List of regions in the human brain

List of regions in the human brain - Rhombencephalon hindbrain. medulla oblongata medullary pyramids pons fourth ventricle cerebellum cerebellar vermis cerebellar hemispheres anterior lobe posterior lobe flocculonodular lobe cerebellar nuclei

The cerebral cortex is a brain structure in vertebrates, including humans. It is the outermost layer of the cerebrum and has a grey color. (Hence the name "grey matter". Grey matter is formed by neurons and their fibers, and white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by nerve fibers interconnecting cortical areas with each other and with subcortical structures.) The human cerebral co ...

Including:

• Cerebral cortex - Development
• Cerebral cortex - Laminar pattern
• Cerebral cortex - Classification

Read more here: » Cerebral cortex: Encyclopedia - Cerebral cortex

Visual cortex is the term applied to both the primary visual cortex (also known as striate cortex or "V1") and upstream visual cortical areas also known as extrastriate cortical areas (V2, V3, V4, V5). The primary visual cortex is anatomically equivalent to Brodmann area 17, or BA17. Brodmann areas are based on a histological map of the human brain created by Korbinian Brodmann. The visual cortex occupies about one third of the surface of the cerebral cortex in humans. It is thou ...

Including:

• Visual cortex - Primary visual cortex V1
• Visual cortex - Function
• Visual cortex - Current research
• Visual cortex - V2
• Visual cortex - V3
• Visual cortex - V4
• Visual cortex - V5

Read more here: » Visual cortex: Encyclopedia - Visual cortex

The telencephalon (te-len-seff-a-lon) is the technical name for a large region within the brain which is attributed many functions, which some groups would class as unique features which make humans stand out from other species. Many people refer to it as the cerebrum, but due to naming conventions of organs, is technically refered to as the telencephalon. As a more technical definition, the telencephalon refers to the cerebral hemispheres and other, smaller structures within the brain, despite the fact tha ...

Including:

• Telencephalon - Structure
• Telencephalon - Composition
• Telencephalon - Functions
• Telencephalon - Language and communication
• Telencephalon - Movement
• Telencephalon - Olfaction
• Telencephalon - Memory
• Telencephalon - Emotion
• Telencephalon - Programmed cell death
• Telencephalon - Purpose
• Telencephalon - Effects
• Telencephalon - Stages
• Telencephalon - Cell regeneration
• Telencephalon - Xenopus laevis

Read more here: » Telencephalon: Encyclopedia - Telencephalon

The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior. Since the strong theoretical influence of cybernetics in the fifties, the CNS is conceived as a system devoted to information processing, where an appropriate motor output is computed as a response to a sensory input. Yet, many threads of research suggest that motor activity exists well before the maturation of the sensory systems and then, that the senses only influence behaviour without dictating it. This h ...

Including:

• Central nervous system - Parts of the CNS

Read more here: » Central nervous system: Encyclopedia - Central nervous system

A Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined in many different species based on its cytoarchitecture. Cytoarchitecture is the organization of the cortex as observed when a tissue is stained for nerve cells. Brodmann areas were originally defined by Korbinian Brodmann and referred to by numbers from 1 to 52. Some of the original areas have been subdivided further and referred to, e.g., as "23a" and "23b". The same number in different species does not ...

Including:

• Brodmann area - Brodmann areas:

Read more here: » Brodmann area: Encyclopedia - Brodmann area

Brodmann area 10, or BA10, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. BA10 encompasses the most anterior part of the frontal cortex, known as the frontopolar region. This area is believed to play a part in strategic processes involved in memory retrieval and executive function. This area is also called frontopolar area 10, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the most rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gy ...

See also:

Brodmann area 10, Brodmann area 10 - Human, Brodmann area 10 - Guenon, Brodmann area 10 - Human vs. nonhuman, Brodmann area 10 - Morphological comparisons

Read more here: » Brodmann area 10: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 10 - Human

Raphe nuclei - The Nucleus Raphe Obscurus. The nucleus raphe obscurus, despite the implications of its name, has some very specific functions and connections of afferent and efferent nature. The raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis (Brodal, A. Neurological Anatomy in relation to Clinical Medication 3rd ed. Oxford Press. 1981). This so called obscure nucleus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has be ...

See also:

Raphe nuclei, Raphe nuclei - Anatomy, Raphe nuclei - Projections, Raphe nuclei - Function, Raphe nuclei - Individual nuclei, Raphe nuclei - The Nucleus Raphe Obscurus, Raphe nuclei - The Nucleus Raphe Magnus, Raphe nuclei - The Nucleus Centralis Superior, Raphe nuclei - The Nucleus Raphe Dorsalis, Raphe nuclei - The Nucleus Raphe Pallidus

Read more here: » Raphe nuclei: Encyclopedia II - Raphe nuclei - Individual nuclei

The primary visual cortex is the most well-studied visual area in the brain. It is the part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for processing visual stimuli. It is the simplest, earliest cortical visual area. It is highly specialized for processing information about static and moving objects and is excellent in pattern recognition. The functionally defined primary visual cortex is approximately equivalent to the anatomically defined striate cortex. The name "striate cortex" is derived from the stria of Gennari ...

See also:

Visual cortex, Visual cortex - Primary visual cortex V1, Visual cortex - Function, Visual cortex - Current research, Visual cortex - V2, Visual cortex - V3, Visual cortex - V4, Visual cortex - V5

Read more here: » Visual cortex: Encyclopedia II - Visual cortex - Primary visual cortex V1

Brodmann area 11, or BA11, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. BA11 covers the medial part of the ventral surface of the frontal lobe. Prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909 is a subdivision of the frontal lobe in the human defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Defined and illustrated in Brodmann-1909, it included the areas subsequently illustrated in Brodmann-10 ...

