Liu Cong was Liu Yuan's fourth son, by his concubine Consort Zhang. When he was young, he was considered both intelligent and strong, and when he studied in the Jin capital Luoyang, his knowledge was said to have impressed the Jin officials Le Guang (樂廣) and Zhang Hua. Eventually, he was invited by the ambitious Sima Yong the Prince of Hejian to be on his staff, but he was concerned that since his father was on the staff of Sima Ying the Crown Prince, he would be considered to have divided loyalties. He therefore fled to ...

See also:

Liu Cong, Liu Cong - Early career, Liu Cong - Early reign, Liu Cong - Late reign, Liu Cong - Era names, Liu Cong - Personal information

Read more here: » Liu Cong: Encyclopedia II - Liu Cong - Early career

See also:

Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Succession

Crown Prince Liu Ying, the eldest son of Liu Bang and Empress Lü, was the heir apparent of Liu Bang. However, Liu Bang disliked him because he considered Ying to be too weak as a ruler. His favorite son was Ruyi, Prince Yin of Zhao, by Lady Qi, one of his favorite concubines. Liu Bang attempted to make Ruyi crown prince but failed because most of his ministers remained loyal to Ying and his mother Empress Lü. Liu Bang's affection for Lady Qi and Ruyi inflamed Exmpress Lü, and after she became empress dowager after her son's accession after Liu Bang's ...

See also:

Emperor Gaozu of Han, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Succession, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Personality, Emperor Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Gaozu of Han - Succession

Xiang Yu (Traditional:項羽; Simplified: 项羽; Wade-Giles: Hsiang Yü; pinyin: Xiàng Yǚ; 232 BC - 202 BC) was a prominent general during the fall of the Qin Dynasty. His name was Ji (籍), Yu was his courtesy name. He was a descendant of Chu nobility. A great general, it took him only several years to put a giant empire effectively at his whim -- but no diplomat or statesman, his impetuous nature and inability to realize his shortcomings doomed him to failure. He is commonly known by his self-styled title of Xichu Bawang ( ...

Including:

• Xiang Yu - Early career
• Xiang Yu - The Battle of Julu and Xiang's rise to military supremacy
• Xiang Yu - Entry into Qin proper and Xiang's jealousy of Liu Bang
• Xiang Yu - Xiang's deposition of Prince Xin of Chu and division of the empire
• Xiang Yu - Xiang's downfall
• Xiang Yu - Impact on Chinese history

Read more here: » Xiang Yu: Encyclopedia - Xiang Yu

How Liu Ying's childhood was like is not completely clear. What is known is that he was not his father Liu Bang's oldest son -- that would be Liu Fei, who would later be created the Prince of Qi. However, Liu Ying was considered to be the proper heir because his mother, the later Empress Lü, was Liu Bang's wife, while Liu Fei's mother was either a concubine or a mistress. What is also known is that during Chu Han Contention, when Liu Bang fought a five-year war with Xiang Yu for supremacy over the Chinese world, his mother, his siste ...

See also:

Emperor Hui of Han, Emperor Hui of Han - Early life and years as crown prince, Emperor Hui of Han - Reign as emperor, Emperor Hui of Han - Marriage and children, Emperor Hui of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Hui of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Hui of Han - Early life and years as crown prince

Several members of the imperial Liu clan were naturally suspicious of Acting Emperor Wang's intentions. They started or assisted in several failed rebellions against Wang: In 6, Liu Chong (劉崇), the Marquess of Anzhong, made an attack against Wancheng (宛城, in modern Nanyang, Henan). His attack failed, but historians did not specify what happened to him, other than that as punishment, Wang had his house filled with filthy water. In 7, Zhai Yi (翟義), the governor of the Commandery of Dong (roughly modern Puyang, ...

See also:

Ruzi Ying, Ruzi Ying - Choice as the titular ruler, Ruzi Ying - Brief reign, Ruzi Ying - Life during Xin Dynasty, Ruzi Ying - Death, Ruzi Ying - Era names, Ruzi Ying - Personal information

Read more here: » Ruzi Ying: Encyclopedia II - Ruzi Ying - Brief reign

After Liu Bang's success in extinguishing the remainder of Qin Dynasty by capturing its capital Xianyang in winter 207 BC, Xiang Yu, jealous of Liu, nevertheless refused to obey the promise by Mi Xing, Prince Huai of Chu to create Liu the Prince of Qing. Rather, Xiang gave Liu the remote Principality of Han (modern Sichuan, Chongqing, and southern Shaanxi) in 206 BC. Liu was extremely angry and wanted to attack Xiang, and was joined in this opinion by his generals Zhou Bo (周勃), Guan Ying (灌嬰), and Fan. It was Xiao who persuaded him t ...

