Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Management Techniques: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Management Techniques - 19th Century
developed by innovators like Eli Whitney, James Watt, and Matthew Boulton middle of the 19th century - human element with theories of wo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crisis Management: Encyclopedia - Crisis Management
Crisis management involves identifying a crisis, planning a response to the crisis and confronting and resolving the crisis. Crisis manag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business: Encyclopedia - Business
Business refers to at least three closely related commercial topics. The first is a commercial, professional or industrial organization o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence
The phrase business intelligence (BI) may refer to: a set of business processes for collecting and analyzing business information. the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outsourcing: Encyclopedia Ii - Outsourcing - Arguments For Outsourcing
A recent poll of economists by the Wall Street Journal found that only 16 percent of them saw outsourcing as having a significant impact ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Network Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Network Effect - Examples
Network effect - Software. There are very strong network effects operating in the market for widely-used computer software. Take for ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Private Bank: Encyclopedia Ii - Private Bank - Scale
As of 2000, the amount on deposit with private banks in the world was about US$13 trillion. To put that in perspective, the amount of ass...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quality Management System: Encyclopedia Ii - Quality Management System - Concept Of Quality - A Historical Background
The concept of quality evolved from inspection, measurement, and testing, which had been in practice for many, many years. Long ago, an a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Network Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Network Effect - Examples
Network effect - Financial Exchanges. Stock exchanges and derivatives exchanges feature a network effect. Market liquidity is a major d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outsourcing: Encyclopedia Ii - Outsourcing - Arguments For Outsourcing
A recent poll of economists by the Wall Street Journal found that only 16 % of them saw outsourcing as having a significant impact on the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Entrepreneurship: Encyclopedia Ii - Entrepreneurship - Community Entrepreneurship
Community entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial education. Educational systems must be as concerned with family and community health as the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Systems Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Systems Thinking - Why Use Systems Thinking Techniques?
Systems thinkers are particularly interested in studying systems because changing a system frequently leads to counterintuitive system re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Definitions Of Economics
Broadly speaking, economics is a social science, and its area of study is human activity involved in meeting needs and wants. However, be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crisis Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Crisis Management - In Management
In business there are three main types of crisis: Financial crisis - short term liquidity or cash flow problems; and long term bankruptc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - Bi Business Processes
Organizations typically gather information in order to assess the business environment, and cover fields such as marketing research, indu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business: Encyclopedia Ii - Business - Types Of Businesses
There are many types of businesses, and, as a result, businesses can be classified in many ways. One of the most common focuses on the pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Definitions Of Economics
Broadly speaking, economics is a social science, and its area of study is human activity involved in meeting needs and wants. However, be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Management - Historical Development
Some writers trace the development of management thought back to Sumerian traders and ancient Egyptian pyramid builders. Slave-owners thr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marketing: Encyclopedia - Marketing
Product / Price / Promotion "Placement" / Service / Retail Marketing research / Marketing strategy Advertising / Sales promotion Personal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - History
An early reference to non-business intelligence occurs in Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one should hav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Network Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Network Effect - Network Effects And Technology Lifecycle
If some existing technology or company whose benefits are largely based on network effects starts to lose market share against a challeng...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Network Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Network Effect - Network Effect Business Models
Network effects were used as justification for some of the business models for dot-coms in the late 1990s. These firms operated under the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Economics And Other Disciplines
There is some tension between economics and theories of ethics, historically a branch of philosophy, which emphasizes how people ought to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Network Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Network Effect - Network Effect Business Models
Network effects were used as justification for some of the business models for dot-coms in the late 1990s. These firms operated under the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - Bi Technology
Some observers regard BI as the process of enhancing data into information and then into knowledge. Persons involved in business intellig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management
Business performance management (BPM) is a set of processes that help organizations optimize business performance. BPM is seen as the nex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Model: Encyclopedia - Business Model
A business model (also called a business design) is the mechanism by which a business intends to generate revenue and profits. It is a su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertical Integration: Encyclopedia - Vertical Integration
In microeconomics and strategic management, the term vertical integration describes a style of ownership and control. Vertically integrat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Schools Of Economic Thought
There have been different and competing schools of economic thought pertaining to capitalism from the late 18th century to the early day....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia - Strategic Management
Strategic management is the process of specifying an organization's objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve these objectives...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia - Accountancy
Accountancy (profession) or accounting (methodology) is the measurement, disclosure or provision of assurance about information that help...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Management: Encyclopedia - Management
"Management" (from Old French ménagement "the art of conducting, directing", from Latin manu agere "to lead by the hand") characterises ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - Key Performance Indicators
BI often uses Key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the present state of business and to prescribe a course of action. More and mor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Development Of Economic Thought
Main article: History of economic thought. The term economics was coined around 1870 and popularized by influential "neoclassical" econom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Economic Language And Reasoning
Economics relies on rigorous styles of argument. Economic methodology has several interacting parts: Collection of economic data. These ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Economic Assumptions
Economics - Supply and demand. Main article: Supply and demand. In microeconomic theory supply and demand attempts to describe, explain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Areas Of Study In Economics
Economics is usually divided into two main branches: Microeconomics, which examines the economic behavior of individual actors such as b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outsourcing: Encyclopedia Ii - Outsourcing - Criticisms Of Outsourcing
Because "outsourced" workers are not actually paid agents of the company, it has been argued that there is less incentive for the agent t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Schools Of Economic Thought
There have been different and competing schools of economic thought pertaining to capitalism from the late 18th century to the early day....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Economics And Other Disciplines
There is some tension between economics and theories of ethics, historically a branch of philosophy, which emphasizes how people ought to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Network Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Network Effect - Network Effects And Technology Lifecycle
If some existing technology or company whose benefits are largely based on network effects starts to lose market share against a challeng...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Outsourcing: Encyclopedia Ii - Outsourcing - Overview
Outsourcing is defined as the management and/or day-to-day execution of an entire business function by a third party service provider. Ou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Development Of Economic Thought
Main article: History of economic thought. The term economics was coined around 1870 and popularized by influential "neoclassical" econom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Systems Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Systems Thinking - What Is A System?
