The Kamakura period saw the introduction of the two schools that had perhaps the greatest impact on the country: the Amidist Pure Land schools, promulgated by evagelists such as Genshin and articulated by monks such as Hōnen, which emphasized salvation through faith in Amitabha and remain the largest Buddhist sect in Japan (and throughout Asia) to this day; and the more philosophical Zen schools, which were equally rapidly adopted by the upper classes and had a profound impact on Japanese culture.

Buddhism in Japan, Buddhism in Japan - Early Chinese accounts, Buddhism in Japan - Nara Period, Buddhism in Japan - Ritsu, Buddhism in Japan - Jojitsu, Buddhism in Japan - Kusha, Buddhism in Japan - Sanron, Buddhism in Japan - Hosso, Buddhism in Japan - Kegon, Buddhism in Japan - Heian Period, Buddhism in Japan - Tendai, Buddhism in Japan - Shingon, Buddhism in Japan - Kamakura to Modern Period, Buddhism in Japan - Amidist Schools, Buddhism in Japan - Zen Schools, Buddhism in Japan - Nichiren Buddhism, Buddhism in Japan - Timeline

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Leaders of the free settler community, such as Wentworth and Macarthur, complained to London about Macquarie's policies, and in 1819 the government appointed an English judge, John Bigge, to visit New South Wales and report on its administration. Bigge generally agreed with the settlers' criticisms, and his reports on the colony led to Macquarie's resignation in 1821: he had however served longer than any other governor. Bigge also recommended that no governor should again be allowed to rule as an autocrat, and in 1825 the New South Wales Legislative Council, ...

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Lachlan Macquarie, Lachlan Macquarie - As Governor, Lachlan Macquarie - As reformer and explorer, Lachlan Macquarie - Return to Scotland death and legacy, Lachlan Macquarie - Places named after Macquarie

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Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1538), considered to be the founder of Sikhism, was born in the village of Talwandi, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore. His father, Mehta Kalu was a Patwari- an accountant of land revenue in the government. Guru's mother was Mata Tripta and he had one older sister, Bibi Nanki. His parents, Kalu Mehta and Matta Tripat, were Hindus of the Khatri caste. From the very childhood, Bibi Nanki saw in him the Light of God but she did not reveal this secret to anyone. She is known as the first disciple of Guru Nanak. Even as a ...

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Sikhism, Sikhism - History of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism - Sikh religious philosophy, Sikhism - Primary beliefs and principles, Sikhism - Underlying values, Sikhism - Prohibited behavior, Sikhism - Technique and methods, Sikhism - Other observations, Sikhism - Observations, Sikhism - All welcomed, Sikhism - Followers of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Five Ks, Sikhism - Sikhs around the world, Sikhism - Sikhs and Punjabis, Sikhism - The Khalsa, Sikhism - Khalistan

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Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1538), considered to be the founder of Sikhism, was born in the village of Talwandi, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore (in what is present day Pakistan). His father, Mehta Kalu was a Patwari- an accountant of land revenue in the government. Nanak's mother was Mata Tripta and he had one older sister, Bibi Nanki. His parents, Kalu Mehta and Matta Tripat, were Hindus of the Khatri caste. From the very childhood, Bibi Nanki saw in him the Light of God but she did not reveal this secret to anyone. She is known as the firs ...

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Sikhism, Sikhism - History of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism - Sikh religious philosophy, Sikhism - Primary beliefs and principles, Sikhism - Underlying values, Sikhism - Prohibited behavior, Sikhism - Technique and methods, Sikhism - Other observations, Sikhism - Observations, Sikhism - All welcomed, Sikhism - Followers of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Five Ks, Sikhism - Sikhs around the world, Sikhism - Sikhs and Punjabis, Sikhism - The Khalsa, Sikhism - Khalistan

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Before his death in 632, Prophet Muhammad had established Islam as a social and political force and had unified most of Arabia. A few decades after his death, his successors had united all of Arabia, and conquered Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Armenia, and much of North Africa. By 750, Islam had emerged as the spiritual counterpart to the two great monotheistic belief systems, Judaism and Christianity, and as the geopolitical successor to the Roman Empire. The rest of North Africa had come under Muslim rule, as well as the entire Iberian Peninsula ...

