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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Lülin | | | |  Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Lülin - Start of the rebellionIn 17, the Jing Province (荊州, modern Hubei, Hunan, and southern Henan) was suffering a famine that was greatly exacerbated by the corruption and incompetence of Xin officials. The victims of the famine were reduced to consuming wild plants, and even those were in short supply, causing the suffering people to attack each other. Two men named Wang Kuang (王匡) and Wang Feng (王鳳), both from Xinshi (新市, in modern Jingmen, Hubei) became arbiters in some of these disputes, and they became the leaders of the enfamined people. They wer ...
See also:Lülin, Lülin - Start of the rebellion, Lülin - Temporary breakup after plague, Lülin - Reunion and the start of political ambition, Lülin - Reestablishment of the Han Dynasty Under Emperor Gengshi, Lülin - The Battle of Kunyang, Lülin - Initial infighting and Liu Yan's death, Lülin - The destruction of Wang Mang and subsequent movement to Chang'an, Lülin - The destruction of Emperor Gengshi's regime Read more here: » Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Lülin - Start of the rebellion |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi
Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi.
Main article: Emperor Gengshi of Han
By this point, many other rebel leaders had become jealous of Liu Yan's capabilities, and while a good number of their men admired Liu Yan and wanted him to become the emperor of a newly declared Han Dynasty, they had other ideas. They found another local rebel leader, Liu Xuan, a third cousin of Liu Yan, who was claiming the title of General Gengshi (更始將軍) at the time and who was considered a wea ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei Circa 17, due to Wang Mang's incompetence in ruling -- particularly in his implementation of his land reform policy -- and a major Yellow River flood affecting the modern Shandong and northern Jiangsu regions, the people who could no longer subsist on farming were forced into rebellion to try to survive. The rebellions were numerous and fractured. Two key major examples are discussed below.
Chimei - Mother Lü.
The case of Mother Lü (呂母, personal name unknown) was a highlyl unusual one. Her son was a ...
See also:Chimei, Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei, Chimei - Mother Lü, Chimei - Fan Chong, Chimei - The joining of the forces, Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan, Chimei - Temporary submission to Emperor Gengshi, Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an, Chimei - Loss of popular support, Chimei - Flight back east and collapse, Chimei - Aftermaths Read more here: » Chimei: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - Loss of popular support Meanwhile, Emperor Penzi was installed on the Han throne in Chang'an. Initially, the people of the Guanzhong (關中, modern central Shaanxi) region submitted and offered tributes -- and were surprised when the Chimei soldiers continuously robbed them on the way to Chang'an. The locals soon resumed maintaining and defending their outposts. They also started to look forward to Liu Xiu, who by then had declared himself as an emperor as well (establishing the Eastern Han Dynasty), and his general Deng Yu (鄧禹), whose forces were then station ...
See also:Chimei, Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei, Chimei - Mother Lü, Chimei - Fan Chong, Chimei - The joining of the forces, Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan, Chimei - Temporary submission to Emperor Gengshi, Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an, Chimei - Loss of popular support, Chimei - Flight back east and collapse, Chimei - Aftermaths Read more here: » Chimei: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - Loss of popular support |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion In 22, with virtually the entire empire rebelling against Wang Mang's incompetent rule, Liu Yan prepared his rebellion. He planned, along with his brothers, and Li Tong (李通) and his cousin Li Yi (李軼), to kidnap the governor for Nanyang Commandery (roughly modern Nanyang, Henan) and call for the people of the commandery to join him. When the young men of their home territory of Chongling heard about the rebellion, they were all scared to join -- until they saw that Liu Xiu was part of the rebellion as well, figuring that if even a caref ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - Flight back east and collapse In autumn 26, The Chimei forces attacked the territory held by the regional warlord Wei Xiao (隗囂), but were repelled by Wei. At this time, they suffered from a sudden cold spell that froze many soldiers to death. They headed back east and reentered Chang'an and engaged in a series of battles with Deng and, despite their reduced strength at this time, continued to defeat Deng regularly. The wars led to a severe famine in the Guangzhong region, which affected not only the people of the region but also both Chimei and Deng's forces. Chimei, ...
