In the late Roman Empire. the Latin title comes meaning (imperial) 'companion' denoted the high rank of various courtiers and provincial officials, either military or administrative: before Anthemius was made emperor in the West in 467, he was military comes charged with strengthening defenses on the Danube frontier [1]. Military counts in the Late Empire and the Germanic successor kingdoms were often appointed by a dux and later by a king. From the start the count was in military charge, not of a roving warband, but settled in a locality, a cou ...

See also:

Count, Count - Definition, Count - Comital Titles in different European languages, Count - Etymological derivations from the Latin Comes, Count - Etymological parallels of the German Graf some unclear, Count - Related titles, Count - Lists of counts, Count - Territory of today's France - A - West- Francia proper, Count - Territory of today's France - B - long within the German kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, Count - In Germany, Count - In Italy, Count - In Austria, Count - In the Low Countries, Count - In Switzerland, Count - In Iberia, Count - In other continental European countries, Count - Crusader states, Count - Equivalents

Read more here: » Count: Encyclopedia II - Count - Definition

The following lists are originally based on a Glossary on Heraldica.org by Alexander Krischnig. The male form is followed by the female, and sometimes, after a second slash, by the territorial circonscription Count - Etymological derivations from the Latin Comes. Count - Etymological parallels of the German Graf some unclear. ...

See also:

Count, Count - Definition, Count - Comital Titles in different European languages, Count - Etymological derivations from the Latin Comes, Count - Etymological parallels of the German Graf some unclear, Count - Related titles, Count - Lists of counts, Count - Territory of today's France - A - West- Francia proper, Count - Territory of today's France - B - long within the German kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, Count - In Germany, Count - In Italy, Count - In Austria, Count - In the Low Countries, Count - In Switzerland, Count - In Iberia, Count - In other continental European countries, Count - Crusader states, Count - Equivalents

Read more here: » Count: Encyclopedia II - Count - Comital Titles in different European languages

With the development of the place-notational Long Count calendar (believed to have been inherited from other Mesoamerican cultures), the Maya had an elegant system within which events could be recorded in a linear relationship to one another, and also with respect to the calendar ("linear time") itself. In theory, this system could readily be extended to delineate any length of time desired, by simply adding to the number of higher-order place markers used (and thereby generating an ever-increasing sequence of day-multiples, each day in the ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time

The most important of these calendars is one with a period of 260 days. This 260-day calendar was prevalent across all Mesoamerican societies, and is of great antiquity (almost certainly the oldest of the calendars). It is still used in some regions of Oaxaca, and amongst the Maya communities of the Guatemalan highlands. The Maya version is commonly known to scholars as the Tzolkin, or Tzolk'in in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala. The Tzolkin combined with another 365-day calendar (known as ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - General overview

Mayanists have bestowed the name tzolkin (or tzolk'in, in the revised orthography which is now preferred) on the Maya version of the Mesoamerican 260-day calendar. The word was coined based on the Yucatec language, with an intended meaning of "count of days". The actual names of this calendar as used by the pre-Columbian Maya are not known. The Aztec calendar equivalent was called by them t ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Tzolk'in

The Haab was the Maya solar calendar made up of eighteen months of twenty days each and a five day month at the end of the year known as Wayeb or Uayeb that was called "the nameless days." Victoria Bricker estimates that the Haab was first used around 550 BC with the starting point of the winter solstice. The Haab was the foundation of the agrarian calendar and the month names are based on the seasons and agricultural events. For example the thirteenth month, Mac, may refer to the end of the rainy season and the fourteenth month, Kankin ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Haab

Neither the Tzolkin nor the Haab system numbered the years. The combination of a Tzolkin date and a Haab date was enough to identify a date to most people's satisfaction, as such a combination didn't occur again for another 52 years, well above life expectancy. Because the two calendars were based on 260 days and 365 days respectively, the whole cycle would repeat itself every 52 Haab years exactly. This period was known as a Calendar Round. The end of the Calendar Round was a period of unrest and bad luck among the Maya, as they waited in expectation to see if the ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Calendar Round

Another important calendar for the Maya was the Venus cycle. The Maya were excellent astronomers, and could calculate the Venus cycle extremely accurately. There are six pages in the Dresden Codex (one of the Maya codices) devoted to the accurate calculation of the location of Venus. The Maya were able to achieve such accuracy by careful observation over many years. The Venus cycle was especially important because the Maya believed it was associated with war and used it to divine good times for coronations and war. Maya rulers planned for wars to begin when Venus rose. The Maya also possibly tracked other planets’ movements, i ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Venus cycle

The main advantage of reference counting over tracing garbage collection is that objects are reclaimed as soon as they can no longer be referenced, and in an incremental fashion, without long pauses for collection cycles and with clearly defined lifetime of every object. In real-time applications or systems with limited memory, this is important to maintain responsiveness. Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of garbage collection to implement. It also allows for effective management of non-memory resources such as oper ...