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Muhammad, Muhammad - Summary, Muhammad - Sources about Muhammad's life, Muhammad - Muhammad's life according to Sira, Muhammad - Muhammad's genealogy, Muhammad - Childhood, Muhammad - Middle years, Muhammad - The first revelations, Muhammad - Rejection, Muhammad - Isra and Miraj, Muhammad - Hijra, Muhammad - War, Muhammad - Muhammad's rule consolidated, Muhammad - Continued warfare, Muhammad - The conquest of Mecca, Muhammad - Unification of Arabia, Muhammad - Muhammad as a warrior, Muhammad - Muhammad's family life, Muhammad - Companions of Muhammad, Muhammad - The death of Muhammad, Muhammad - Muhammad's descendants, Muhammad - Muhammad's historical significance, Muhammad - Muslim veneration of Muhammad

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Hellenic polytheism - Naming. Modern revivalist or reconstructionist Hellenic polytheism exists in several forms, both in Greece and in other countries. There are no standardized naming practices for this religion, and individual practitioners and groups use a variety of names, often reflecting subtle differences in belief or practice. The Greek organization YSEE (Υπατο Συμβουλιο των Ελληνων Εθνικων, Supreme Council of Ethnikoi Hellenes) refers to the religion as the "Ethnic ...

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Hellenic polytheism, Hellenic polytheism - Ancient Hellenic polytheism, Hellenic polytheism - Modern revivalist movements, Hellenic polytheism - Naming, Hellenic polytheism - Beliefs and practices, Hellenic polytheism - Discrimination and controversy, Hellenic polytheism - See Also, Hellenic polytheism - Notes

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Iran - Ethnic groups. The majority of Iran's population speak one of the Iranian languages, though only Persian is an official language. While the number, percentage, and definition of the different Iranian peoples is disputed, the major ethnic groups and minorities in Iran include the Persians (51%), Azeris (24%), Gilaki and Mazandarani (8%), Kurds (7%), Arabs (3%), Baluchi (2%), Lurs (2%), Turkmen people (2%), Qashqai, Armenians, Georgians, Persian Jews, Assyrians and others. These percentages however are only ...

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Iran, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - The Supreme Leader Rahbar, Iran - The President Ra'is-e Jomhoor, Iran - The Parliament Majles, Iran - The Assembly of Experts, Iran - The Council of Guardians, Iran - The Expediency Council, Iran - The Judiciary, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references

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Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by ten Gurus — teachers or masters — over the period 1469 to 1708. Each master added to and reinforced the message taught by the previous, resulting to the creation of the religion of Sikhism. Guru Nanak was the first Guru and Guru Gobind Singh the final Guru in human form. When Guru Gobind Singh left this world, he made the Guru Granth Sahib the ultimate and final Sikh Guru. The Gurus are believed to have the same spirit, or "jot", but different bodies. Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib. < ...

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Sikhism, Sikhism - History of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism - Sikh religious philosophy, Sikhism - Primary beliefs and principles, Sikhism - Underlying values, Sikhism - Prohibited behavior, Sikhism - Technique and methods, Sikhism - Other observations, Sikhism - Observations, Sikhism - All welcomed, Sikhism - Followers of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Five Ks, Sikhism - Sikhs around the world, Sikhism - Sikhs and Punjabis, Sikhism - The Khalsa, Sikhism - Khalistan

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Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by ten Gurus — teachers or masters — over the period 1469 to 1708. Each master added to and reinforced the message taught by the previous, resulting to the creation of the religion of Sikhism. Guru Nanak was the first Guru and Guru Gobind Singh the final Guru in human form. When Guru Gobind Singh left this world, he made the Guru Granth Sahib the ultimate and final Sikh Guru. The Gurus are believed to have the same spiri ...

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Sikhism, Sikhism - History of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism - Sikh religious philosophy, Sikhism - Primary beliefs and principles, Sikhism - Underlying values, Sikhism - Prohibited behavior, Sikhism - Technique and methods, Sikhism - Other observations, Sikhism - Observations, Sikhism - All welcomed, Sikhism - Followers of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Five Ks, Sikhism - Sikhs around the world, Sikhism - Sikhs and Punjabis, Sikhism - The Khalsa, Sikhism - Khalistan

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"Jewish Christians" today are persons who are ethnically Jewish but who have become part of a "mainstream" Christian group which is not predominantly based on an appeal to Jewish ethnicity or the Law of Moses. This term is used as a contrast to Messianic Jews, a majority of whom are ethnic Jews who have converted to a religion in which Christian belief (often of a very evangelical nature) is generally engrafted onto Jewish ritual which would, to ou ...

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Jewish Christians, Jewish Christians - History of Christianity, Jewish Christians - Circumcision controversy, Jewish Christians - Contemporary Jewish Christians, Jewish Christians - Similar groups

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Max Weber was – along with Karl Marx, Vilfredo Pareto and Émile Durkheim – one of the founders of modern sociology. Whereas Pareto and Durkheim, following Comte, worked in the positivist tradition, Weber created and worked – like Werner Sombart, his friend and then the most famous representative of German sociology – in the antipositivist, idealist and hermeneutic tradition. Those works started the antipositivistic revolution in social sciences, which stressed the difference between the social sciences and natural sciences, especial ...

