Lists of office-holders

See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt An ...

See also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

Read more here: » Lists of office-holders: Encyclopedia II - Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities

See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt ...

See also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

Read more here: » Lists of office-holders: Encyclopedia II - Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities

Between 780–82 and 1802 the Archbishop of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince in the Holy Roman Empire. His see was established in ancient Roman times, in the city of Mainz, which had been a Roman provincial capital called Moguntiacum, but the office really came to prominence upon its elevation to an archdiocese in 780/82. The first bishops before the 4th century have legendary names, beginning with Crescens. The first verifiable Bishop of Mainz was Mar(t)inus in 343. The ecclesiastical and secular importance of ...

Including:

• Archbishopric of Mainz - Bishops of Moguntiacum 80-745
• Archbishopric of Mainz - Archbishops of Mainz 745-1251
• Archbishopric of Mainz - Archbishops-Electors of Mainz 1251-1803

Read more here: » Archbishopric of Mainz: Encyclopedia - Archbishopric of Mainz

The main picture of this century-long situation: The Principality was under violent succession dispute. That originated from dispossessed Latin Emperor Baldwin II giving overlordship of Achaia to Charles I of Sicily, in order to gain his support for reconquering the throne in Constantinople - Baldwin did not secure the rights of Villehardouin Princes of Achaia when doing that. As a result, Angevin kings of Naples gave Achaia as their fief to a series of their own relatives and creatures, who fought against Princess Margaret Ville ...

See also:

Principality of Achaea, Principality of Achaea - The feudal conflict of Morea 1307-1383, Principality of Achaea - Incomplete List of the Princes of Achaea

Read more here: » Principality of Achaea: Encyclopedia II - Principality of Achaea - The feudal conflict of Morea 1307-1383

Although the chancellor only has a technocratic role, the position is a political appointment made by a vote of the Federal Assembly (the federal parliament). One or two Vice-Chancellors are also appointed; before 1862 this position was called the State Secretary of the Confederation. ...

See also:

List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland, List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland - Appointment mechanism, List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland - The chancellor's role, List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland - List of Federal Chancellors

Read more here: » List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland: Encyclopedia II - List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland - Appointment mechanism

The incumbent, in politics, is the current holder of a political office. The term is usually used in reference to elections, in which races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbent. For example, in the 2004 Russian presidential election, Vladimir Putin was the incumbent, because he was the current president. In many jurisdictions and situations, incumbents have structural advantages over challengers during elections. The timing of elections may be determined by the incumbent instead of a set schedule ...

See also:

Incumbent, Incumbent - In politics, Incumbent - In Business

Read more here: » Incumbent: Encyclopedia II - Incumbent - In politics

The Archaic period includes the Early Dynastic Period, when Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt were ruled as separate kingdoms, and the First and Second Dynasties List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt. Lower Egypt, known as the Black Land, consisted of the northern Nile and the Nile Delta. The following list may not be complete: List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt. Upper Egypt, known as the Red Land, consisted of the southern Nile and the deserts. The following list may not be complete (there are many more of uncertain existence): ...

See also:

List of pharaohs, List of pharaohs - Archaic period, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Lower Egypt, List of pharaohs - Early dynastic: Upper Egypt, List of pharaohs - First Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Old Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - First intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Seventh and Eighth Dynasties combined, List of pharaohs - Ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Tenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Eleventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Middle Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Twelfth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Second intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Thirteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fourteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Fifteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Sixteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Seventeenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - New Kingdom, List of pharaohs - Eighteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Nineteenth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twentieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - High Priests of Amun at Thebes, List of pharaohs - Twenty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Third intermediate period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-second Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-third Dynasty, List of pharaohs - The Libu, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fourth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Late period, List of pharaohs - Twenty-fifth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-sixth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-seventh Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-eighth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Twenty-ninth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirtieth Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Thirty-first Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Argead Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Ptolemaic Dynasty, List of pharaohs - Rome

Read more here: » List of pharaohs: Encyclopedia II - List of pharaohs - Archaic period

The Bishop of Coventry is the Ordinary of the England Diocese of Coventry in the Province of Canterbury. The diocese covers most of the County of Warwickshire. The see is in the City of Coventry where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Michael. The Bishop's residence is The Bishop's House, Coventry. The former Benedictine priory in the city was the seat of a bishop from 1095 to 1129 before the merging of the diocese with the Diocese of Lichfield. The present diocese was founded in 1918 under King ...

Including:

• Bishop of Coventry - List of the Bishops of the Diocese of Coventry England

Read more here: » Bishop of Coventry: Encyclopedia - Bishop of Coventry

The Bishop of Sodor and Man is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Sodor and Man in the Province of York. The diocese covers the Isle of Man where the see is in the town of Peel where the bishop's seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint German which was elevated to cathedral status on 1 November 1980. The diocese was reputedly created by Saint Patrick in 447 with the foundation of his cathedral on St Patrick's Isle at the mouth of the River Neb. Becoming a Norwegian diocese i ...