A system is any set (group) of interdependent or temporally interacting parts. Parts are generally systems themselves and are composed of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Areas Of Study In Economics
Economics is usually divided into two main branches: Microeconomics, which examines the economic behavior of individual actors such as b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Economic Assumptions
Economics - Supply and demand. Main article: Supply and demand. In microeconomic theory supply and demand attempts to describe, explain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Economics - Economic Language And Reasoning
Economics relies on rigorous styles of argument. Economic methodology has several interacting parts: Collection of economic data. These ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quality Management System: Encyclopedia Ii - Quality Management System - Current Good Manufacturing Practice
According to Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) medical device manufacturers should use good judgment when developing their quali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quality Management System: Encyclopedia Ii - Quality Management System - Quality Management Organizations And Awards
The International Organization for Standardization's ISO 9000 series describes standards for a QMS addressing the processes surrounding t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Positioning Marketing: Encyclopedia Ii - Positioning Marketing - Product Positioning Process
Generally, the product positioning process involves: Defining the market in which the product or brand will compete (who the relevant bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stock Market: Encyclopedia Ii - Stock Market - Definition
Securities Bond Commercial paper Hybrid security Stock Warrant Markets Bond market Stock market Stock exchange Stocks Share Stock Warran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Manufacturing: Encyclopedia Ii - Manufacturing - Manufacturing Topics
Manufacturing - Taxonomy of manufacturing processes. Taxonomy of manufacturing processes (separate page) Manufacturing - Manufacturing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mathematical Finance: Encyclopedia Ii - Mathematical Finance - Mathematical Finance Articles
Mathematical finance - Mathematical tools. Probability Probability distribution Binomial distribution Log-normal distribution Expec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discount: Encyclopedia Ii - Discount - Example
As an example, suppose an individual wants to find the net present value of $100 that will be received in five years time. There is a que...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stock Exchange: Encyclopedia Ii - Stock Exchange - History Of The Stock Exchange
In 12th century France the courratiers de change were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on beh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scale Social Sciences: Encyclopedia Ii - Scale Social Sciences - Composite Measures
Composite measures of variables are created by combining two or more separate empirical indicators into a single measure. Composite measu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - History
Accountancy's infancy dates back to the earliest days of human agriculture and civilization (the Sumerians in Mesopotamia), when the need...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - Bi Business Processes
Organisations typically gather information in order to assess the business environment, and cover fields such as marketing research, indu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marketing: Encyclopedia Ii - Marketing - Product Price Promotion And Placement
In popular usage, the term "marketing" refers to the promotion of products, especially advertising and branding. However, in professional...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertical Integration: Encyclopedia Ii - Vertical Integration - Examples
Vertical integration - Music industry. Some in the music recording industry believe vertical integration is the best way to survive in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - History
Accountancy's infancy dates back to the earliest days of human agriculture and civilization (the Sumerians in Mesopotamia), when the need...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marketing: Encyclopedia Ii - Marketing - Product Price Promotion And Placement
In popular usage, "marketing" is the promotion of products, especially advertising and branding. However, in professional usage the term ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Reference Tables: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Reference Tables - Reference
List of reference tables - Standards. List of standards topics (these could easily be cross-referenced under other relevant categories...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Performance Management - History
An early reference to non-business performance management occurs in Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - Headline Text
Strategic management - Growth and portfolio theory. In the 1970s much of strategic management dealt with size, growth, and portfolio th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Model: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Model - Types Of Business Models
Generally, the business models of service firms are more complex than those of manufacturers and resellers. The oldest and most basic bus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Model: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Model - Types Of Business Models
Generally, the business models of service firms are more complex than those of manufacturers and resellers. The oldest and most basic bus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marketing: Encyclopedia Ii - Marketing - Product, Price, Promotion, And Placement
In popular usage, the term "marketing" refers to the promotion of products, especially advertising and branding. However, in professional...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - Accounting Conventions
Accountancy - Use of computers in accountancy. Accounting software Databases spreadsheet programs Accountancy - Accounting standards...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Reference Tables: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Reference Tables - Physical Sciences And Nature
List of reference tables - Agriculture and food. List of cocktails List of commercial brands of beer List of diets List of Fast-food ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - Topics In Accounting
See list of accounting topics for complete listing. Accountancy - Auditing. Assurance services Audit Information technology audit Ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Reference Tables: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Reference Tables - Social Sciences And Society