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Max Weber, Max Weber - Life and career, Max Weber - Weber and German politics, Max Weber - Achievements, Max Weber - Sociology of religion, Max Weber - Sociology of politics and government, Max Weber - Economics, Max Weber - Works, Max Weber - Attacks from conservatives

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List of Cornell University people - Nobel laureates - Graduates. George W. Beadle (Ph.D. 1930) - Nobel laureate (Physiology/Medicine 1958) Pearl S. Buck (M.A. 1926) - author of the Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Good Earth, and Nobel Prize laureate (1938, literature). Robert F. Engle (M.S. 1966, Ph.D. 1969) - co-winner of the 2003 Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for work modeling the volatility of time-series data Robert Fogel (B.A. 1948) - Nobel laureate (Economics ...

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List of Cornell University people, List of Cornell University people - Alumni, List of Cornell University people - Nobel laureates - Graduates, List of Cornell University people - Government / Law / Public Policy, List of Cornell University people - Business, List of Cornell University people - Medicine, List of Cornell University people - Social Sciences, List of Cornell University people - Science and Technology, List of Cornell University people - NASA Astronauts, List of Cornell University people - Literature, List of Cornell University people - Fine arts, List of Cornell University people - Entertainment / Music / Sports, List of Cornell University people - Architecture, List of Cornell University people - Crime, List of Cornell University people - Faculty, List of Cornell University people - Nobel laureates, List of Cornell University people - Other notable faculty, List of Cornell University people - Fictional Cornellians, List of Cornell University people - University Presidents, List of Cornell University people - Trustees

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Hinduism - Origins of Hinduism. Main article: History of Hinduism Hinduism is the world's oldest major religion in existence. From a Hindu perspective, the Sanatana Dharma propounds eternal and universal principles with no beginning or end. Hindu puranas and astronomical evidence within place Lord Krishna's birth at a date of 3100 BCE Krishna's incarnation was preceded by Lord Rama's, sometimes dated at over 5,000 BCE, or even millions of years ago according to the Ramayana. It is belie ...

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Hinduism, Hinduism - Core Concepts, Hinduism - The Eternal Way, Hinduism - Basic beliefs, Hinduism - Practice Yoga Dharma, Hinduism - The four objectives Of Life, Hinduism - The four stages of Life, Hinduism - The four classes of the society, Hinduism - Nature of God, Hinduism - Denominations, Hinduism - Hindu sacred texts, Hinduism - Shruti, Hinduism - Bhagavad Gītā, Hinduism - Smriti, Hinduism - Origins and society, Hinduism - Origins of Hinduism, Hinduism - Etymology, Hinduism - Vedic religion, Hinduism - Hindu nationalism, Hinduism - Temples, Hinduism - Current geographic distribution, Hinduism - Hindu philosophy: the six Vedic schools of thought, Hinduism - Pūrva Mīmāmsā, Hinduism - Yoga, Hinduism - Uttara Mimāmsā: Vedānta and its three main schools, Hinduism - Alternative cultures of worship, Hinduism - The Bhakti schools, Hinduism - Tantra, Hinduism - Important symbolism and themes in Hinduism, Hinduism - Tilaka symbol on forehead or between eyebrows, Hinduism - Ahimsa non-violence vegetarian diet and the cow, Hinduism - Hindu symbolism, Hinduism - Murtis icons, Hinduism - Sanskrit, Hinduism - Mantra, Hinduism - Criticism, Hinduism - Hinduism, Hinduism - Related systems and religions

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Throughout history there have always been leaders who have fostered adulation. For much of premodern times, absolute monarchies were the dominant form of government, and monarchs were almost always held in enormous reverence. Through the principle of the divine right of kings, rulers were said to hold office by the will of God, and thus criticism of any leader was interpreted not only as treason but also as blasphemy. Many leaders of the Roman Empire and Hellenistic Greece displayed features of today's cults of personality, as did Imperial China, with ancient Egypt especially noted for ...

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Cult of personality, Cult of personality - History, Cult of personality - Characteristics, Cult of personality - Examples

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Throughout history there have always been leaders who have fostered adulation. Many leaders of the Roman Empire and Hellenistic Greece displayed features of today's cults of personality, as did Imperial China, with ancient Egypt especially noted for elevating monarchs to the status of god-kings. For much of premodern times, absolute monarchies were the dominant form of government, and monarchs were almost always held in enormous reverence. Through the principle of the divine right of kings, rulers were said to hold office by the will of God, which demonstrates the poten ...

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Cult of personality, Cult of personality - History, Cult of personality - Characteristics, Cult of personality - Examples

Read more here: » Cult of personality: Encyclopedia II - Cult of personality - History

The founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak, was born in 1469 to a Khatri family in central Punjab. After four epic journeys (north to Tibet, south to Sri Lanka, east to Bengal and west to Mecca and Baghdad) Guru Nanak preached to Hindus and others, and in the process attracted a following of "Sikhs," or disciples. Religion, he taught, was a way to unite people, but in practice he found that it set men against one another. He particularly regretted the antagonism between Hindus and Muslims as well as certain ritualistic practices that distracted peop ...