See also:

Reference counting, Reference counting - Use in garbage collection, Reference counting - Advantages and disadvantages, Reference counting - Graph interpretation, Reference counting - Dealing with inefficiency of updates, Reference counting - Dealing with reference cycles, Reference counting - Variants of reference counting, Reference counting - Weighted reference counting, Reference counting - Examples of use, Reference counting - Delphi, Reference counting - Python

Read more here: » Reference counting: Encyclopedia II - Reference counting - Advantages and disadvantages

To count a group of objects means to assign a natural number to each one of the objects, as if it were a label for that object, such that a natural number is never assigned to an object unless its predecessor was already assigned to another object, with the exception that zero is not assigned to any object: the smallest natural number to be assigned is one, and the largest natural number assigned depends on the size of the group. It is called the count and i ...

See also:

Elementary arithmetic, Elementary arithmetic - The digits, Elementary arithmetic - Addition, Elementary arithmetic - Addition algorithm, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Successorship and size, Elementary arithmetic - Counting, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for a single-digit factor, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for multi-digit factors, Elementary arithmetic - Example

Read more here: » Elementary arithmetic: Encyclopedia II - Elementary arithmetic - Counting

His "Vertigo Effect" has long since been internalized somehow. It has never revealed the circumstances in which this had happened. His power is used to disrupt the balance of his enemies. In hand-to-hand and melee combat, Vertigo uses his power to disorient his opponents. He also uses the Effect to disrupt the aim of gunmen, snipers and the like. The exact range of the power is as of yet undeterminded seeing as how on one mission, guards watching hi ...

See also:

Count Vertigo, Count Vertigo - History, Count Vertigo - Starting his career, Count Vertigo - Running with the Suicide Squad, Count Vertigo - Grudges and a new Injustice Society, Count Vertigo - The present, Count Vertigo - Powers and abilities, Count Vertigo - Other Media

Read more here: » Count Vertigo: Encyclopedia II - Count Vertigo - Powers and abilities

Body count figures have a long history in military planning and propaganda. The military gathers such figures for a variety of reasons (determining the need for continuing operations, estimating efficiency of new and old weapons systems, planning follow-up operations, etc. Body counts were frequently released to "prove" that the U.S. was winning the Vietnam War; however, the accuracy of these counts was frequently questioned. Further controversy plagued body counts from the Gulf War, especially in the bulldozing Iraqi trenches incident.

See also:

Body count, Body count - Military use, Body count - 2003 invasion of Iraq, Body count - Movies

Read more here: » Body count: Encyclopedia II - Body count - Military use

In blackjack, the player has an advantage when the undealt deck is rich in high cards (10's and aces). The card counter takes advantage of this by making larger bets when this situation occurs. In the long run, the deck will be unfavorable to the player more often than it is favorable, but it is the amount bet under each condition that counts. The player can also use information about the deck's composition to alter strategy. For example, basic strategy calls for hitting a 16 when the dealer's upcard is a 10, but this is a very close ...

See also:

Card counting, Card counting - In blackjack, Card counting - History of blackjack card-counting, Card counting - Countermeasures against blackjack card-counters

Read more here: » Card counting: Encyclopedia II - Card counting - In blackjack

0 , zero, represents absence of objects to be counted. 1 , one. This is one stick: I 2 , two. This is two sticks: I I 3 , three. This is three sticks: I I I 4 , four. This is four sticks: I I I  I 5 , five. This is five sticks: I I I  I I 6 , six. This is six sticks: I I I  I I I 7 , seven. This is seven sticks: I I I  I I I ...

See also:

Elementary arithmetic, Elementary arithmetic - The digits, Elementary arithmetic - Addition, Elementary arithmetic - Addition algorithm, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Successorship and size, Elementary arithmetic - Counting, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for a single-digit factor, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for multi-digit factors, Elementary arithmetic - Example

Read more here: » Elementary arithmetic: Encyclopedia II - Elementary arithmetic - The digits

What does it mean to add two natural numbers? Suppose you have two bags, one bag holding five apples and a second bag holding three apples. Grabbing a third, empty bag, move all the apples from the first and second bags into the third bag. The third bag now holds eight apples. This illustrates the combination of three apples and five apples is eight apples; or more generally: "three plus five is eight" or "three plus five equals eight" or "eight is the sum of three and five". Numbers are abstract, and the addition of a group of three things ...

See also:

Elementary arithmetic, Elementary arithmetic - The digits, Elementary arithmetic - Addition, Elementary arithmetic - Addition algorithm, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Successorship and size, Elementary arithmetic - Counting, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for a single-digit factor, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for multi-digit factors, Elementary arithmetic - Example

Read more here: » Elementary arithmetic: Encyclopedia II - Elementary arithmetic - Addition

The result of the addition of one to a number is the successor of that number. Examples: the successor of zero is one, the successor of one is two, the successor of two is three, the successor of ten is eleven. Every natural number has a successor. The predecessor of the successor of a number is the number itself. For example, five is the successor of four therefore four is the predeces ...