See also:

Brodmann area 11, Brodmann area 11 - Human, Brodmann area 11 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 11: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 11 - Human

Brodmann area 20, or BA20, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the ventral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in high-level visual processing and recognition memory. This area is also known as inferior temporal area 20, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the inferior temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the ectorhinal area 36 ...

See also:

Brodmann area 20, Brodmann area 20 - Human, Brodmann area 20 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 20: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 20 - Human

Brodmann area 40 - Anatomy. This region, forming the superior bank of the sylvian fissure, as studied in the cat, contains the secondary somatosensory representation, 'S-II', and a second somatotopic representation (parietal ventral, or PV). Anatomically, primate S-II receives inputs from area 3 and area 1, and projects to PV and area 7. PV has projections to area 5 and premotor areas. Brodmann area 40 - Function. Single cell recording in primates show neurons with larger receptive fields than primary somatosensory cortex, responding to ...

See also:

Brodmann area 40, Brodmann area 40 - The parietal operculum PO, Brodmann area 40 - Anatomy, Brodmann area 40 - Function

Read more here: » Brodmann area 40: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 40 - The parietal operculum PO

Brodmann area 6, or BA6, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex (BA4), it is sometimes called premotor cortex. The medial part of BA6 is also referred to as supplementary motor area. This large area of the frontal cortex is believed to play a role in the planning of complex, coordinated movements. Brodmann area 6 is also called agranular frontal area 6 in humans because it lacks in internal granular cortical layer (layer IV). It is a subdivision of the cytoarc ...

See also:

Brodmann area 6, Brodmann area 6 - Human, Brodmann area 6 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 6: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 6 - Human

Brodmann area 25 (BA25) is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. It is also called the subgenual area or area subgenualis. It is the 25th "Brodmann area" defined by Korbinian Brodmann (thus its name). BA25 is located in the cingulate region as part of the subcallosal area. One study has noted that BA25 is metabolically overactive in treatment-resistant depression and has found that chronic deep brain stimulation in the white matter adjacent to the area were a su ...

See also:

Brodmann area 25, Brodmann area 25 - Human, Brodmann area 25 - Guenon, Brodmann area 25 - External reference

Read more here: » Brodmann area 25: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 25 - Human

In the guenon this area is referred to as area 24 of Brodmann-1905. It includes portions of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal lobe. The cortex is thin; it lacks the internal granular layer (IV) so that the densely distributed, plump pyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the external pyramidal layer (III) merge with similar cells of the internal pyramidal layer (V); the multiform layer (VI) is very thin (Brodmann-1905). Note that Brodmann later divided this area into two areas, area 24 of Brodmann-1909 an ...

See also:

Brodmann area 24, Brodmann area 24 - Human, Brodmann area 24 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 24: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 24 - Guenon

Brodmann area 21, or BA21, is part of the temporal cortex in the human brain. The region encompasses most of the lateral temporal cortex, a region believed to play a part in auditory processing and language. Language function is left lateralized in most individuals. BA21 is superior to BA20 and inferior to BA40 and BA41. This area is also known as middle temporal area 21. It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the middle temp ...

See also:

Brodmann area 21, Brodmann area 21 - Human, Brodmann area 21 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 21: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 21 - Human

Brodmann area 22 is a region of the human brain (the 22nd numbered Brodmann area). On the left side of the brain this area helps with generation and understanding of individual words. On the right side of the brain it helps tell the difference between melody, pitch, and sound intensity. Researchers believe this part of the brain is active in processing language. This area is also known as superior temporal area 22, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. In th ...

See also:

Brodmann area 22, Brodmann area 22 - Human, Brodmann area 22 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 22: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 22 - Human

The area has been subdivided further: In the macaque (Macaca fascicularis) the following subdivisions have been suggested1: 23i (internal) 23e (external) 23v (ventral), the most caudalventral (inferior) portion and with most highly developed layer IV. An other suggestion is for macaque (Macaca mulatta)2 23a, adjacent to the callosal sulcus thus closest to B ...

See also:

Brodmann area 23, Brodmann area 23 - Human, Brodmann area 23 - Guenon, Brodmann area 23 - Subdivisions

Read more here: » Brodmann area 23: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 23 - Subdivisions

Brodmann area 18, or BA18, is part of the occipital cortex in the human brain. It accounts for the bulk of the volume of the occipital lobe. This area is also known as parastriate area 18. It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the cuneus, the lingual gyrus and the lateral occipital gyrus (H) of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded on one side by the striate area 17, from which it is distinguished by absence of a band of Gennari, and on the other b ...

See also:

Brodmann area 18, Brodmann area 18 - Human, Brodmann area 18 - Guenon

Read more here: » Brodmann area 18: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 18 - Human

Brodmann area 19, or BA19, is part of the occipital lobe cortex in the human brain. Along with area 18, it comprises the extrastriate (or peristriate) cortex. In normally-sighted humans, extrastriate cortex is a visual association area, with feature-extracting, shape recognition, attentional, and multimodal integrating functions. This area is also known as peristriate area 19, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined occipital region of cerebral cortex. In the human it is located in parts of the ...

See also:

Brodmann area 19, Brodmann area 19 - Human, Brodmann area 19 - Guenon, Brodmann area 19 - Function

Read more here: » Brodmann area 19: Encyclopedia II - Brodmann area 19 - Human