List of reference tables - Business finance and economics. List of accounting topics List of management topics List of marketing topic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - The Big Four Accountancy Firms
The "Big Four auditors" are the largest multinational accountancy firms. PricewaterhouseCoopers Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ernst & You...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scale Social Sciences: Encyclopedia Ii - Scale Social Sciences - Scale Evaluation
Scales should be tested for reliability, generalizability, and validity. Generalizability is the ability to make inferences from a sample...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - Accountancy Qualifications And Regulation
The requirements for entry in the profession of accounting vary from country to country. Accountancy - Commonwealth of Nations. In the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - Bi Technology
Some observers regard BI as the process of enhancing data into information and then into knowledge. Persons involved in business intellig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Reference Tables: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Reference Tables - Geography And Places
List of reference tables - Cities. List of city listings by country List of cities that have been the birthplace of a genre of music C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marketing: Encyclopedia Ii - Marketing - Technique
For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "p's" must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers in the target market...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - History
An early reference to non-business intelligence occurs in Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one should hav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stock Market: Encyclopedia Ii - Stock Market - Investment Strategies
One of the many things people always want to know about the stock market is, "How do I make money investing?" There are many different ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stock Market: Encyclopedia Ii - Stock Market - Leverage Strategies
Stock that a trader does not actually own may be traded using short selling and margin buying. Stock market - Short selling. Main arti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marketing: Encyclopedia Ii - Marketing - The Neurobiology Of Marketing
In 1970 neurologist Paul D. MacLean proposed that the human brain has three parts, each one of which grew on top of the other, over evolu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Intelligence - Key Performance Indicators
BI often uses Key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the present state of business and to prescribe a course of action. More and mor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - General Approaches
In general terms, there are two main approaches, which are opposite but complement each other in some ways, to strategic management: The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Reference Tables: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Reference Tables - Art And Culture
List of reference tables - Art. List of visual arts and design topics List of artworks List of notable museums and galleries List of m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Management - Nature Of The Work
In for-profit work, the primary function of management is to satisfy a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Reference Tables: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Reference Tables - Philosophy And Religion
List of reference tables - Philosophy. List of philosophical lists List of basic philosophical topics List of ethics topics Glossar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - General Approaches
In general terms, there are two main approaches, which are opposite but complement each other in some ways, to strategic management: The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Performance Management - Application Software Types
People working in business intelligence have developed tools that ease the work, especially when the intelligence task involves gathering...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Performance Management - Metrics / Key Performance Indicators
Most of the time, BPM simply means use of several financial/nonfinancial metrics/key performance indicators to assess the present state ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Performance Management - Designing And Implementing A Business Performance Management Programme
When implementing a BPM programme one might like to pose a number of questions and take a number of resultant decisions, such as: Goal A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - The Strategy Hierarchy
In most (large) corporations there are several levels of strategy. Strategic management is the highest in the sense that it is the broade...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - Historical Development Of Strategic Management
Strategic management - Birth of strategic management. Strategic management as a discipline originated in the 1950s and 60s. Although th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Performance Management - What Is Bpm?
BPM involves consolidation of data from various sources, querying, and analysis of the data, and putting the results into practice. BPM ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Management - Nature Of The Work
In for-profit work, the primary function of management is satisfy a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (for t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - Accountancy Qualifications And Regulation
The requirements for entry in the profession of accounting vary from country to country. Accountancy - British Commonwealth. In the Uni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - The Big Four Accountancy Firms
The "Big Four auditors" are the largest multinational accountancy firms. PricewaterhouseCoopers Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ernst & You...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - Topics In Accounting
See list of accounting topics for complete listing. Accountancy - Auditing. Assurance services Audit Information technology audit Ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Accountancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Accountancy - Accounting Conventions
Accountancy - Use of computers in accountancy. Accounting software Databases spreadsheet programs Accountancy - Accounting standards...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - The Psychology Of Strategic Management
Several psychologists have conducted studies to determine the psychological patterns involved in strategic management. Typically senior m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Strategic Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Strategic Management - Teaching Strategic Management
The nebulous nature of the strategic management process has caused problems for universities. How do you teach “intuition”? Should we...   » Read the article