List of accounting topics

Securities Bond Commercial paper Hybrid security Stock Warrant Markets Bond market Stock market Stock exchange Stocks Share Stock Warrant Bonds by coupon Fixed rate bond Floating rate note Zero coupon bond Inflation-indexed bond Bonds by collateral Asset-backed security Collateralized debt obligation Collateralized mortgage obligation Credit linked note Mortgage ...

Including:

• Bond - Issuers
• Bond - Issuing bonds
• Bond - Features of bonds
• Bond - Types of bond
• Bond - Trading and valuing bonds
• Bond - See
• Bond - Investing in bonds
• Bond - Arguments against bonds

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Business refers to at least three closely related commercial topics. The first is a commercial, professional or industrial organization or enterprise, generally referred to as "a business." The second is commercial, professional, and industrial activity generally, as in "business continues to evolve as markets change." Finally, business can be used to refer to a particular area of economic activity, such as the "record business" or the "computer business" (see Industry). This article is concerned primarily with the first definition of individual businesses, but also contains links to general business and management ...

Including:

• Business - Types of Businesses
• Business - Business departments
• Business - Business and Government
• Business - Business and Management

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Chartered accountant (CA) is a brand originated from British Royal Charter and widely spread in British Commonwealth since its inception in 19th century. The standard for UK CAs is said to be equivalent to a British degree. In the accounting profession, there is no competitive league table similar to Master of Business Administration. As such, no accounting body can ethically claim to be the best in the world or equivalent to an MBA in the absence of a fair comparison. For non-British nations, Certified Public Accountant brands ...

Including:

• Chartered accountant - CA in United Kingdom
• Chartered accountant - EU accountants
• Chartered accountant - Canadian accounting bodies
• Chartered accountant - South Africa
• Chartered accountant - India

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As of 2000, the amount on deposit with private banks in the world was about US$13 trillion. To put that in perspective, the amount of assets that the largest United States bank has was about $1.3 trillion, and the total amount of printed cash in the United States at the time was $600 billion (see money supply), while US household assets were $30 trillion [1]. Switzerland is the major location of private banking. Swiss banks hold an estimated 35 percent of the world's private and institutional ...

See also:

Private bank, Private bank - Scale

Read more here: » Private bank: Encyclopedia II - Private bank - Scale

Broadly speaking, economics is a social science, and its area of study is human activity involved in meeting needs and wants. However, beyond this there are a range of definitions, past and present which have been applied, first to the term political economy and then to the modern term economics. John Maynard Keynes once remarked that "Economics is the science of thinking." Broadly the history of the study moved from the study of "wealth" to "welfare" to the idea studying trade-offs. < ...

See also:

Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Definitions of economics

In accounting, a financial liability is something that is owed to another party. This is typically contrasted with an asset which is something of value that you own. It is said, "assets put cash in your pocket, liabilities take cash out of your pocket." The basic accounting equation relates assets, liability, and capital (or equity) thus: liabilities + equity = assets where assets are what you own, liabilities are what you owe to others, and equity i ...

See also:

Liability, Liability - In accounting, Liability - Clasification of liabilities, Liability - In law, Liability - An example from both accounting and law

Read more here: » Liability: Encyclopedia II - Liability - In accounting

In the United Kingdom, there are five accounting bodies authorised by the Department of Trade and Industry under the Companies Acts to audit the accounts of a business as Registered Auditors. A member of these bodies will generally be known as a graduate member after passing all the necessary exams and then become an Affiliate, Associate or Fellow. Their counterpart in U.S.A is called American CPA or CPA of individual state board of accountancy (without mutual recognition agreement at Federal level). He or she should have been ...

