Applied ethics takes a theory of ethics, such as utilitarianism, social contract theory, or deontology, and applies its major principles to a particular set of circumstances and practices. Typical examples include applied fields such as medical ethics, legal ethics, environmental ethics, computer ethics, corporate social responsibility, or business ethics. Many considerations of applied et ...

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See also:

List of publications in philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Historical texts, List of publications in philosophy - Western philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Eastern philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Twentieth-century philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Ethics value and social philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Logic language and mathematics, List of publications in philosophy - General philosophy lists, List of publications in philosophy - General philosophy topics, List of publications in philosophy - General online philosophy resources

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Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy [ A ] G.E. Moore, "A Defence of Common Sense" [ A ] Edmund Gettier, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", 1963 [ A ] John Dewey, Experience and Nature, c. 1929 [ A ] William James, Pragmatism [ A ] G. E. Moore, "The Refutation of Idealism", 1903 [ A ] Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (a.k.a. The Tractatus) [ A ] Alfred North Whitehead, Process an ...

See also:

List of publications in philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Historical texts, List of publications in philosophy - Western philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Eastern philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Twentieth-century philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Ethics value and social philosophy, List of publications in philosophy - Logic language and mathematics, List of publications in philosophy - General philosophy lists, List of publications in philosophy - General philosophy topics, List of publications in philosophy - General online philosophy resources

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Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical rules and principles within a commercial context; the various moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business setting; and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons who are engaged in commerce.” Generally speaking, business ethics is a normative discipline, whereby particular ethical standards are assumed and then applied. It makes specific judgements about what is right or wrong, which is to say, it makes claims about what ought to be done ...

Including:

• Business ethics - Related disciplines
• Business ethics - Typical issues
• Business ethics - Conflicting interests
• Business ethics - Ethical issues and approaches
• Business ethics - Corporate ethics policies
• Business ethics - Ethics officers
• Business ethics - Religious views on business ethics
• Business ethics - Christian business ethics
• Business ethics - Jewish business ethics
• Business ethics - Muslim business ethics

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Buddhist philosophy is the branch of Eastern philosophy based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha (c. 563 BC - c. 483 BC). Buddhist philosophy deals extensively with problems in metaphysics, phenomenology, ethics, and epistemology. Buddhist philosophy - Introduction. Samkhya Nyaya Vaisheshika Yoga Purva Mimamsa Advaita Vedanta Vishishtadvaita Dvaita Carvaka Jai ...

Including:

• Buddhist philosophy - Introduction
• Buddhist philosophy - Philosophical areas addressed in Buddhism
• Buddhist philosophy - Epistemology
• Buddhist philosophy - Metaphysics and phenomenology
• Buddhist philosophy - Interpenetration
• Buddhist philosophy - Ethics
• Buddhist philosophy - Historical development of Buddhist philosophy
• Buddhist philosophy - Early development
• Buddhist philosophy - Later developments
• Buddhist philosophy - Comparison with other philosophies
• Buddhist philosophy - Some Buddhist philosophers

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Ignorance is a lack of knowledge, or a willful lack of desire to improve the efficiency, merit, effectiveness or usefulness of one's actions. Ignorance is also a "state of being ignorant" or unaware/uninformed. Ex: "In debate class Bill lost the debate because he was ignorant in (without knowledge of) that subject." In politics, it is almost always used as a pejorative label, but some political movements have raised it to an ideal, for instance the Know-Nothings of the 19th century United States and some peasant and agrarian mo ...

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Charles Leslie Stevenson (1908-1979) was an American philosopher primarily concerned with ethics, philosophy of language, and meaning. He was a professor at Yale University from 1939 to 1946 and at the University of Michigan from 1946 to 1977. He studied in England with Wittgenstein and G. E. Moore. He was a large supporter of Emotivism, along with A. J. Ayer and Rudolf Carnap. In his The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms (1937), Persuasive Definitions (1938), and Ethics and Language (1944), he developed a t ...

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The Conservation ethic is an ethic of resource use, allocation, exploitation, and protection. Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world: its forests, fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Secondary focus is on materials conservation and energy conservation, which are seen as important to protect the natural world. Conservation ethic - Introduction. To conserve habitat in terrestrial ecoregions and stop deforestation is a goal widely shared by many groups with a wide vari ...