See also:

Xiao He, Xiao He - Life and career before Liu Bang's establishment of the Principality of Han, Xiao He - Career as chancellor of the Principality of Han during Chu Han Contention, Xiao He - Career as Chancellor of the newly established Han Empire, Xiao He - Impact on Chinese history

Read more here: » Xiao He: Encyclopedia II - Xiao He - Career as chancellor of the Principality of Han during Chu Han Contention

Xiang then prepared an invasion against the heart of Qin, to wipe Qin out. He was unaware that, by this point, Liu Bang had already proceeded deep into Qin and was near its capital Xianyang (near modern Xi'an, Shaanxi). Xianyang and Qin's final ruler, Ying Ying, surrendered to Liu's forces in winter 207 BC, ending Qin Dynasty. When Xiang arrived at Hangu Pass (函谷關, in modern Sanmenxia, Henan), the gateway into Qin proper, he found the pass guarded by Liu's forces, and in anger, he sieged it, even though Liu was a fellow Chu general. He ...

See also:

Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu - Early career, Xiang Yu - The Battle of Julu and Xiang's rise to military supremacy, Xiang Yu - Entry into Qin proper and Xiang's jealousy of Liu Bang, Xiang Yu - Xiang's deposition of Prince Xin of Chu and division of the empire, Xiang Yu - Xiang's downfall, Xiang Yu - Impact on Chinese history

Read more here: » Xiang Yu: Encyclopedia II - Xiang Yu - Entry into Qin proper and Xiang's jealousy of Liu Bang

Yuanxi (元熙 yuán xī) 304-308 Yongfeng (永鳳 yǒng fèng) 308-309 Guangxing (光興 guāng xīng) 310-311 Jiaping (嘉平 jiā pīng) 311-315 Jianyuan (建元 jiàn yuán) 315-316 Linjia (麟嘉 lín jiā) 316-318 Note: Liu Xi was Liu Yao's crown prince who was thrusted into the leadership role when Liu Yao was captured by Later Zhao's em ...

See also:

Han Zhao, Han Zhao - The Condition of the Xiongnu in Northern China and their uprising, Han Zhao - Rulers of the Han Zhao

Read more here: » Han Zhao: Encyclopedia II - Han Zhao - Rulers of the Han Zhao

After Xin Dynasty was overthrown in 23 and Wang Mang killed, the imperial descendant Liu Xuan (劉玄) became emperor (as Emperor Gengshi of Han). However, due to Emperor Gengshi's incompetence, there were many conspiracies and rebellions throughout the entire empire, seeking to displace him. Two farfetched co-conspirators started one of these rebellions in 25 -- Fang Wang (方望), the former strategist for the local warlord Wei Xiao (隗囂), and a man named Gong Lin (弓林) -- and their group of several thousand men, after kidnapp ...

See also:

Ruzi Ying, Ruzi Ying - Choice as the titular ruler, Ruzi Ying - Brief reign, Ruzi Ying - Life during Xin Dynasty, Ruzi Ying - Death, Ruzi Ying - Era names, Ruzi Ying - Personal information

Read more here: » Ruzi Ying: Encyclopedia II - Ruzi Ying - Death

Chinese Civil War - Kuomintang. Chiang Kai-Shek Wang Ching-wei Liu Chih Tu Yü-ming Fu Tso-yi Sun Li-jen Li Tsung-jen Chinese Civil War - Communist Party. Mao Zedong Zhu De Zhou Enlai Lin Biao Peng Dehuai Chen Yi Liu Bocheng Nie Rongzhen Chinese Civil War - Warlords. Zhang Zuolin Zhang Xueliang Feng Yuxiang

The name Huainan first came into existence in 203 BC, when Liu Bang bestowed upon Ying Bu, one of his most trusted generals, the title of the King of Huainan. The capital of the Kingdom of Huainan was situated in the present day Lu'an. Later, after Ying Bu was executed, the title was transferred and the capital moved to Shouchun (present day Shou County). In 164 BC, the kingdom was divided into three, one of which retained the name Huainan and continued to be administered from Shouchun. In 122 BC, with the suicide of the third King of Huainan Liu An, the kingdom was abolished and the area renamed Jiujiang Commandery, wh ...