See also:Chimei, Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei, Chimei - Mother Lü, Chimei - Fan Chong, Chimei - The joining of the forces, Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan, Chimei - Temporary submission to Emperor Gengshi, Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an, Chimei - Loss of popular support, Chimei - Flight back east and collapse, Chimei - Aftermaths Read more here: » Chimei: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - Flight back east and collapse |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Gengshi of Han - Defeat by Chimei In winter 24, an ominous issue would arise for Emperor Gengshi; Chimei troops, then stationed at Puyang (濮陽, modern Puyang, Henan), were highly fatigued at the time and wanted to go home. Their leaders felt that if they did so, Chimei forces would scatter and be unable to be gathered again, and they felt that a clear target needs to be created. They decided to announce that they were attacking Emperor Gengshi's capital Chang'an, and they, divided into two armies, began to head west. Liu Xiu, while he had fairly strong troops, chose to st ...
See also:Emperor Gengshi of Han, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Start of reign and destruction of Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Attempted consolidation of power, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Defeat by Chimei, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Gengshi of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Gengshi of Han - Defeat by Chimei |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Gengshi of Han - Attempted consolidation of power After Wang Mang's death, Emperor Gengshi moved his capital from Wancheng to Luoyang. He then issued edicts to the entire empire, promising to allow Xin local officials who submitted to him to keep their posts. For a brief period, nearly the entire empire showed at least nominal submission -- even including the powerful Chimei general Fan Chong (樊崇), who, indeed, went to stay in Luoyang under promises of titles and honors. However, this policy was applied inconsistently, and local governors soon became apprehensive about giving up their p ...
See also:Emperor Gengshi of Han, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Start of reign and destruction of Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Attempted consolidation of power, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Defeat by Chimei, Emperor Gengshi of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Gengshi of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Gengshi of Han - Attempted consolidation of power |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Liu Yan - Rebellion against Xin In 22, with virtually the entire empire rebelling against Wang Mang's incompetent rule, Liu Yan prepared his rebellion. He planned, along with his brothers, and Li Tong (李通) and his cousin Li Yi (李軼), to kidnap the governor for Nanyang Commandery (roughly modern Nanyang, Henan) and call for the people of the commandery to join him. When the young men of their home territory of Chongling heard about the rebellion, they were all scared to join -- until they saw that Liu Xiu was part of the rebellion as well, figuring that if even a careful man like Liu Xiu was part of th ...
See also:Liu Yan, Liu Yan - Family background, Liu Yan - Rebellion against Xin, Liu Yan - Being passed over as emperor, Liu Yan - Death Read more here: » Liu Yan: Encyclopedia II - Liu Yan - Rebellion against Xin |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan By 22, the forces that Jing and Wang led against Fan and other rebel generals were in shambles, and in 22, Fan killed Jing in battle.
Wang Mang reacted by sending two of his senior generals, Wang Kuang (王匡) and Lian Dan (廉丹) with a massive (100,000+ men) regular force, against these rebels. Fan and the other rebel leaders, concerned that during battles it would become impossible to tell friend or foe, ordered that their men color their eyebrows ...
See also:Chimei, Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei, Chimei - Mother Lü, Chimei - Fan Chong, Chimei - The joining of the forces, Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan, Chimei - Temporary submission to Emperor Gengshi, Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an, Chimei - Loss of popular support, Chimei - Flight back east and collapse, Chimei - Aftermaths Read more here: » Chimei: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an By late 24, while Chimei was strong militarily, but the soldiers were fatigued from all of the wars and wanted to return home. Fan and the other leaders concluded that in order to keep them together, a bigger goal needed to be set. They therefore set their eyes on Emperor Gengshi's regime, which by then had relocated to Chang'an. The Chimei forces were divided into two armies, one led by Fan and Pang, targeting Wu Gate (武關, in modern Shangluo, Shaanxi), and the other led by Xu, Xie, and Yang, targeting Luhun Gate (陸渾關, in m ...
See also:Chimei, Chimei - The rise of what would become Chimei, Chimei - Mother Lü, Chimei - Fan Chong, Chimei - The joining of the forces, Chimei - The confrontation with Xin forces under Wang Kuang and Lian Dan, Chimei - Temporary submission to Emperor Gengshi, Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an, Chimei - Loss of popular support, Chimei - Flight back east and collapse, Chimei - Aftermaths Read more here: » Chimei: Encyclopedia II - Chimei - Campaign against Chang'an |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background Liu Xiu was the sixth generation descendant of Emperor Jing of the Former (or Western) Han. He was the son of Liu Qin (劉欽), magistrate (i.e., head official) of Nandun county (南頓令). Liu Qin was the son of Liu Hui (劉回), vice governor in charge of military affairs for Julu commandery (鉅鹿都尉). Liu Hui was the son of Liu Wai (劉外), governor of Yulin commandery (鬱林太守). Liu Wai was the son of Liu Mai (劉買), known posthumously as Marquess Jie of Chongling (舂陵節侯). Liu Mai was the son of Liu Fa (劉發), know ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi In autumn 24, Liu Xiu, still ostensibly an official under Emperor Gengshi, successfully pacified some of the larger agrarian rebel groups and merged them into his own forces. He also started replacing officials loyal to Emperor Gengshi with those loyal to himself. He consolidated his power north of the Yellow River and, as he predicted that the powerful Chimei would destroy Emperor Gengshi's government for him, he waited by for that to happen, not intervening on either side as that conflict was developing. He put Kou Xun (寇恂) in charge o ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire Although Emperor Guangwu had already created many of his generals and officials marquesses, in 37, after the conquest of the empire was largely complete, he readjusted their marches in accordance with their accomplishments. He also considered what would be the best way to preserve the relationships between him and his generals and to protect their title and position. He therefore resolved to give the generals large marches but not give them official positions in his government. He rewarded them with great wealth and often listened to their a ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire
Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei.
Main article: Chimei
Soon after Emperor Guangwu's ascension, his former liege Emperor Gengshi's regime was destroyed by the Chimei, who supported their own pretender to the Han throne, Emperor Liu Penzi. The Chimei leaders, while militarily powerful, were however, even less capable at ruling than Emperor Gengshi, and they soon alienated the people of the Guanzhong (關中, modern central Shaanxi) region, which they had taken over when they overthrew ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues As alluded above, while still under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu married his childhood sweetheart Yin Lihua. Later, in 24, while he was on his expedition north of the Yellow River, he entered into a political marriage with Guo Shengtong (郭聖通), the niece of a regional warlord, Liu Yang (劉楊) the Prince of Zhending. In 25, Guo bore him a son, Liu Jiang (劉疆).
In 26, Emperor Guangwu was prepared to create an empress, and he favored his first love, Yin. However, Yin had not yet had a son by that point, and she declined the empress position and endorsed Guo. Emperor Guan ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign In 47, an opportunity arose with regard to Xiongnu. Xiongnu had a succession dispute, pitting the current chanyu, Punu (蒲奴) against his cousin Bi (比), the son of a former chanyu. In 48, Bi also claimed the title of chanyu, and submitted to Emperor Guangwu's authority. Punu also submitted, in response, and the divided Xiongnu stopped waging war against Han.
In 49, a rare blot on Emperor Guangwu's rule occurred. He had once again commissioned Ma Yuan to go on an expedition -- against the indigenous people of the Wulin Commandery ( ...
See also:Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Family background, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Participation in his brother's rebellion, Emperor Guangwu of Han - As official under Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The ascension of Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - The Battle of Kunyang, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Liu Yan's death and Liu Xiu's bare survival, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Role in reorganization of Emperor Gengshi's regime and dispatch to northern China, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Independence from Emperor Gengshi, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Campaign to unify the empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Victory over the Chimei, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Gradual victories over other regional powers, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Reign over unified empire, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Marital and succession issues, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Era names, Emperor Guangwu of Han - Personal information Read more here: » Emperor Guangwu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Guangwu of Han - Late reign |
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| | | | Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Lülin - The destruction of Wang Mang and subsequent movement to Chang'an Emperor Gengshi then commissioned two armies, one led by Wang Kuang, targeting Luoyang, and the other led by Shentu Jian (申屠建) and Li Song (李松), targeting Chang'an directly. All the populace on the way gathered, welcomed, and joined the Han forces. Shentu and Li quickly reached the outskirts of Chang'an. In response, the young men within Chang'an also rose up and stormed Weiyang Palace, the main imperial palace. Wang died in the battle at the palace.
After Wang Mang's death, Emperor Gengshi moved his capital from Wancheng to ...
See also:Lülin, Lülin - Start of the rebellion, Lülin - Temporary breakup after plague, Lülin - Reunion and the start of political ambition, Lülin - Reestablishment of the Han Dynasty Under Emperor Gengshi, Lülin - The Battle of Kunyang, Lülin - Initial infighting and Liu Yan's death, Lülin - The destruction of Wang Mang and subsequent movement to Chang'an, Lülin - The destruction of Emperor Gengshi's regime Read more here: » Lülin: Encyclopedia II - Lülin - The destruction of Wang Mang and subsequent movement to Chang'an |
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