list of minerals

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Onyx

Onyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. The colors of its bands are white and black. Sardonyx is a variant, where the colored bands are sard, rather than black. It is usually cut as a cabochon, or into beads, and is also used for intaglios and cameos, where the bands make the image contrast with the ground. Some onyx is natural but much is produced by the staining of agate. See also. list of minerals the green vessel may no ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia II - List of minerals - Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Top of page — See also — External links ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Chalcedony

Chalcedony is one of the cryptocrystalline varieties of the mineral quartz, having a waxy luster. Chalcedony may be semitransparent or translucent and is usually white to gray, grayish-blue or some shade of brown, sometimes nearly black. Other shades have been given different names. A clear red chalcedony is known as carnelian or sard; a green variety colored by nickel oxide is called chrysoprase. Prase is a dull green and onyx is black and white banded. Plasma is a bright to emerald-green chalcedony that is sometimes found with small ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Variscite

Variscite AlPO4·2H2O, hydrated aluminium phosphate, is a relatively rare phosphate mineral. It is sometimes confused with turquoise, however, variscite is usually greener in colour. Variscite is formed by direct deposition from phosphate bearing water that has reacted with aluminium rich rocks in a near-surface environment. It occurs as fine-grained masses in nodules, cavity fillings, and crusts. Variscite often contains veins of the mineral crandallite. Variscite is sometimes used as a semi-precious stone, and is popular for carvings and ornamental use. It is named after Varis ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Stibnite

Stibnite, sometimes also called antimonite, is a sulfide mineral. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, has hardness 2 and a grey colour. Its chemical composition is described by the formula Sb2S3 Stibnite is the most important source for the rare metal antimony. It is soluble in hydrochloric acid, and is tarnished by potassium hydroxide solution. Small deposits of Stibnite are common, large ones are rare. It occurs in Canada, Mexico, Peru, Japan, China, Germany, Romania, Italy, France, England, Algeria, and Kalimantan, Borneo. In the United States it is found in A ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Chrysocolla

Chrysocolla (hydrated copper silicate) is a mineral, CuSiO3·nH2O. It is of secondary origin and forms in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies. Associated minerals are quartz, limonite, azurite, malachite, cuprite, and other secondary copper minerals. Chrysocolla is an attractive blue-green colour and is minor ore of copper, having a hardness of 2.5 to 3.5. It is also used as an ornamental stone. It is typically found as glassy botryoid ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Alabaster

Alabaster (sometimes called satin spar) is a name applied to varieties of two distinct minerals: gypsum (a hydrous sulfate of calcium) and the calcite (a carbonate of calcium). The former is the alabaster of the present day; the latter is generally the alabaster of the ancients. The two kinds are readily distinguished from each other by their relative hardnesses. The gypsum kind is so soft as to be readily scratched by a finger-nail (hardness 1.5 to 2), while the calcite kind is too hard to be scratched in this wa ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Amethyst

Amethyst is a violet or purple variety of quartz often used as an ornament. The name is generally said to be derived from the Greek a, "not," and methuskein, "to intoxicate," expressing the old belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. It was held that wine drunk out of a cup of amethyst would not intoxicate. However, the word may probably be a corruption of an Oriental name for the stone. In the 20th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of manganese. However, since it is ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Agate

Agate is a term applied not to a distinct mineral species, but to an aggregate of various forms of silica, chiefly chalcedony. According to Theophrastus, the agate (achates) was named from the river Achates, now the Drillo, in Sicily, where the stone was first found. Agate - Formation and characteristics. Most agates occur as nodules in eruptive rocks or ancient lavas where they represent cavities originally produced by the disengagement of vapour in the molten mass which were then filled, wholly or ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Barite

Barite (BaSO4) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate. It is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of barium. Baryte is the British spelling. The radiating form is also sometimes refered to as Bologna Stone. Barite commonly occurs in lead-zinc veins in limestones, in hot spring deposits, and with hematite ore. It is often associated with the minerals anglesite and celestite. The name barite is derived from the Greek word barus (heavy). In commerce, the mineral is sometimes refer ...

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Azurite

Azurite is a carbonate mineral with chemical composition Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, (copper carbonate hydroxide). Azurite is often found in association with the green mineral malachite as a result of the weathering and oxidation of copper sulfide minerals. The name azurite comes from the Arabic word for blue. Azurite is used in jewelry and also collected as a beautiful mineral specimen.

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Azurite - Use as a pigment

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list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Apatite

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH-, F-, or Cl- ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. The formula of the admixture of the three most common species is Ca5(PO4)3(OH, F, Cl). Apatite is one of very few minerals which are produced and used by biological systems. Hydroxylapatite is the major component of tooth enamel, and a large component of bone m ...

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Apatite - External links

Read more here: » Apatite: Encyclopedia - Apatite

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Wollastonite

Wollastonite is a calcium inosilicate mineral (CaSiO3) that may contain small amounts of iron, magnesium, and manganese substituting for calcium. It is usually white. It forms when impure limestone or dolostone is subjected to high temperature and pressure sometimes in the presence of silica-bearing fluids as in skarns or contact metamorphic rocks. Associated minerals include garnets, vesuvianite, diopside, tremolite, epidote, plagioclase feldspar, and calcite. It is named after the English chemist a ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Vivianite

Vivianite Fe3(PO4)2·8(H2O), hydrated iron phosphate, is a secondary mineral found in a number of geological environments. Usually found as deep blue to deep bluish green prismatic to flattened crystals, most crystals rather small to microscopic, larger ones are rare. It is formed by the alteration of ore deposits near the surface, or of primary phosphates in pegmatites. Vivianite crystals are often found inside fossil shells, such as those of biva ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Calaverite

Calaverite, or gold telluride, is an uncommon telluride of gold; it is a metallic mineral. It was first discovered in Calaveras County, California in 1861. Its chemical formula is AuTe2. Its color may range from a silvery white to a brassy yellow. It is closely related to the gold - silver telluride sylvanite. Another mineral containing AuTe2 is krennerite. Calaverite occurs as monoclinic crystals, which do not possess cleavage planes. It has ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Uvarovite

Uvarovite is a chromium bearing garnet: Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3. It was discovered in 1832 and is named after Count Sergei Semenovitch Uvarov (1765-1855), a Russian statesman and amateur mineral collector. Uvarovite is the rarest of all the garnets, and is the only consistently green garnet, with a beautiful emerald-green color. It occurs as well-formed fine sized crystals. Specimens of uvarovite are much sought after by collectors for outstanding brilliance and color. It is found associated with chromium ores in Spain, Russia, and Quebec in Canada. It a ...

list of minerals: Encyclopedia - Quartz

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust. It has a hexagonal crystal structure made of trigonal crystallized silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2), with a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale. Density is 2.65 g/cm³. The typical shape is a six-sided prism that ends in six-sided pyramids, although these are often twinned, distorted, or so massive that only part of the shape is apparent from a mined specimen. Additionally a bed is a common form, particularly for varieties such as amethyst, where the cry ...