See also:

Huainan, Huainan - Administration, Huainan - History, Huainan - Economy, Huainan - Education

Read more here: » Huainan: Encyclopedia II - Huainan - History

Now facing Han's aggression from multiple theaters, the balance appeared to be ticking away from Chu. However, Xiang Yu would not give it up without a fight. In the third month of 204 BC the Chu army led by Long Qie drove Ying Bu out of the Kingdom of Jiujiang, removing the threat from the south. Xiang Yu then concentrated his effort in beating Liu Bang in Yingyang. In the seventh month of 204 BC Xiang Yu managed to encircle Liu Bang in Yingyang, but Liu Bang made another lucky escape and withdrew back ...

See also:

Chu-Han contention, Chu-Han contention - Origin of the War, Chu-Han contention - Political Situation at the Start of the War, Chu-Han contention - Start of the War: Qi Rebellion, Chu-Han contention - Occupation of Guanzhong by Liu Bang, Chu-Han contention - Development in Other Kingdoms, Chu-Han contention - Battle of Pengcheng and Lingbi, Chu-Han contention - Recovery of Han, Chu-Han contention - Chu Striking Back, Chu-Han contention - Battle of River of Si, Chu-Han contention - Conquest of Qi by Han Xin, Chu-Han contention - End of the War, Chu-Han contention - Aftermath, Chu-Han contention - Legends, Chu-Han contention - Impact on Chinese culture, Chu-Han contention - Notable Figures

Read more here: » Chu-Han contention: Encyclopedia II - Chu-Han contention - Chu Striking Back

List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - 1948–1978. Appointed by Chiang Kai-shek: Wang Yun-wu (王雲五) appointed May 31, 1948 Hsu Kan (徐堪) appointed November 11, 1948 Liu Kung-yun (劉攻芸) appointed March 21, 1949 Hsu Kan (徐堪) appointed June 12, 1949 Kuan Chi-yu (關吉玉) appointed October 3, 1949 Yen Chia-kan (嚴家淦) appointed March 12, 1950 P. Y. Shu (徐柏園) appointed May 27, 1954 Yan Chia-kan (嚴� ...

See also:

List of finance ministers of the Republic of China, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - Founding of the ROC until 1927, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - Nationalist government during 1928–1947, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - After the constitutional reform of 1947, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - 1948–1978, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - 1978–1988, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - 1988–2000, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - 2000–present, List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - Sources

Read more here: » List of finance ministers of the Republic of China: Encyclopedia II - List of finance ministers of the Republic of China - After the constitutional reform of 1947

That would not be how the plan actually went, however. In autumn 180 BC, Liu Xiang did indeed start a military campaign with his own forces and also seized the forces of the nearby Principality of Langye. Lü Chan sent Guan Ying (灌嬰), the Marquess of Yingyin, against Qi forces, but Guan, unwilling to fight the Qi forces (because he actually distrusted the Lüs more than Qi), managed to negotiate a secret armistice with Liu Xiang, and both armies halted some distance apart from each other. Allegedly, at this time, the Lüs were rea ...

See also:

Lü Clan Disturbance, Lü Clan Disturbance - Emperor Hui's death and total domination of the political scene by Grand Empress Dowager Lü, Lü Clan Disturbance - The death of Grand Empress Dowager Lü, Lü Clan Disturbance - The coup d'etat against the Lüs and their total destruction, Lü Clan Disturbance - Emperor Wen's ascension to the throne, Lü Clan Disturbance - Impact on history

Read more here: » Lü Clan Disturbance: Encyclopedia II - Lü Clan Disturbance - The coup d'etat against the Lüs and their total destruction

Despite Emperor Gao's victory over Xiang, there would still be many unpacified areas of the empire for years, requiring the new emperor to engage in many campaigns thereafter. He put Empress Lü and Crown Prince Ying in charge of the capital Chang'an and key decisions in home territories, assisted by Xiao He and Zhang Liang. It was also during this time that Emperor Gao began to favor one of his younger concubines, Consort Qi, who bore him a son, Ruyi (劉如意), who was created the Prince of Zhao in 199 BC, displacing Empress Lü's son-in- ...