Including:

• Conservation ethic - Introduction
• Conservation ethic - Usage of term
• Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation
• Conservation ethic - Romantic-Transcendental
• Conservation ethic - Resource Conservation
• Conservation ethic - Evolutionary-Ecological
• Conservation ethic - External link

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In philosophy, a subject is a being which has subjective experiences or a relationship with another entity (or "object"). A subject is an observer and an object is a thing observed. The following are examples of subjective experiences (all examples of qualia): What the color red looks like to me; What a musical tone sounds like to me; What pleasure and pain feel like to me. And their corresponding objective analogues: The red surface; The musical instrument producing oscillations in ai ...

Including:

• Subject philosophy - Epistemic subjectivity
• Subject philosophy - Subjectivism
• Subject philosophy - Metaphysical subjectivism
• Subject philosophy - Subjectivism and panpsychism
• Subject philosophy - Criticisms
• Subject philosophy - Ethical subjectivism
• Subject philosophy - Subjectivism in probability

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Civics is the science of comparative government and means of administering public trusts - the theory of governance as applied to state institutions. It is usually considered a branch of applied ethics and is certainly part of politics. Within any given political tradition or ethical tradition, civics refers to education in the obligations and the rights of the citizen under that tradition. When these change, so often does the definition of civics. Related education in history, religion and media literacy is often ...

Including:

• Civics - Civic theory

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Business refers to at least three closely related commercial topics. The first is a commercial, professional or industrial organization or enterprise, generally referred to as "a business." The second is commercial, professional, and industrial activity generally, as in "business continues to evolve as markets change." Finally, business can be used to refer to a particular area of economic activity, such as the "record business" or the "computer business" (see Industry). This article is concerned primarily with the first definition of individual businesses, but also contains links to general business and management ...

Including:

• Business - Types of Businesses
• Business - Business departments
• Business - Business and Government
• Business - Business and Management

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Lust is a term for an intense desire or craving, usually sexual although it is also common usage to talk of a "lust for life" or a "lust for power" or other goals. As a sexual term, lust implies a sexual desire in and of itself, an erotic arousal and wish, or intense physical or sexual attraction or craving. In this sense, it is considered a vice by Christianity, and is listed as one of the Seven deadly sins. On the other hand, many people see lust as the purest form of love. This viewpoint argues that bein ...

Including:

• Lust - Derivation

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Metaphysics (Greek words meta = after/beyond and physics = nature) is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of "first principles" and "being" (ontology). Metaphysics as a discipline was a central part of academic inquiry and scholarly education since before the age in which Aristotle coined the word. Long considered "the Queen of Sciences", its issues were considered no less important than the other main formal subjects of physical science, medicine, mathematics, poetics and music. Since the Age of Reaso ...

Including:

• Metaphysics - The origin of the word 'metaphysics'
• Metaphysics - Examples
• Metaphysics - Criticism
• Metaphysics - Metaphysical subdisciplines
• Metaphysics - Metaphysical topics and problems
• Metaphysics - Metaphysical jargon
• Metaphysics - People

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Buddhist philosophy is the branch of Eastern philosophy based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha (c. 563 BC - c. 483 BC). Buddhist philosophy deals extensively with problems in metaphysics, phenomenology, ethics, and epistemology. Buddhist philosophy - Introduction. Samkhya Nyaya Vaisheshika Yoga Purva Mimamsa Advaita Vedanta Vishishtadvaita Dvaita Carvaka Jai ...

Including:

• Buddhist philosophy - Introduction
• Buddhist philosophy - Buddhism as philosophy?
• Buddhist philosophy - Philosophical areas addressed in Buddhism
• Buddhist philosophy - Epistemology
• Buddhist philosophy - Metaphysics and phenomenology
• Buddhist philosophy - Interpenetration
• Buddhist philosophy - Ethics
• Buddhist philosophy - Historical development of Buddhist philosophy
• Buddhist philosophy - Early development
• Buddhist philosophy - Later developments
• Buddhist philosophy - Comparison with other philosophies
• Buddhist philosophy - Some Buddhist philosophers

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Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to simultaneously determine the allocational efficiency of a macroeconomy and the income distribution consequences associated with it. It attempts to maximize the level of social welfare by examining the economic activities of the individuals that comprise society. Welfare economics is concerned with the welfare of individuals, as opposed to groups, communities, or societies because it assumes that the individual is the basic unit of measuremen ...

