Encyclopedia - Bilabial Consonant: Encyclopedia - Bilabial Consonant
In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. The bilabial consonants identified by the International Pho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allophone: Encyclopedia - Allophone
In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar phones that belong to the same phoneme. A phone is a sound that has a definite shape...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspiration Phonetics: Encyclopedia - Aspiration Phonetics
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference betwee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vowel Height: Encyclopedia - Vowel Height
In phonetics and phonology, vowel height is a feature that shows the vertical position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Checked And Free Vowels: Encyclopedia - Checked And Free Vowels
In English phonetics and phonology, checked vowels are those that usually must be followed by a consonant in a stressed syllable, while f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Co-articulated Consonant: Encyclopedia - Co-articulated Consonant
Co-articulated consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation. They may be divided into two classes, dou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Approximant Consonant: Encyclopedia - Approximant Consonant
Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of appro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Velar Ejective: Encyclopedia - Velar Ejective
The velar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Ejective: Encyclopedia - Uvular Ejective
The uvular ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Velar Consonant: Encyclopedia - Velar Consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Consonant: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Consonant
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it cont...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Epiglottal Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Epiglottal Fricative
The voiceless epiglottal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phoneti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Pharyngeal Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Pharyngeal Fricative
The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phoneti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bilabial Nasal: Encyclopedia - Bilabial Nasal
The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Plosive
The voiced palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Palatal Plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Palatal Plosive
The voiceless palatal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Nasal: Encyclopedia - Uvular Nasal
The uvular nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Trill: Encyclopedia - Uvular Trill
The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Ejective: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Ejective
The alveolar ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardinal Vowel: Encyclopedia - Cardinal Vowel
Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. For instance, the vowel of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathy Voice: Encyclopedia - Breathy Voice
Breathy voice or murmured voice is a phonation in which the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal (modal) voicing, but are held furth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Consonant: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Consonant
In phonetics, a voiceless consonant is a consonant that does not have voicing. That is, it is produced without vibration of the vocal cor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Bilabial Implosive: Encyclopedia - Voiced Bilabial Implosive
A voiced bilabial implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alpha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Uvular Plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Uvular Plosive
The voiceless uvular plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like [k], except that the to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Fricative
The voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Nasal: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Nasal
The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Postalveolar Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Postalveolar Fricative
The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Approximant: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Approximant
The alveolar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Lateral Approximant: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Lateral Approximant
The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Lateral Flap: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Lateral Flap
The lateral alveolar flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - X-sampa: Encyclopedia - X-sampa
The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the Univ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Consonant: Encyclopedia - Consonant
A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Velar Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiced Velar Fricative
The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Uvular Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiced Uvular Fricative
The voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alpha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative
The voiced pharyngeal approximant/fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the Internationa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Dental Plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiced Dental Plosive
The voiced dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Alveolar Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiced Alveolar Fricative
The voiced alveolar fricatives are a type of consonantal sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Retroflex Fricative: Encyclopedia - Voiceless Retroflex Fricative
The voiceless retroflex fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Consonant: Encyclopedia - Uvular Consonant
Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Consonant: Encyclopedia - Voiced Consonant
A voiced consonant is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless consonant, where the vocal cords are relaxed. Se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Trill: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Trill
The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages (such as Russian, Spanish, Armenian, and Polish). The sy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Velar Nasal: Encyclopedia - Velar Nasal
The velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that rep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Tap: Encyclopedia - Alveolar Tap
The alveolar tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Pulmonic Initiation
Initiation by means of the lungs (actually the diaphragm and ribs) is called pulmonic initiation. The vast majority of sounds used in hum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Glottalic Initiation
It is possible to initiate an airflow in the upper respiratory tract by means of the vocal cords or glottis. This is known as glottalic i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Association: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Association - History
In 1886, in Paris, a small group of language teachers formed an association to encourage the use of phonetic notation in schools to help ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fricative Consonant: Encyclopedia Ii - Fricative Consonant - Languages
See table of consonants for a table of fricatives in English. Ubykh may be the language with the most fricatives, with 27, some of which ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bilabial Click: Encyclopedia Ii - Bilabial Click - Features
Features of ingressive bilabial clicks: Their manner of articulation is click, which means they are produced with two articulatory closu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - R-colored Vowel: Encyclopedia Ii - R-colored Vowel - R-colored Schwa
The r-colored schwa or schwer is a type of rhotacized vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Nasal: Encyclopedia Ii - Uvular Nasal - In Other Languages
The Japanese moraic nasal is [ɴ] at the ends of words for many speakers, as in 日本 [nihoɴ] 'Japan'. Inuit language has this sound in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bilabial Nasal: Encyclopedia Ii - Bilabial Nasal - In English
English has /m/ and it is denoted by the letter "m". Some dialects of English, including most American English dialects, also have syllab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labiodental Nasal: Encyclopedia Ii - Labiodental Nasal - Features
Features of the labiodental nasal: Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Velaric Initiation
The third form of initiation in human language is velaric initiation: initiation at the velum, or soft palate. (In a few languages the cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dental Nasal: Encyclopedia Ii - Dental Nasal - Found In
True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance languages n is often called dental. However, the rearmost contact (which i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Trill: Encyclopedia Ii - Uvular Trill - Where Found
The uvular trill is rare outside Europe, and does not appear in any standard language even within Europe. It is found in conservative dia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Retroflex Flap: Encyclopedia Ii - Retroflex Flap - Features
Features of the retroflex flap: Its manner of articulation is flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Retroflex Approximant: Encyclopedia Ii - Retroflex Approximant - Features
Features of the retroflex approximant: Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - In English
In the English phonology, gemination is not distinctive. Phonetic gemination occurs marginally. It is often found where a root-word is pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - History Of The Term
Originally, gemination meant something different than mere consonant length. At the end of the 19th century, German phoneticians thought ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Vowels
Closeup of the vowel chart of the IPA Notes: Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel, as does [ʊ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - Writing
In written language, gemination is often indicated by writing a consonant twice ("ss", "kk", "pp", and so forth), but can also be indicat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Extended Ipa
The Extended IPA was designed for disordered speech. However, some of the symbols (especially diacritics, below) are occasionally used fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Description
The general principle of the IPA is to provide a separate symbol for each speech segment, avoiding letter combinations (digraphs) such as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Comparison To Other Phonetic Notation
The IPA is not the only phonetic transcription system in use. The other common Latin-based system is the Americanist phonetic notation, d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet For English: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet For English - Vowels
This section discusses the symbols used for the vowel phonemes in three major English accents. International Phonetic Alphabet for Engli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemination: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemination - In Other Languages
In languages such as Swedish or Italian, consonant gemination and vowel length depend on each other. That is, a short vowel must be follo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Consonants Non-pulmonic
Closeup of the non-pulmonic consonant section of the IPA chart Notes: All clicks are doubly articulated and require two symbols: a velar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Approximant: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Approximant - In English
Most English dialects use this sound for the letter r and the digraph wr. Originally the second sound was labialized, but the distinction...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Affricates And Double Articulation
Affricates and doubly articulated stops are represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar, either above or below the symbols. The six mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Nasal: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Nasal - In English
The alveolar nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter 'n' in nine or plan. Some dialects of English, including ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Consonants Pulmonic
International Phonetic Alphabet - Single articulation. Closeup of the main pulmonic consonant section of the IPA chart The pulmonic con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Suprasegmentals
Closeup of the suprasegmental section of the IPA chart International Phonetic Alphabet - Intonation. International Phonetic Alphabet -...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Nasal: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Nasal - In English
The alveolar nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter 'n' in nine or plan. Some dialects of English, including ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Diacritics