See also:

Empress Lü Zhi, Empress Lü Zhi - Family background and marriage to Liu Bang, Empress Lü Zhi - Life during Chu Han Contention, Empress Lü Zhi - As empress, Empress Lü Zhi - As empress dowager, Empress Lü Zhi - As grand empress dowager, Empress Lü Zhi - Death, Empress Lü Zhi - Personal information

Read more here: » Empress Lü Zhi: Encyclopedia II - Empress Lü Zhi - As empress

Founding Father Chao Gai The 36 Heavenly Spirits or 36 Heavenly Chieftains Song Jiang | Lu Junyi | Wu Yong | Gongsun Sheng | Guan Sheng | Lin Chong | Qin Ming | Huyuan Zhuo | Hua Rong | Chai Jin | Li Ying | Zhu Tong | Lu Zhishen | Wu Song | Dong Ping | Zhang Qing | Yang Zhi | Xu Ning | Suo Chao | Dai Zhong | Liu Tang | Li Kui | Shi Jin | Mu Hong | Lei Heng | Li Jun | Ruan Xiaoer | Zhang Heng | Ruan Xiaowu | Zhang Shun | Ruan Xiaoqi | Yang Xiong | Shi Xiu | Xie Zhen | Xie Bao | Yan Qing

Water Margin, Water Margin - Historical context and development, Water Margin - Authorship and early editions, Water Margin - Index of the 108 heroes, Water Margin - The Fictions and Realities, Water Margin - Outline of Chapters, Water Margin - Modern transformations

Read more here: » Water Margin: Encyclopedia II - Water Margin - Index of the 108 heroes

A local of the county of Qu (胊, present day Linqu County, Shandong), Mi Fang was born in an extremely rich merchant family. His elder brother Mi Zhu initially served under Tao Qian (陶謙), governor of Xuzhou (徐州, present day northern Jiangsu). Upon his death, Tao Qian passed on the governorship to Liu Bei, to whom Mi Zhu thereafter rendered his service. The rival warlord Cao Cao once attempted to entice Mi Zhu and Mi Fang to defect by offering them governorships of Ying Commandery (嬴郡, northwest of present day Laiwu, Shandong) and Pengcheng r ...

See also:

Mi Fang, Mi Fang - Life, Mi Fang - Mi Fang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Mi Fang - Reference

Read more here: » Mi Fang: Encyclopedia II - Mi Fang - Life

Xiang was born during a period when Qin -- the first regime that had tried to unify China -- was completing its conquests of the other kingdoms of the Warring States period, which it accomplished in 231 BC under its emperor Ying Zheng (嬴政, later known as Qin Shi Huang). How his childhood was like is not known, although it is clear that as a member of a family privileged in the now defunct kingdom of Chu, it would not be comfortable under Qin rule. He was raised by his uncle Xiang Liang, which suggested that his father, and possibly both ...

See also:

Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu - Early career, Xiang Yu - The Battle of Julu and Xiang's rise to military supremacy, Xiang Yu - Entry into Qin proper and Xiang's jealousy of Liu Bang, Xiang Yu - Xiang's deposition of Prince Xin of Chu and division of the empire, Xiang Yu - Xiang's downfall, Xiang Yu - Impact on Chinese history

Read more here: » Xiang Yu: Encyclopedia II - Xiang Yu - Early career

Immediately upon Prince Ying's ascension to the throne as Emperor Hui, Empress Lü, now empress dowager, became the effective lead figure in his administration. She wanted to carry out a plot of revenge against Consort Qi and her son Ruyi. She first arrested Consort Qi and put her in prison garbs (shaved head, confined by stock, and wearing red clothes). She then summoned Liu Ruyi to the capital -- an attempt that was initially resisted by Ruyi's chief of staff Zhou Chang (周昌), whom she respected because he was one of the officials who i ...

See also:

Emperor Hui of Han, Emperor Hui of Han - Early life and years as crown prince, Emperor Hui of Han - Reign as emperor, Emperor Hui of Han - Marriage and children, Emperor Hui of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Hui of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Hui of Han - Reign as emperor