Trafficking in human beings, sometimes called human trafficking, or sex trafficking (as the majority of victims are women or children forced into prostitution) is not the same as people smuggling. A smuggler will facilitate illegal entry into a country for a fee, but on arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is free; the trafficking victim is enslaved. Victims do not agree to be trafficked: they are tricked, lured by false promises, or forced into it. Traffickers use coercive tactics including deception, fraud, intim ...

See also:

Smuggling, Smuggling - Human trafficking

Read more here: » Smuggling: Encyclopedia II - Smuggling - Human trafficking

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs

'Hard drugs' are generally drugs considered to create a high degree of physical dependence (i.e. addiction) or considered to be a serious detriment to society or personal health. Illegal supply of these so called hard drugs is driven mainly by the economics of drug prohibition coupled with the addiction of their users, with huge profit margins available due to the collision of high demand for the drugs with harsh laws that attempt to prohibit their supply and use. The vast profits on offer mean that the trade is run by highly or ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs

Illegal drugs can be broken down into two major classes: those extracted from plants, and those synthesized from chemical precursors. For the first class, such as marijuana and cocaine, the growing area is important, and substantial farming is needed for mass production. For the second class, such as MDMA and methamphetamine, access to chemical precursors is most important. Major drug farming and manufacturing countries include Colombia and other Latin American countries for mainly cocaine the Asian Golden Triang ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing

There are two primary means of distribution: a hierarchy and a hub-and-spoke layout. A hierarchical arrangement includes the manufacturer who uses his own men to smuggle, wholesale and store, and distribute the narcotics. A hub-and-spoke layout takes advantage of local gangs and other localized criminal organizations. The cartel is at the center, with satellite organizations that may provide certain services to the manufacturer, and then there is a plurality of distinct groups, each with its own chain. Smuggling is typically accomplished via small boats and yacht ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling

Since the late 1980's/early 1990's, narcotics trafficking organizations headed and comprised of Mexican nationals became the dominant force of the illicit drug trade in the United States. Mexican trafficking organizations usurped control from Colombian trafficking organizations. In the early 1980's, cocaine emerged as a drug of choice for many Americans and its use became prevalent through-out the socio-economic spectrum. Initially, Colombians were responsible for growing, processing and distributing cocaine in the U.S., but their str ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S.

Van Tuong Nguyen (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Tường Vân, baptised Caleb[1]) (17 August 1980 – 2 December 2005) was a Thailand–born Vietnamese Australian from Melbourne, Victoria, convicted of drug trafficking in Singapore. He is also addressed as Nguyen Tuong Van in the Singapore media. Such offences carry a mandatory death sentence under Singapore's Misuse of Drugs Act, and despite pleas for clemency from the Australian government, Amnesty International as well as other individuals and groups, he was exec ...

Including:

Van Tuong Nguyen - Youth Van Tuong Nguyen - Drug trafficking Van Tuong Nguyen - Arrest Van Tuong Nguyen - Trials Van Tuong Nguyen - Pleas for clemency
Van Tuong Nguyen - Government of Australia Van Tuong Nguyen - Other groups Van Tuong Nguyen - Singaporean response
Van Tuong Nguyen - Nguyen's letters Van Tuong Nguyen - Vigils Van Tuong Nguyen - John Howard's warning against illicit drugs Van Tuong Nguyen - Funeral

Read more here: » Van Tuong Nguyen: Encyclopedia - Van Tuong Nguyen

To be written Illegal drug trade - Australia. There is a movement in Australia to make some narcotics decriminalised, particularly marijuana, the possession of such, in most states being a non-convictable offence (the definition of what constitutes possession differs however). Heroin trials have been tried in various states with mixed results. As a result of the decriminalisation, the punishments for drug use and drug dealing in Australia are typically very small, with many ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Soft drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids trade, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis trade, Illegal drug trade - Ecstasy MDMA trade, Illegal drug trade - Ketamine trade, Illegal drug trade - LSD trade, Illegal drug trade - GHB trade, Illegal drug trade - PCP trade, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin Mushroom trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal alcohol trade, Illegal drug trade - Illegal tobacco trade, Illegal drug trade - Hard drugs, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Crack Cocaine trade, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium trade, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence Of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands/Holland, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries

Illegal drugs can be broken down into two major classes: those extracted from plants, and those synthesized from chemical precursors. For the first class, such as cannabis and cocaine, the growing area is important, and substantial farming is needed for mass production. For the second class, such as MDMA and methamphetamine, access to chemical precursors is most important. Major drug farming and manufacturing countries include Colombia and other Latin American countries, mainly for cocaine the Asian Golden Triang ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Availability of controlled substances over the Internet, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia, Illegal drug trade - Trade of specific drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis, Illegal drug trade - LSD, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin mushrooms, Illegal drug trade - Alcohol, Illegal drug trade - Tobacco, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Crack cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing

There are two primary means of distribution: a hierarchy and a hub-and-spoke layout. A hierarchical arrangement includes the manufacturer who uses his own men to smuggle, wholesale and store, and distribute the narcotics. A hub-and-spoke layout takes advantage of local gangs and other localized criminal organizations. The cartel is at the center, with satellite organizations that may provide certain services to the manufacturer, and then there is a plurality of distinct groups, each with its own chain. Smuggling is typically accomplished via small boats and ya ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Availability of controlled substances over the Internet, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia, Illegal drug trade - Trade of specific drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis, Illegal drug trade - LSD, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin mushrooms, Illegal drug trade - Alcohol, Illegal drug trade - Tobacco, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Crack cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling

Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids. For detailed information on anabolic steroids, see the Anabolic steroids article. Illegal use of anabolic steroids, a class of hormones, is primarily to improve the muscular system of the human body for either increased performance (for example by athletes) or better bodybuilding results. Anabolic steroids are not known to be chemically addictive, but can be psycho ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Availability of controlled substances over the Internet, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia, Illegal drug trade - Trade of specific drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis, Illegal drug trade - LSD, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin mushrooms, Illegal drug trade - Alcohol, Illegal drug trade - Tobacco, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Crack cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Trade of specific drugs

Heroin - Manufacturing. Heroin is produced for the black market through opium refinement processes. Unlike drugs such as LSD, the production of which requires considerable expertise in chemistry and access to constituents which are now tightly controlled, the refinement of heroin from opium is a relatively simple process requiring only moderate technical know-how and common chemicals. First morphine is isolated from the crude opium and then reacted with acetic anhydride, a chemical also used in the product ...

See also:

Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - Production and trafficking

Nguyen and his twin brother Dang Khoa were born in a refugee camp at Sonkha in Thailand. He did not know his father until 2001 when he travelled from the United States to Australia. His mother, Kim, is Vietnamese and migrated to Australia shortly after the boys' birth. She married a Vietnamese Australian in 1987, who Nguyen said beat them often. His education was at St. Joseph Primary School in Springvale, Melbo ...

See also:

Van Tuong Nguyen, Van Tuong Nguyen - Youth, Van Tuong Nguyen - Drug trafficking, Van Tuong Nguyen - Arrest, Van Tuong Nguyen - Trials, Van Tuong Nguyen - Pleas for clemency, Van Tuong Nguyen - Government of Australia, Van Tuong Nguyen - Other groups, Van Tuong Nguyen - Singaporean response, Van Tuong Nguyen - Nguyen's letters, Van Tuong Nguyen - Vigils, Van Tuong Nguyen - John Howard's warning against illicit drugs, Van Tuong Nguyen - Funeral

Read more here: » Van Tuong Nguyen: Encyclopedia II - Van Tuong Nguyen - Youth

The fact that marijuana was located in Corby's luggage has never been disputed, but Corby has since consistently maintained that she had become an unwitting drug courier (drug mule) for what was supposed to have been an interstate shipment of drugs between Brisbane and Sydney in Australia. In proposing such a defence, any indication that Corby might have been reluctant to present her luggage would have been severely injurious to her defence. Ultimately, the case for the prosecution included testimony from four Indonesian officers that ...

See also:

Schapelle Corby, Schapelle Corby - Pre-arrest history, Schapelle Corby - Arrest, Schapelle Corby - Criminal trial, Schapelle Corby - Prosecution, Schapelle Corby - Defence, Schapelle Corby - Verdict, Schapelle Corby - Appeal, Schapelle Corby - News Limited photographs, Schapelle Corby - Supreme Court appeal overturned, Schapelle Corby - Brother arrested, Schapelle Corby - Last hope for freedom, Schapelle Corby - Ron Bakir, Schapelle Corby - Conduct of the case, Schapelle Corby - Effect on relations with Indonesia, Schapelle Corby - Corby family's drug links, Schapelle Corby - Media involvement and public perceptions in the case, Schapelle Corby - Comments from public figures, Schapelle Corby - Australian government response, Schapelle Corby - Russell Crowe, Schapelle Corby - Lindy Chamberlain, Schapelle Corby - Henry Rollins, Schapelle Corby - Corby Supporters sites