Including:

• Welfare economics - Two approaches
• Welfare economics - Efficiency
• Welfare economics - Income distribution
• Welfare economics - A simplified seven equation model
• Welfare economics - Efficiency between production and consumption
• Welfare economics - Social welfare maximization
• Welfare economics - Welfare economics in relation to other subjects
• Welfare economics - Criticisms

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Humanism is a broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on our ability to determine what is right using the qualities innate to humanity, particularly rationality. Humanism is a component of a variety of more specific philosophical systems. Humanism entails a commitment to the search for truth and morality through human means in support of human interests. In focusing on our capacity for self-determination, humanism rejects transcendental justifications, such as ...

Including:

• Humanism - Aspects
• Humanism - Religion
• Humanism - Knowledge
• Humanism - Speciesism
• Humanism - Optimism
• Humanism - History
• Humanism - Renaissance
• Humanism - Modern humanist philosophies
• Humanism - Secular humanism
• Humanism - Religious humanism
• Humanism - Other forms of humanism
• Humanism - Educational humanism
• Humanism - Related topics
• Humanism - List of Humanists
• Humanism - Founding documents
• Humanism - Forms of humanism
• Humanism - Related philosophies
• Humanism - Organizations
• Humanism - Other
• Humanism - Web resources
• Humanism - Founding documents
• Humanism - Introductions to humanism
• Humanism - Organizations
• Humanism - Web articles
• Humanism - Web books
• Humanism - Web directories

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Ethics officers (sometimes called "compliance" or "business conduct officers") have been appointed formally by organizations since the mid-1980s. One of the catalysts for the creation of this new role was a series of fraud, corruption and abuse scandals that afflicted the U.S. defense industry at that time. This led to the creation of the Defense Industry Initiative (DII), a pan-industry initiative to promote and ensure ethical business practices. The DII set an early benchmark for ethics management in corporations. In 1991, the Ethics Offic ...

See also:

Business ethics, Business ethics - Related disciplines, Business ethics - Typical issues, Business ethics - Conflicting interests, Business ethics - Ethical issues and approaches, Business ethics - Corporate ethics policies, Business ethics - Ethics officers, Business ethics - Religious views on business ethics, Business ethics - Christian business ethics, Business ethics - Jewish business ethics, Business ethics - Muslim business ethics

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Many faiths have extensive literature and legal code on the accumulation and use of wealth; and many businesses rely on these ethical guidelines, both as a result of the religious beliefs of owners and managers, and as a way of ensuring that their actions meet the otherwise unwritten ethical standards of local communities. Business ethics - Christian business ethics. In Christianity, ...

See also:

Business ethics, Business ethics - Related disciplines, Business ethics - Typical issues, Business ethics - Conflicting interests, Business ethics - Ethical issues and approaches, Business ethics - Corporate ethics policies, Business ethics - Ethics officers, Business ethics - Religious views on business ethics, Business ethics - Christian business ethics, Business ethics - Jewish business ethics, Business ethics - Muslim business ethics

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Business ethics aren't identical to the philosophy of business, the branch of philosophy that deals with the philosophical, political, and ethical underpinnings of business and economics. Business ethics operates on the premise, for example, that the ethical operation of a private business is possible -- those who dispute that premise, such as libertarian socialists, (who contend that "business ethics" is an oxymoron) do so by defi ...

See also:

Business ethics, Business ethics - Related disciplines, Business ethics - Typical issues, Business ethics - Conflicting interests, Business ethics - Ethical issues and approaches, Business ethics - Corporate ethics policies, Business ethics - Ethics officers, Business ethics - Religious views on business ethics, Business ethics - Christian business ethics, Business ethics - Jewish business ethics, Business ethics - Muslim business ethics

Read more here: » Business ethics: Encyclopedia II - Business ethics - Related disciplines

Many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement), or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes). They are generally meant to identify the company's expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might arise in the course of doing busin ...

See also:

Business ethics, Business ethics - Related disciplines, Business ethics - Typical issues, Business ethics - Conflicting interests, Business ethics - Ethical issues and approaches, Business ethics - Corporate ethics policies, Business ethics - Ethics officers, Business ethics - Religious views on business ethics, Business ethics - Christian business ethics, Business ethics - Jewish business ethics, Business ethics - Muslim business ethics

Read more here: » Business ethics: Encyclopedia II - Business ethics - Corporate ethics policies