Closeup of the diacritic section of the IPA chart Sub-diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, i.e. ŋ̊. The dotless i,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Obsolete And Nonstandard Symbols
International Phonetic Alphabet - How to transcribe sounds that don't have symbols in the IPA charts. The remaining blank cells on the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Postalveolar Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiceless Postalveolar Fricative - In English
The voiceless postalveolar fricative occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letters 'sh' in shoe, the letters 'ssi' in pas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet - Names Of The Symbols
It is often desirable to distinguish an IPA symbol from the sound it is intended to represent, since there is not a one-to-one correspond...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Alveolar Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Alveolar Fricative - In English
The voiced alveolar fricative occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter 'z' in zoo or the letter 's' in roses. The v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uvular Consonant: Encyclopedia Ii - Uvular Consonant - The Three Uvular Rs
The uvular trill [ʀ] is used in Parisian French, Portuguese, and certain dialects of Arabic for the letter <r>. The voiced uvular ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Uvular Plosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiceless Uvular Plosive - In Other Languages
Arabic and Syriac use this sound phonemically, and it is represented by the letters ﻕ (Qaf) and ܩ (Qōph), respectively, as in the nam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Phonetic Alphabet For English: Encyclopedia Ii - International Phonetic Alphabet For English - Suprasegmentals
The suprasegmental symbols are called that because they apply to more than one segment (vowel or consonant). In English, the relevant sup...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Lateral Flap: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Lateral Flap - Features
Features of the alveolar lateral flap: Its manner of articulation is flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Retroflex Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiceless Retroflex Fricative - Found In
Laminal retroflex fricatives are found in Polish (spelled sz), Russian, and Mandarin Chinese (spelled sh in Pinyin). Polish kasza [ˈka�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Bilabial Implosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Bilabial Implosive - Features
Features of the voiced bilabial implosive: Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Lateral Flap: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Lateral Flap - In Other Languages
The lateral flap appears to be under-reported because European-language speaking linguists often fail to recognize it. In Japanese, the r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative - Occurs In
Danish has a pharyngeal approximant for r in normal speech. In distinct, old fashioned pronunciation, as on the stage, the Danish r may b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Palatal Fricative - Features
Features of the voiced palatal fricative: Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Dental Plosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Dental Plosive - Found In
True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance languages d is often called dental. However, the rearmost contact (which i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Uvular Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Uvular Fricative - Occurs In
In Western Europe, a voiced uvular trill or fricative pronunciation of orthographic r spread from northern French to several dialects and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Retroflex Lateral Approximant: Encyclopedia Ii - Retroflex Lateral Approximant - Features
Features of the retroflex lateral approximant: Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one art...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Trill: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Trill - In Other Languages
Alveolar trills are common in Slavic languages like Russian and Polish, as well as Romance languages such as Spanish and Italian. French,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiceless Uvular Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiceless Uvular Fricative - In Other Languages
Several languages spoken on the northwest coast of North America have both labialized and non-labialized fricatives, including the Alsean...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Alveolar Implosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Alveolar Implosive - Features
Features of the voiced alveolar implosive: Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Palatal Implosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Palatal Implosive - Features
Features of the voiced palatal implosive: Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airfl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Uvular Implosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Uvular Implosive - Features
Voiced uvular implosive - Occurs in. Mam: [ʛa]; "fire" ... See also:Voiced uvular implosive, Voiced uvular implosive - Features, V...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Velar Implosive: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Velar Implosive - Features
Voiced velar implosive - Occurs in. Sindhi: [ɠəro] "heavy" ... See also:Voiced velar implosive, Voiced velar implosive - Features...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative: Encyclopedia Ii - Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative - Occurs In
Danish has a pharyngeal approximant for r in normal speech. In distinct, old fashioned pronunciation, as on the stage, the Danish r may b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alveolar Tap: Encyclopedia Ii - Alveolar Tap - Other Languages
Alveolar tap - Spanish. The alveolar tap is the single orthographic 'r' between vowels, as in pero ("but"), but not in perro ("dog"), w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tenseness: Encyclopedia Ii - Tenseness - Comparison Between Tense And Lax Vowels
In general, tense vowels are more close (and correspondingly have lower first formants) than their lax counterparts. Tense vowels are som...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tenseness: Encyclopedia Ii - Tenseness - Tenseness In Consonants
Occasionally, tenseness has been used to distinguish pairs of contrasting consonants in languages. Korean, for example, has a three-way c...   » Read the article