Including:

• Bishop of Sodor and Man - List of the Bishops of the Diocese of Sodor and Man
• Bishop of Sodor and Man - Sources

Read more here: » Bishop of Sodor and Man: Encyclopedia - Bishop of Sodor and Man

The following is a list of barbarian kings of Italy. The term "barbarian" is more applicable to the Lombards than it is to Odoacer and to the Gothic kings: Odoacer (476-493), dux Italiae until the death of Julius Nepos (480), then self-styled rex Italiae, with the fiction that he was simply the representative in Italy of the Eastern emperor Zeno. Ostrogothic Kings of Italy Theodoric the Great (493-526) Athalaric (526-534) Theodahad (534-536) Witiges (536-540) Hel ...

Read more here: » List of barbarian kings of Italy: Encyclopedia - List of barbarian kings of Italy

The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, England. The incumbent is Metropolitan of the Province of Westminster and de facto has in recent times been elected President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales. There is no connection between the Archdiocese of Westminster and Westminster Abbey, except for geographical proximity. Nor is there a fo ...

Including:

• Archbishop of Westminster - List of the Archbishops of the Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster England

Read more here: » Archbishop of Westminster: Encyclopedia - Archbishop of Westminster

Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic monarchs of Bulgaria in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946, Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although this usage is only technically correct until 1721). Tsar - History of usage. "Tsar" is ...

Including:

• Tsar - History of usage
• Tsar - Etymology and spelling
• Tsar - Imperium maius
• Tsar - Russia
• Tsar - Full title of Russian tsars
• Tsar - Titles for Russian Tsar's family
• Tsar - Notes

Read more here: » Tsar: Encyclopedia - Tsar

The Bishop of Speyer is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer in the Archdiocese of Bamberg. The diocese covers an area of 5,893 km². The current bishop is Anton Schlembach. Bishop of Speyer - List of the Bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer Germany. See also. Lists of office-holders Categories: Roman Catholic bishops by diocese | Including:

• Bishop of Speyer - List of the Bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer Germany

Read more here: » Bishop of Speyer: Encyclopedia - Bishop of Speyer

The Archbishop of Vienna is the prelate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna who is concurrently the metropolitan bishop of its ecclesiastical province which includes the dioceses of Eisenstadt, Linz and St. Pölten. From 1469 to 1513, bishops from elsewhere were appointed as administrators. The first bishop residing in Vienna was Georg von Slatkonia. From 1861 to 1918, the archbishops, as members of the Herrenhaus, were represented in the Reichsrat ...

Read more here: » Archbishop of Vienna: Encyclopedia - Archbishop of Vienna

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia - List of Byzantine Emperors

The Cardinal Secretary of State presides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. As one of the senior offices in the Roman Catholic Church, the Secretary is required to be a cardinal. If the office is vacant, a non-cardinal may serve as Pro-Secretary of State, exercising the powers of the Secretary of State until a suitable replacement is found o ...

Including:

• Cardinal Secretary of State - History
• Cardinal Secretary of State - Cardinal Secretaries of State since 1878
• Cardinal Secretary of State - Notes

Read more here: » Cardinal Secretary of State: Encyclopedia - Cardinal Secretary of State

This article lists the Chief Ministers of Gujarat state in chronological order. Term Number Period Number Indian National Congress ** resumed office Categories: Gujarat | Lists of office-holders | Indian politicians ...

Read more here: » Chief Minister of Gujarat: Encyclopedia - Chief Minister of Gujarat

The Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. The archdiocese covers an area of 5,504 km². The Metropolitan see is in the City of Edinburgh where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Mary. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Eastern District was elevated to archdiocese status on 14 March 1878. The current archbishop is His Eminence Keith Michael Patrick Cardinal O'Brien, the 7th Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. ...

Including:

• Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh - List of ordinaries

Read more here: » Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh: Encyclopedia - Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh

A Chief Minister in India is the elected Head of Government of a state in India. A Chief Minister is elected by state-wide elections and the majority party is invited to elect a leader, whose tenure lasts for five years. Current Chief Ministers of India See also. India Chief Minister Categories: Lists of office-holders | Indian politicians | Incumbent Indian Chief Ministers ...

Read more here: » List of Chief Ministers of India: Encyclopedia - List of Chief Ministers of India

This is a list of Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon, the leaders of the Chaldean Catholic Church and one of the Patriarchs of the east of the Roman Catholic Church. The patriarchate was recognized by the Holy See following the reconciliation of Mar Yohanan Soulaqa VIII with Rome in 1552. This list continues from the Nestorian succession that traces itself back from St. Thomas in the 1st century. Catholic Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon - Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon. (The Catholic Patriarchs were o ...

Including:

• Catholic Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon - Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon

Read more here: » Catholic Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon: Encyclopedia - Catholic Chaldean Patriarchs of Babylon