc, List of references in Dead Like Me - My Room, List of references in Dead Like Me - Reaper Madness, List of references in Dead Like Me - A Cook, List of references in Dead Like Me - Sunday Mornings, List of references in Dead Like Me - Business Unfinished, List of references in Dead Like Me - The Bicycle Thief, List of references in Dead Like Me - Nighthawks, List of references in Dead Like Me - Vacation, List of references in Dead Like Me - Rest in Peace, List of references in Dead Like Me - Season 2 2004, List of references in Dead Like Me - Send in the Clown, List of references in Dead Like Me - The Ledger, List of references in Dead Like Me - Ghost Story, List of references in Dead Like Me - The Shallow End, List of references in Dead Like Me - Hurry, List of references in Dead Like Me - In Escrow, List of references in Dead Like Me - Rites of Passage, List of references in Dead Like Me - The Escape Artist, List of references in Dead Like Me - Be Still My Heart, List of references in Dead Like Me - Death Defying, List of references in Dead Like Me - Ashes to Ashes, List of references in Dead Like Me - Forget Me Not, List of references in Dead Like Me - Last Call, List of references in Dead Like Me - Always, List of references in Dead Like Me - Haunted

Read more here: » List of references in Dead Like Me: Encyclopedia II - List of references in Dead Like Me - Season 1 2003

The most famous case of anterograde amnesia is that of HM or Henry M., the man whose lesions accidentally started the inquiry into the neurobiology of learning and memory. Oliver Sacks characterizes two individuals with anterograde amnesia in his book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. Both suffer from Korsakoff's Syndrome, which causes irreversible anterograde amnesia. The story of one patient is called "The Lost Mariner": he began forgetting everything from the end of WWII and felt certain that the date was constantly 19 ...

See also:

Anterograde amnesia, Anterograde amnesia - Famous cases, Anterograde amnesia - Anterograde amnesia in fiction

Read more here: » Anterograde amnesia: Encyclopedia II - Anterograde amnesia - Famous cases

Doctors and nurses often administer sedation to patients in order to dull the patient's anxiety related to painful or anxiety-provoking procedures. Athough sedatives do not relieve pain in themselves, they can be a useful adjunct to analgesics in preparing patients for surgery, and are commonly given to patients before they are anaesthetized, or before other highly uncomfortable and invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization or MRI. They increase tractability and compliance of children or troublesome or demanding patients. Patients in intensive care units are almost always sedated (unless they a ...

See also:

Sedative, Sedative - Types of sedative, Sedative - Therapeutic use, Sedative - Sedative dependence, Sedative - Abuse and overdoses, Sedative - Sedatives and alcohol, Sedative - Lookalikes, Sedative - Sedative drugs and crime

Read more here: » Sedative: Encyclopedia II - Sedative - Therapeutic use

Many insomniacs rely on sleeping tablets and other sedatives to try to get some rest. Others use herbs such as valerian, chamomile, lavender, hops, and/or passion-flower. Some traditional remedies for insomnia have included drinking warm milk before bedtime; taking a warm bath in the evening; exercising vigorously for half an hour in the afternoon; eating a large lunch and then having only a light evening meal at least three hours before bed; avoiding mentally stimulating activities in the evening hours; and paradoxically, making sure to get up early in the ...

See also:

Insomnia, Insomnia - Types of insomnia, Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia, Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia, Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia, Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

Read more here: » Insomnia: Encyclopedia II - Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia

Amphetamine is a synthetic drug with strong stimulant effects. In the United States, it is most commonly used for treatment of attention deficit disorders and narcolepsy, but is also approved as a weight loss medication in certain cases of obesity. Within the armed forces only, it is also frequently prescribed as an anti-fatigue pill for pilots or other individuals in situations requiring vigilance and alertness. Amphetamine is also used i ...

See also:

Amphetamine, Amphetamine - Pharmacology, Amphetamine - Medicinal use, Amphetamine - Performance enhancing use, Amphetamine - Effects of use, Amphetamine - Physiological effects, Amphetamine - Legal issues, Amphetamine - Books, Amphetamine - Notes

Read more here: » Amphetamine: Encyclopedia II - Amphetamine - Pharmacology

Many insomniacs rely on sleeping tablets and other sedatives to try to get some rest. Others use herbs such as valerian, chamomile, lavender, hops, and/or passion-flower. Some traditional remedies for insomnia have included drinking warm milk before bedtime; taking a warm bath in the evening; exercising vigorously for half an hour in the afternoon; eating a large lunch and then having only a light evening meal at least three hours before bed; avoiding mentally stimulating activities in the evening hours; and paradoxically, making sure to get up early in the ...

See also:

Insomnia, Insomnia - Types of insomnia, Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia, Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia, Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia, Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

Read more here: » Insomnia: Encyclopedia II - Treatment for insomnia

A person can have primary or secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia is sleeplessness that is not attributable to a medical or environmental cause. Secondary insomnia means that a person is having sleep problems because of something else, such as a health condition, such as generalized anxiety disorder. The most common sleep disorders which cause insomnia are: Sleep Apnea - This is when a sleeping person's breathing is interrupted, thus interrupting the normal sleep cycle. With the obstructive form of the condition, s ...

See also:

Insomnia, Insomnia - Types of insomnia, Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia, Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia, Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia, Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

Read more here: » Insomnia: Encyclopedia II - Common causes of insomnia

A person can have primary or secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia is sleeplessness that is not attributable to a medical or environmental cause. Secondary insomnia means that a person is having sleep problems because of something else, such as a health condition, such as generalized anxiety disorder. The most common sleep disorders which cause insomnia are: Sleep Apnea - This is when a sleeping person's breathing is interrupted, thus interrupting the normal sleep cycle. With the obstructive form of the condition, s ...

See also:

Insomnia, Insomnia - Types of insomnia, Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia, Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia, Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia, Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

Read more here: » Insomnia: Encyclopedia II - Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia