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Logos: Encyclopedia - Logos
The Greek word λόγος or logos is a word with various meanings. It is often translated into English as "Word" but can also mean thoug...
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Logos: Encyclopedia Ii - Logos - Use In Rhetoric
In rhetoric, logos is one of the three modes of persuasion (the other two are pathos, emotional appeal, and ethos, the qualification of t...
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Logos: Encyclopedia Ii - Logos - Use In Christianity
In Christianity, it is often suggested that the prologue of the Gospel of John calls Jesus the Logos (usually translated as "the Word" in...
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Antimetabole: Encyclopedia - Antimetabole
In rhetoric, antimetabole is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in reverse grammatical order (ex: "I know what I like, an...
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Rhetoric: Encyclopedia - Rhetoric
Rhetoric (from Greek ρήτωρ, rhêtôr, "orator") is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are dialecti...
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Amplification: Encyclopedia - Amplification
Amplification refers to the act and the means of extending thoughts or statements to increase rhetorical effect, to add importance, or to...
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Wayne C. Booth: Encyclopedia - Wayne C. Booth
Wayne Clayson Booth (February 22, 1921 – October 10, 2005) was an American literary critic. He was the George M. Pullman Distinguished ...
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Philosophical Analysis: Encyclopedia - Philosophical Analysis
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion.
Phi...
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Catachresis: Encyclopedia - Catachresis
Catachresis is the (usually intentional) use of any figure of speech that flagrantly violates the norms of a language community. Compare ...
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Apophasis: Encyclopedia - Apophasis
Apophasis (Late Latin, from Greek apophanai, "to say no" [1]) refers, in general, to "mentioning by not mentioning". Apophasis has specif...
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Climax Figure Of Speech: Encyclopedia - Climax Figure Of Speech
In rhetoric, climax is a figure of speech, in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance. It is some...
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Bad: Encyclopedia - Bad
Bad is a concept used to describe undesirable circumstances or events.
Though bad often is used to imply moral turpitude of a person, the...
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Aposiopesis: Encyclopedia - Aposiopesis
Aposiopesis (from Classical Greek, ἀποσιώπησις, "becoming silent") is the term for the rhetorical device by which the speake...
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Antisthenes: Encyclopedia - Antisthenes
Antisthenes (c. 444-365 BC), the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy, was born at Athens of a Thracian mother.
In his youth he stud...
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Periphrasis: Encyclopedia - Periphrasis
Periphrasis, like its Latin counterpart circumlocution, is a figure of speech where the meaning of a word or phrase is indirectly express...
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Antonomasia: Encyclopedia - Antonomasia
Antonomasia is a rhetoric device: the substitution of any epithet or phrase for a proper name; the opposite substitution of a proper name...
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West Coast Of The United States: Encyclopedia - West Coast Of The United States
In general, the term "West Coast" is a nickname for the coastal states of the Western United States, comprising California, Oregon and W...
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Ad Nauseam: Encyclopedia - Ad Nauseam
Ad nauseam is a Latin term used to describe something that has been continuing "to the point of nausea." For example "This topic has been...
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Biblical Criticism: Encyclopedia - Biblical Criticism
Biblical criticism is a form of Historical Criticism that seeks to analyze the Bible through asking certain questions of the text, such a...
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Aulus Gellius: Encyclopedia - Aulus Gellius
Aulus Gellius (c. AD 125 - after 180), Latin author and grammarian, possibly of African origin, probably born and certainly brought up at...
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Auxentius: Encyclopedia - Auxentius
Auxentius (fl. c. 355 died 374), by tradition a Scythian of Cappadocia was an Arian theologian of some eminence who held the see of Milan...
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Aelius Donatus: Encyclopedia - Aelius Donatus
Aelius Donatus (fl. late 4th century AD) was a Roman grammarian and teacher of rhetoric. The only fact known regarding his life is that h...
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Alliteration: Encyclopedia - Alliteration
Alliteration is a stylistic device, or literary technique, in which successive words (more strictly, stressed syllables) begin with the s...
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Symbolism: Encyclopedia - Symbolism
Symbolism is the systematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstracted representations of concepts or objects and the distinct re...
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Bekker Numbers: Encyclopedia - Bekker Numbers
Bekker numbers are the page numbers used in the Prussian Academy of Sciences edition of the complete works of Aristotle. They take their ...
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Kairos: Encyclopedia Ii - Kairos - In Rhetoric
Kairos was cental to the Sophists, who stressed the rhetor's ability to adapt to and take advantage of changing, contingent circumstances...
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Apophasis: Encyclopedia Ii - Apophasis - In Rhetoric
Apophasis is a rhetorical figure of speech wherein the speaker or writer invokes a subject by denying that it should be invoked. As such,...
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Rhetoric: Encyclopedia Ii - Rhetoric - History
Rhetoric - Introduction.
The scholarly literature on the 2500-year history and theory of rhetoric in Western culture is far too volumin...
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Rhetoric: Encyclopedia Ii - Rhetoric - History
Rhetoric - Introduction.
The scholarly literature on the 2500-year history and theory of rhetoric in Western culture is far too volumin...
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Philosophical Analysis: Encyclopedia Ii - Philosophical Analysis - Meaning
Main articles: Meaning, and Philosophy of language, and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]
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Gorgias: Encyclopedia Ii - Gorgias - Introduction
Due to his ushering in of rhetorical innovations involving structure and ornamentation and his introduction of paradoxologia – the idea...
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Philosophical Analysis: Encyclopedia Ii - Philosophical Analysis - Arguments
Main articles: Logical argument, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]
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Overdetermination: Encyclopedia Ii - Overdetermination - For Richards And Literature
The New Critic I.A. Richards used the idea of overdetermination in order to explain the importance of ambiguity in rhetoric, the philosop...
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Inventio: Encyclopedia Ii - Inventio - Topoi
In classical rhetoric, arguments are obtained from various sources of information, or topoi (from the Greek for "places"; i.e. "places to...
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Anthropomorphism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthropomorphism - In Rhetoric
Anthropomorphism in the form of personification consists of creating imaginary persons who are the embodiment of an abstraction such as D...
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Anthropomorphism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthropomorphism - In Rhetoric
Anthropomorphism in the form of personification consists of creating imaginary persons who are the embodiment of an abstraction such as D...
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Longinus Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Longinus Literature - Writing Style And Rhetoric
Despite its faults, the treatise remains critically successful because of its “noble tone,” “apt precepts,” “judicious attitude...
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Individual Events: Encyclopedia Ii - Individual Events - Individual Events: The Events Themselves
There are many types of events included in any Individual Events competition, and these events vary by state and/or conference. They incl...
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Sophism: Encyclopedia Ii - Sophism - Origins
The meaning of the word sophist (gr. sophis meaning "wise-ist," or one who 'does' wisdom; cf. sophós, "wise man", cf. also wizard) has c...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Examples Of Metonymy
Some common examples of metonymy are:
The pen is mightier than the sword (pen is a metonym for writers and the exchange of ideas; sword ...
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Trope: Encyclopedia Ii - Trope - Linguistic Usage
A trope is a rhetorical figure of speech that consists of a play on words, i.e. using a word in a way other than what is considered its l...
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Defeasible Reasoning: Encyclopedia Ii - Defeasible Reasoning - Origins In Philosophy
Though Aristotle differentiated the forms of reasoning that are valid for logic and philosophy from the more general ones that are used i...
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Quintilian: Encyclopedia Ii - Quintilian - Quintilian's Works
The only extant work of Quintilian is his masterwork, a twelve-volume textbook on rhetoric entitled Institutio Oratoria. It is important ...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Metonymy As A Rhetorical Strategy
Metonymy can also refer to the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it. For example, in J...
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Straw Man: Encyclopedia Ii - Straw Man - In Logic And Rhetoric
A straw-man argument is the practice of refuting a weaker argument than an opponent actually offers. To "set up a straw man" or "set up a...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Metonymy As A Rhetorical Strategy
Metonymy can also refer to the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it. For example, in J...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Synecdoche And Metonymy
Synecdoche, where a specific part of something is taken to refer to the whole, is usually understood as a specific kind of metonymy. Some...
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Trope: Encyclopedia Ii - Trope - Tropes In Philosophy
Trope - In Philosophy of history.
The use of tropes has been extended from a linguistic usage to the field of philosophy of history by,...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Metonymy And Metaphor
Metonymy works by contiguity rather than similarity. The White House is associated with, or near, the president; a writer always has a pe...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Metonymy Vs. Metaphor
Metonymy works by contiguity rather than similarity. The printing press produces newspapers (hence, "the press" for the news media); food...
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Question Mark: Encyclopedia Ii - Question Mark - Variants In Other Languages And In History
In some languages, such as Spanish and Galician, typography since the 18th century has required opening and closing question marks; an in...
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Question Mark: Encyclopedia Ii - Question Mark - Variants In Other Languages And In History
In some languages, such as Spanish and Galician, typography since the 18th century has required opening and closing question marks; an in...
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Logorrhoea: Encyclopedia Ii - Logorrhoea - Logorrhoea As A Description Of Rhetoric
The word logorrhoea is often used pejoratively to describe prose that is highly abstract and contains little concrete language. Since abs...
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Ad Hominem: Encyclopedia Ii - Ad Hominem - Ad Hominem As Logical Fallacy
A (fallacious) ad hominem argument has the basic form:
A makes claim B;
there is something objectionable about A,
therefore claim B is f...
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Metonymy: Encyclopedia Ii - Metonymy - Synecdoche And Metonymy
Synecdoche, where a specific part of something is taken to refer to the whole, is usually understood as a specific kind of metonymy. Some...
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Trope: Encyclopedia Ii - Trope - Literary Usage
In literature, a trope is a familiar and repeated symbol, meme, theme, motif, style, character or thing that permeates a particular type ...
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Inventio: Encyclopedia Ii - Inventio - Stasis
The procedure known as stasis was another important part of the invention process. This involved the practice of posing and exploring que...
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Figure Of Speech: Encyclopedia Ii - Figure Of Speech - Classification
Figures of speech have been classified into a number of different categories. Most figures originated out of centuries of philological co...
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Mikhail Bakhtin: Encyclopedia Ii - Mikhail Bakhtin - Influence
Throughout his lifetime Bakhtin made a significant contribution to the world of literary and rhetorical theory and criticism. He is known...
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Lie: Encyclopedia Ii - Lie - Sociology And Linguistics Of Lying
George Lakoff, in criticizing some claims of George W. Bush made prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, notes that:
Are they lies—or ar...
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Moses Ibn Ezra: Encyclopedia Ii - Moses Ibn Ezra - His Rhetoric
Far more successful was the "Kitab al-Muḥaḍarah wal-Mudhakarah," a treatise on rhetoric and poetry, which was composed on the lines o...
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Quintilian: Encyclopedia Ii - Quintilian - Institutio Oratoria
Quintilian - Introduction.
As mentioned above, Quintilian wrote his book during the last years of the reign of Emperor Domitian. In the...
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Philip Sidney: Encyclopedia Ii - Philip Sidney - On Method Apology
Sidney’s approach to censorship in Apology is through his use of rhetorical devices. Censorship is one problem Sidney had to overcome w...
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Psychobabble Jargon: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychobabble Jargon - Groups Prone To Its Use
Sources that are often suggested to be using psychobabble include the phraseology of New Agers, self-help groups, personal development co...
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Classical Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Classical Education - The Overall Organization
Classical education developed many of the terms now used to describe modern education. Western classical education has three phases, each...
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Ecphrasis: Encyclopedia Ii - Ecphrasis - From Form To Ecphrasis
It was this epitome, this template of the ideal form, that a craftsman or later an artist would try to reconstruct in his attempt to achi...
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Pedophile Activism: Encyclopedia Ii - Pedophile Activism - Impacts Of Scientific Papers On Pedophilia Advocacy
Pedophile activists often attempt to refute scientific research that finds all sexual contact between adults and children to be harmful. ...
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Chiasmus: Encyclopedia Ii - Chiasmus - Examples
Chiasmus - Chiasmus: broader sense.
These examples are often quoted by modern commentators to demonstrate chiasmus, although most are ...
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Hugh Blair: Encyclopedia Ii - Hugh Blair - Major Works
Blair is best known for the publication of three major works: A Critical Dissertation on the Poems of Ossian, Son of Fingal, Sermons, and...
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Johannes Nucius: Encyclopedia Ii - Johannes Nucius - Works And Influence
Nucius's music shows the influence of Lassus above all. He published two collections of motets, containing a total of 102 pieces, as well...
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Barbarian: Encyclopedia Ii - Barbarian - Hellenic Stereotype
Out of those sources the Hellenic stereotype was elaborated: barbarians are like children, unable to speak or reason properly, cowardly, ...
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Trivia: Encyclopedia Ii - Trivia - Etymology
A number of theories have been put forward as to the etymology of the word "trivia". One variation dates to early Latin, from the prefix ...
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Aristotelian Ethics: Encyclopedia Ii - Aristotelian Ethics - Influences Of Earlier Greek Ethical Systems
Aristotle's ethics builds upon earlier Greek ethics, particularly that of Aristotle's teacher Plato and his teacher, Socrates. One import...
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Poet Laureate: Encyclopedia Ii - Poet Laureate - Origin Of The Term
The laurel, in ancient Greece, was sacred to Apollo, and as such was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes; and t...
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Giambattista Vico: Encyclopedia Ii - Giambattista Vico - Response To The Cartesian Method
As he relates in his autobiography, Vico returned to Naples from Vatolla to find “the physics of Descartes at the height of its renown ...
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Trope: Encyclopedia Ii - Trope - Tropes In Music
Trope - In Jewish religious liturgy.
The Old Testament is referred to by Jews as the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible. The standard text acce...