See also:

Chartered accountant, Chartered accountant - CA in United Kingdom, Chartered accountant - CA in Australia, Chartered accountant - Constitution, Chartered accountant - Regional Councils, Chartered accountant - Becoming a Chartered Accountant, Chartered accountant - Professionalism, Chartered accountant - Membership, Chartered accountant - Further Information, Chartered accountant - EU accountants, Chartered accountant - Canadian accounting bodies, Chartered accountant - South Africa, Chartered accountant - India

Read more here: » Chartered accountant: Encyclopedia II - Chartered accountant - CA in United Kingdom

There are many types of businesses, and, as a result, businesses can be classified in many ways. One of the most common focuses on the primary profit-generating activities of a business, for example: Manufacturers produce products, from raw materials or component parts, which they then sell at a profit. Companies that make physical goods, such as cars or pipes, are considered manufacturers. Service businesses offer intangible goods or services and typically generate a profit by charging for labor or other services provi ...

See also:

Business, Business - Types of Businesses, Business - Business departments, Business - Business and Government, Business - Business and Management

Read more here: » Business: Encyclopedia II - Business - Types of Businesses

In the United Kingdom, there are five accounting bodies authorized by the Department of Trade and Industry under the Companies Acts to audit the accounts of a business as Registered Auditors. A member of these bodies will generally be known as a graduate member after passing all the necessary exams and then become an Affiliate, Associate or Fellow. Their counterpart in U.S.A is called American CPA or CPA of individual state board of accountancy (without mutual recognition agreement at Federal level). He or she should have been ...

See also:

Chartered accountant, Chartered accountant - CA in United Kingdom, Chartered accountant - EU accountants, Chartered accountant - Canadian accounting bodies, Chartered accountant - South Africa, Chartered accountant - India

Read more here: » Chartered accountant: Encyclopedia II - Chartered accountant - CA in United Kingdom

Broadly speaking, economics is a social science, and its area of study is human activity involved in meeting needs and wants. However, beyond this there are a range of definitions, past and present which have been applied, first to the term political economy and then to the modern term economics. John Maynard Keynes once remarked that "Economics is the science of thinking." Broadly the history of the study moved from the study of "wealth" to "welfare" to the idea studying trade offs. < ...

See also:

Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economists, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Definitions of economics

The interest rate that the issuer of a bond must pay is influenced by a variety of factors, such as current market interest rates, the length of the term and the credit worthiness of the issuer. Since these factors are likely to change over time, the market value of a bond can vary after it is issued. Because of these differences in market value, bonds are priced in terms of percentage of par value. Bonds are not necessarily issued at par (100% of face value, corresponding to a price of 100), but all bond prices converge to par at the moment ...

See also:

Bond, Bond - Issuers, Bond - Issuing bonds, Bond - Features of bonds, Bond - Types of bond, Bond - Trading and valuing bonds, Bond - See, Bond - Investing in bonds, Bond - Arguments against bonds

Read more here: » Bond: Encyclopedia II - Bond - Trading and valuing bonds

Bonds are bought and traded mostly by institutions like pension funds, insurance companies and banks. Most individuals who want to own bonds do so through mutual funds. Still, in the U.S., nearly ten percent of all bonds outstanding are held directly by households. Bonds are generally viewed as safer investments than stocks, but this perception is only partially correct. Bonds do suffer from less day-to-day volatility than stocks, and bonds' interest payments are higher than dividend payments that the same company would generally choo ...

See also:

Bond, Bond - Issuers, Bond - Issuing bonds, Bond - Features of bonds, Bond - Types of bond, Bond - Trading and valuing bonds, Bond - See, Bond - Investing in bonds, Bond - Arguments against bonds

Read more here: » Bond: Encyclopedia II - Bond - Investing in bonds

There is some tension between economics and theories of ethics, historically a branch of philosophy, which emphasizes how people ought to conduct ourselves and balances of rights and duties. Modern economics deals with this tension explicitly: According to some thinkers such as Mr. John Syko, a theory of economics is also, or implies also, a theory of moral reasoning. One way economists deal with this is to qualify discussions of economic choice by noting the qualifier ceteris paribus ("all other things held constant...") referring to moral or social factors that are (for the sake of a ...