See also:

Elementary arithmetic, Elementary arithmetic - The digits, Elementary arithmetic - Addition, Elementary arithmetic - Addition algorithm, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Successorship and size, Elementary arithmetic - Counting, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for a single-digit factor, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for multi-digit factors, Elementary arithmetic - Example

Read more here: » Elementary arithmetic: Encyclopedia II - Elementary arithmetic - Successorship and size

When two numbers are multiplied together, the result is called a product. The two numbers being multiplied together are called factors. What does it mean to multiply two natural numbers? Suppose there are five red bags, each one containing three apples. Now grabbing an empty green bag, move all the apples from all five red bags into the green bag. Now the green bag will have fifteen apples. Thus the product of five and three is fifteen. This can also be stated as "five times three is fifteen" or "five times three equals ...

See also:

Elementary arithmetic, Elementary arithmetic - The digits, Elementary arithmetic - Addition, Elementary arithmetic - Addition algorithm, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Successorship and size, Elementary arithmetic - Counting, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for a single-digit factor, Elementary arithmetic - Example, Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication algorithm for multi-digit factors, Elementary arithmetic - Example

Read more here: » Elementary arithmetic: Encyclopedia II - Elementary arithmetic - Multiplication

The declarer (South) plays toward dummy's long suit. Assuming there are no side entries, on the distribution shown East must duck once to prevent declarer from running the suit. Note that West must give a proper count signal in this situation. In the distribution shown, West signals an even count; East assumes it shows four and ducks once. (If West has only two, then South has four and ducking neither helps nor hurts.) If West signals an odd count, East will have to decide (possibly from the bidding or previous play in other suits) whether it show ...

See also:

Duck bridge, Duck bridge - Preserving an entry, Duck bridge - Denying an entry declarer play, Duck bridge - Denying an entry defender play, Duck bridge - Rectifying the count, Duck bridge - Endplay

Read more here: » Duck bridge: Encyclopedia II - Duck bridge - Denying an entry defender play

On January 18, 1990, Barry was arrested with a woman in a sting operation at the Vista Hotel by the FBI and D.C. Police for crack cocaine use and possession. The incident – played over and over on television – produced what is perhaps the most memorable quote of Barry's long career: "the bitch set me up!" Barry was charged with three counts of felony perjury, 10 counts of misdemeanor drug possession, and one misdemeanor count of conspiracy to possess cocaine; however, he was convicted only of a single misdemeanor count of possessing cocaine in November 1989. He was acquitted on one possession charge and a mistria ...

See also:

Marion Barry, Marion Barry - Early life and activism, Marion Barry - Washington D.C. political career, Marion Barry - Conviction, Marion Barry - Health problems

Read more here: » Marion Barry: Encyclopedia II - Marion Barry - Conviction

There are several distinct but not mutually exclusive clinical alcohol withdrawal syndromes caused by alcohol withdrawal: Tremulousness - "the shakes" Activation syndrome - characterized by tremulousness, agitation, rapid heart beat and high blood pressure. Seizures - acute grand mal seizures can occur in alcohol withdrawal in patients who have no history of seizure or any structural brain disease. Hallucinations - usually visual or tactile in alcoholics Delirium tr ...

See also:

Alcoholism, Alcoholism - Discussion, Alcoholism - Diagnosis, Alcoholism - Biological mechanism, Alcoholism - As a disease, Alcoholism - Effects, Alcoholism - Long-term, Alcoholism - Screening, Alcoholism - Blood tests, Alcoholism - Treatments, Alcoholism - Social impact, Alcoholism - Social versus physical dependence, Alcoholism - Politics and public health, Alcoholism - Alcohol withdrawal

Read more here: » Alcoholism: Encyclopedia II - Alcoholism - Alcohol withdrawal

Today, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are major public health problems in North America, costing the region's inhabitants an estimated US$170 billion annually. Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are life-threatening problems that sometimes end in death, particularly through liver, pancreatic, or kidney disease, internal bleeding, brain deterioration, alcohol poisoning, and suicide. Heavy alcohol consumption by a pregnant mother can also lead to fetal alcohol syndrome ...

See also:

Alcoholism, Alcoholism - Discussion, Alcoholism - Diagnosis, Alcoholism - Biological mechanism, Alcoholism - As a disease, Alcoholism - Effects, Alcoholism - Long-term, Alcoholism - Screening, Alcoholism - Blood tests, Alcoholism - Treatments, Alcoholism - Social impact, Alcoholism - Social versus physical dependence, Alcoholism - Politics and public health, Alcoholism - Alcohol withdrawal

Read more here: » Alcoholism: Encyclopedia II - Alcoholism - Effects