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Apples And Oranges: Encyclopedia Ii - Apples And Oranges - Apples And Oranges In Teaching The Use Of Units
While references to "comparing" apples and oranges is often a rhetorical device, references to "adding" apples and oranges are made in th...
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Norman Fairclough: Encyclopedia Ii - Norman Fairclough - Methodology Of Cda
Fairclough's line of study, also called textually oriented discourse analysis or TODA, to distinguish it from philosophical enquires not ...
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Lowest Common Denominator: Encyclopedia Ii - Lowest Common Denominator - Figurative Uses
The term is used figuratively to refer to the "lowest"—least useful, least advanced, or similar—member of a class or set which is com...
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Code Word Figure Of Speech: Encyclopedia Ii - Code Word Figure Of Speech - Politics
In recent US political context, this refers to words or phrases allegedly used by neo-conservatives to reassure right-wing followers; a s...
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Tenth Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - Tenth Crusade - Tenth Crusade
In the September 7, 2002 issue of Counterpunch, columnist Alexander Cockburn authored an opinion column titled "The Tenth Crusade" in whi...
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Nahj Al Balagha: Encyclopedia Ii - Nahj Al Balagha - Etymology
Nahj means open way, road, course, method or manner
Balaghah means eloquence, art of good style and communication, rhetoric etc
...
See...
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Renaissance Humanism: Encyclopedia Ii - Renaissance Humanism - As A Literary Movement
Humanists placed a heavy emphasis on the study of primary sources, or the original texts, rather than the study of the interpretations of...
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A People's History Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - A People's History Of The United States - Criticisms
Although widely praised in leftist political circles, the book is not without its critics, primarily from conservatives, such as Dan Flyn...
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Trope: Encyclopedia Ii - Trope - Literary Usage
In literature, a trope is a familiar and repeated symbol, meme, theme, motif, style, character or thing that permeates a particular type ...
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Code Word Figure Of Speech: Encyclopedia Ii - Code Word Figure Of Speech - Professional
Professionals may use code words to send messages to one another in the presence of a client or customer. For example, a customer support...
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Rainbow Nation: Encyclopedia Ii - Rainbow Nation - Rainbow Influence
Rainbow Nation, as a spoken metaphor for South African unity is uniquely (although not deliberately) represented by the internationally a...
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Christian Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Poetry - Overview Of Christian Poetry
Poetic forms have been used by Christians since the recorded history of the faith begins. The earliest Christian poetry, in fact, appears...
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Metaphor: Encyclopedia Ii - Metaphor - Aspects Of Metaphor
Metaphor - Scope and definition.
A metaphor is, commonly, a figure of speech used to paint one concept with the attributes normally ass...
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Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Poetry - Tools
Poetry - Sound.
Perhaps the most vital element of sound in poetry is rhythm. Often the rhythm of each line is arranged in a particular ...
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Philip Sidney: Encyclopedia Ii - Philip Sidney - Influence An Apology For Poetry
Sir Philip Sidney’s influence can be seen in the work of the poet and critic, Percy Bysshe Shelley. Shelley’s modern argument for poe...
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The Clouds: Encyclopedia Ii - The Clouds - The Plot
The play opens with a citizen of Athens, Strepsiades (whose name means "Twister"), bemoaning the addiction of Pheidippides, his pretty-bo...
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Pleonasm: Encyclopedia Ii - Pleonasm - Pleonasm Usage
Often pleonasm is understood to mean an excess word or phrase which is unnecessary, clichéd, or wrong. But a pleonasm can also be simply...
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Republican In Name Only: Encyclopedia Ii - Republican In Name Only - Rhetoric
The term RINO originated in the 1990s and came into widespread usage around 2000 [1]. It is used by conservatives to delegitimize moderat...
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Pleonasm: Encyclopedia Ii - Pleonasm - Pleonasm Usage
Often pleonasm is understood to mean an excess word or phrase which is unnecessary, clichéd, or wrong. But a pleonasm can also be simply...
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Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Controversy - In Propaganda
The term is not always used in a purely descriptive way. The use of the word tends itself to create controversy where none may have authe...
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Self-irony: Encyclopedia Ii - Self-irony - Theorising Self-irony
Self-irony is a conception of self that is disembodied and reflexive. It is disembodied in the sense that it can be inscribed into texts,...
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Logos: Encyclopedia Ii - Logos - Similar Concepts
Within Eastern religions there are ideas with varying degrees of similarity to the philosophical and Christian uses. Two concepts with so...
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Logos: Encyclopedia Ii - Logos - Use In Ancient Philosophy
In ancient philosophy, Logos was used by Heraclitus, one of the more eminent Pre-Socratic Greek philosophers, to describe human knowledge...
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