See also:

Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Strategic management is the process of specifying an organization's objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve these objectives, and allocating resources so as to implement the plans. It is the highest level of managerial activity, usually performed by the company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and executive team. It provides overall direction to the whole enterprise. An organization’s strategy must be appropriate for its resources, circumstances, and objectives. The process involves matching the companies' strategic adva ...

Including:

• Strategic management - General Approaches
• Strategic management - The strategy hierarchy
• Strategic management - Historical development of strategic management
• Strategic management - Birth of strategic management
• Strategic management - Headline text
• Strategic management - Growth and portfolio theory
• Strategic management - The marketing revolution
• Strategic management - The Japanese challenge
• Strategic management - Gaining competitive advantage
• Strategic management - The military theorists
• Strategic management - Strategic change
• Strategic management - Information and technology driven strategy
• Strategic management - The psychology of strategic management
• Strategic management - Teaching strategic management
• Strategic management - Reasons why strategic plans fail
• Strategic management - Criticisms of strategic management
• Strategic management - Journals devoted primarily to strategic management
• Strategic management - Magazines that frequently contain strategic management articles
• Strategic management - Web sites with significant strategic management content
• Strategic management - Lists of related topics

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There have been different and competing schools of economic thought pertaining to capitalism from the late 18th century to the early day. Important schools of thought are Mercantilism, Kameralism, Physiocracy, Manchester school, Protectionism, Fiscalism, Monetarism, Classical economics, Marxian economics, Keynesian economics, Post-Keynesian economics, Neoclassical economics, Institutional economics, Austrian School, Evolutionary economics, Dependency theory, World systems theory, and New classical economics. See also:

Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Schools of economic thought

Product / Price / Promotion "Placement" / Service / Retail Marketing research / Marketing strategy Advertising / Sales promotion Personal Sales / Publicity Public relations / Direct marketing Newspapers / Magazines Broadcasting / online media Blogging / Billboard Promoters / Infotainers The American Marketing Association suggests that Marketing is the process of planning and executing the pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods, ideas, and services ...

Including:

• Marketing - Types of markets
• Marketing - Product price promotion and placement
• Marketing - Technique
• Marketing - Criticism of marketing
• Marketing - Related lists

Read more here: » Marketing: Encyclopedia - Marketing

Accounting software is computer software that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll and trial balance. It functions as an accounting information system. It may be developed in-house by the company or organization using it, may be purchased from a third party, or may be a combination of a third-party application software package with local mo ...

Including:

• Accounting software - Modules
• Accounting software - Implementations
• Accounting software - Categories
• Accounting software - Personal Accounting
• Accounting software - Low End
• Accounting software - Mid Market
• Accounting software - High End
• Accounting software - Vertical Market
• Accounting software - Use by Non Accountants

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"Management" (from Old French ménagement "the art of conducting, directing", from Latin manu agere "to lead by the hand") characterises the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization, often a business, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible). Early twentieth-century management writer Mary Parker Follett defined management as "the art of getting things done through people." One can also think of management functionally, as t ...

Including:

• Management - Historical development
• Management - 19th century
• Management - 20th century
• Management - 21st century
• Management - Nature of the work
• Management - Areas of management
• Management - Lists

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Economics - Supply and demand. Main article: Supply and demand. In microeconomic theory supply and demand attempts to describe, explain, and predict the price and quantity of goods sold in competitive markets. It is one of the most fundamental economic models, ubiquitously used as a basic building block in a wide range of more detailed economic models and theories. To define, Demand is the utility maximising choice of a consumer. It is a strong desire backed by purchasing power ...

See also:

Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economists, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Economic assumptions

Economics relies on rigorous styles of argument. Economic methodology has several interacting parts: Collection of economic data. These data consist of measurable values of price and changes in price, for measurable commodities. For example: the cost to hire a worker for a week, or the cost of a particular commodity, and how much is typically used. Formulation of models of economic relationships, for example, the relationship between the general level of prices and the general level of employment. This includ ...

See also:

Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines

Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Economic language and reasoning