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Sikhism, Sikhism - History of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism - Sikh religious philosophy, Sikhism - Primary beliefs and principles, Sikhism - Underlying values, Sikhism - Prohibited behavior, Sikhism - Technique and methods, Sikhism - Other observations, Sikhism - Observations, Sikhism - All welcomed, Sikhism - Followers of Sikhism, Sikhism - The Five Ks, Sikhism - Sikhs around the world, Sikhism - Sikhs and Punjabis, Sikhism - The Khalsa, Sikhism - Khalistan

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Main article: Demographics of Senegal Senegal has a population of some 10 million, about 70% of whom live in rural areas. Density in these areas varies from about 77 km² in the west-central region to 2 km²in the arid eastern section. Senegal - Ethnicity. Senegal has a wide variety of ethnic groups and, accordingly, multiple languages are spoken. French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. The Wolof are the largest single group in Senegal at 43%, othe ...

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Senegal, Senegal - History, Senegal - Geography, Senegal - Politics, Senegal - Economy, Senegal - Demographics, Senegal - Ethnicity, Senegal - Religion, Senegal - Subdivisions, Senegal - Culture, Senegal - Miscellaneous topics

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Senegal has a population of some 10 million, about 70% of whom live in rural areas. Density in these areas varies from about 77km² in the west-central region to 2 km² in the arid eastern section. Senegal - Ethnicity. Senegal has a wide variety of ethnic groups and, accordingly, multiple languages are spoken. French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. The Wolof are the largest single group in Senegal at 43%, other ethnic groups include the Fula (24%), the Serer (1 ...

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Senegal, Senegal - History, Senegal - Geography, Senegal - Politics, Senegal - Economy, Senegal - Demographics, Senegal - Ethnicity, Senegal - Religion, Senegal - Subdivisions, Senegal - Culture, Senegal - Miscellaneous topics

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Different countries have different approaches to the separation of church and state. Separation of church and state - Australia. Since the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, religious freedom has been guaranteed and state religion has been outlawed. Section 116 of the Australian Constitution says: The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualifi ...

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Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - Countries with separation

Different countries have different approaches to the separation of church and state. Separation of church and state - Australia. Since the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, religious freedom has been guaranteed and state religion has been outlawed. Section 116 of the Australian Constitution says: The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualifi ...

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Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - Countries with separation

The association between Christianity and fascism is highly contentious. Discussions of how Fascism and Christianity were linked in some European countries between World War One and World War Two can be found at Clerical fascism. Neofascism and religion - The U.S. Christian right. "Christian fascism" is a term used by some critics, primarily on the political left and libertarians, to describe what they see as an emerging proto-fascism, and to warn that action is needed to stop ...

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Neofascism and religion, Neofascism and religion - Terminology, Neofascism and religion - Fascism as a social movement, Neofascism and religion - Christianity, Neofascism and religion - The U.S. Christian right, Neofascism and religion - Other forms, Neofascism and religion - Islam, Neofascism and religion - Concepts and terms, Neofascism and religion - Proponents, Neofascism and religion - Opponents, Neofascism and religion - Judaism, Neofascism and religion - Hinduism, Neofascism and religion - Paganism, Neofascism and religion - Fascism as vague epithet, Neofascism and religion - General, Neofascism and religion - Christianity, Neofascism and religion - Islam, Neofascism and religion - Judaism, Neofascism and religion - Hinduism, Neofascism and religion - Paganism

Read more here: » Neofascism and religion: Encyclopedia II - Neofascism and religion - Christianity

The association between Christianity and fascism is highly contentious. Discussions of how Fascism and Christianity were linked in some European countries between World War One and World War Two can be found at Clerical fascism. Neofascism and religion - The U.S. Christian right. "Christian fascism" is a term used by some critics, primarily on the political left and libertarians, to describe what they see as an emerging proto-fascism, and to warn that action is needed to stop ...

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Neofascism and religion, Neofascism and religion - Terminology, Neofascism and religion - Fascism as a social movement, Neofascism and religion - Christianity, Neofascism and religion - The U.S. Christian right, Neofascism and religion - Other forms, Neofascism and religion - Islam, Neofascism and religion - Concepts and terms, Neofascism and religion - The Islamofascism label, Neofascism and religion - Judaism, Neofascism and religion - Hinduism, Neofascism and religion - Paganism, Neofascism and religion - Fascism as vague epithet, Neofascism and religion - General, Neofascism and religion - Christianity, Neofascism and religion - Islam, Neofascism and religion - Judaism, Neofascism and religion - Hinduism, Neofascism and religion - Paganism

Read more here: » Neofascism and religion: Encyclopedia II - Neofascism and religion - Christianity