Read more here: » Schapelle Corby: Encyclopedia II - Schapelle Corby - Criminal trial

Illegal drug trade - Australia. There is a movement in Australia to make some narcotics decriminalised, particularly cannabis, making the possession of such a non-convictable offence in most states (however, the definition of what constitutes possession can differ between states). Heroin trials have been tried in various states with mixed results. As a result of the decriminalisation, the punishments for drug use and drug dealing in Australia are typically very small, with many ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Availability of controlled substances over the Internet, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia, Illegal drug trade - Trade of specific drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis, Illegal drug trade - LSD, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin mushrooms, Illegal drug trade - Alcohol, Illegal drug trade - Tobacco, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Crack cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries

Illegal drug trade - Availability of controlled substances over the Internet. "No Prescription Websites" (NPWs) offer to sell controlled substances without a valid prescription. NPWs were first recognized by the U.S. Justice Department in 1999, indicating that such sites had been operating at least through the late 1990s. NPWs enable dealers and users to complete transactions without direct contact. While many NPWs accept credit cards, others only accept cash thereby further reducing any paper trail. Many NPWs ar ...

See also:

Illegal drug trade, Illegal drug trade - Manufacturing and processing, Illegal drug trade - Distribution and wholesaling, Illegal drug trade - Retail selling, Illegal drug trade - Availability of controlled substances over the Internet, Illegal drug trade - Rising influence of Mexican cartels in drug trafficking in the U.S., Illegal drug trade - Punishments in various countries, Illegal drug trade - Australia, Illegal drug trade - The Netherlands, Illegal drug trade - Indonesia, Illegal drug trade - Trade of specific drugs, Illegal drug trade - Anabolic steroids, Illegal drug trade - Cannabis, Illegal drug trade - LSD, Illegal drug trade - Psilocybin mushrooms, Illegal drug trade - Alcohol, Illegal drug trade - Tobacco, Illegal drug trade - Cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Crack cocaine, Illegal drug trade - Heroin and opium, Illegal drug trade - Methamphetamine

Read more here: » Illegal drug trade: Encyclopedia II - Illegal drug trade - Retail selling

Heroin was first synthesized in 1874 by C.R. Alder Wright, a British chemist working at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London. He had been experimenting with combining morphine with various acids. He boiled anhydrous morphine alkaloid with acetic anhydride over a stove for several hours and produced a more potent, acetylated form of morphine. We now call it diacetylmorphine. The compound was sent to F.M. Pierce of Owens College, Manchester, for analysis. He reported the following to Wright: Doses … were subcutan ...

See also:

Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - History

Recreational uses: Euphoria Relaxation Other uses: Pain relief Cough suppressant anti-diarrheal Alcohol Barbiturates Stimulants Other opioids Severe: Respiratory arrest Spontaneous abortion Atypical sensations: ? Cardiovascular: See also:

Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - Usage and effects

Many countries and local governments have instituted programs to supply sterile needles to people who inject illegal drugs in order to reduce some of these contingent risks. While needle exchanges have demonstrated an immediate public health benefit, some see such programs as tacit acceptance of illicit drug use. The United States does not support needle exchanges federally by law, though some of its state and local governments do. A heroin overdose is usually treated with an opioid antagonist, such as naloxone (Narcan) or naltrexone, ...

See also:

Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin

The withdrawal syndrome from heroin (or any other short-acting opioid) can begin within 6 hours of discontinuation of sustained use of the drug: sweating, malaise, anxiety, depression, persistent and intense penile erection in males (priapism), general feeling of heaviness, cramp-like pains in the limbs, yawning and lachrymation, sleep difficulties, cold sweats, chills, severe muscle and bone aches not precipitated by any physical trauma, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, gooseflesh (hence, the term "cold turkey"), cramps, and fever occur. Many ...

See also:

Heroin, Heroin - History, Heroin - Usage and effects, Heroin - Production and trafficking, Heroin - Manufacturing, Heroin - History, Heroin - Trafficking, Heroin - Risks of non-medical abuse of heroin, Heroin - Withdrawal, Heroin - Drug interactions, Heroin - Culture, Heroin - Books

Read more here: » Heroin: Encyclopedia II - Heroin - Withdrawal